Used Aro N323 for sale (1,124)

Condition: used, Used Capping Machine Arol up to 4000 bph Technical Analysis of Operational Capabilities of the Capping Machine Arol The Arol capping machine operates at up to 4000 bph and offers an advanced option for automating the capping process in bottling lines. It features four capping heads that distribute mechanical forces evenly, crucial for maintaining the seal’s integrity on various bottle types. Moreover, each head handles both mushroom and straight corks, widely adopted in the wine industry to effectively preserve the liquids’ organoleptic qualities. Operational Details and Mechanical Compatibility Additionally, the design incorporates a counterclockwise rotational movement, aligning strategically with the common configurations of European assembly lines. Consequently, this facilitates integration with other bottling machines and reduces operational errors. Furthermore, this counterclockwise setup enhances synchronization with other line equipment, optimizing production time and cost. Electrical Specifications and Energy Impact of the Capping Machine Arol Kjdpfx Asvgvp Asnxjnb Similarly, the machine runs at 380 V, consumes 2.5 kW of power, and operates at a frequency of 50 Hz, optimizing energy use relative to its production capacity. Such energy efficiency crucially lowers the operational costs tied to total production, enabling companies to sustain high production volumes while keeping energy expenses low.

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: LC534, Used Isobaric Filling Line for Sparkling Wine 3000 bph The isobaric filling line for sparkling and semi-sparkling wine produces 3000 bottles per hour and handles 1.5-liter bottles along with a wide range of formats. The line operates smoothly, and you can inspect it before its decommissioning at the end of April. Every machine in the line includes safety features, and some technical manuals remain available. The bottle formats include Collio, Atmosfera, Astro, Lia, Cuvee, Spumante Italia, Flute, Campana, Extral, Tappo Raso, Emiliana, Bordolese, Borgognotta, Bordolese Nobile, and Borgognotta Alta. Moreover, the seller will supply format change parts along with the line. Additionally, conveyors ensure seamless and continuous movement between machines, optimizing the production process. Description of Main Machines Depalletizer TMG VEGA 60 (2008) In this Used filling line for sparkling wine the depalletizer automatically removes bottles from pallets using its integrated PLC and electronic protection barriers. Furthermore, its system includes a layer pad magazine and an automatic mechanism for removing pads and caps within the same cycle, ensuring efficiency. Rinsing Machine AVE RAI 12 (1999) The rinsing machine cleans the inside of bottles using its PLC system. It effectively removes particles and potential contaminants. As a result, the bottles are properly prepared for filling, which contributes to higher product quality. Ozone Dispenser The ozone dispenser sanitizes bottles before filling by producing ozone gas, a strong oxidizing agent. Not only does the gas eliminate bacteria, yeast, and microorganisms, but it also leaves no chemical residues, thereby guaranteeing high hygiene standards. Isobaric Filling Machine Cobert SUPREMA (1985) The isobaric filling machine fills bottles using 24 filling valves while controlling internal pressure. Consequently, it processes both still and sparkling wines, preserving their stability and quality. Capping Machine AROL (1997) The single-head capping machine applies flush and mushroom corks. As a result, it ensures airtight sealing, which preserves the wine’s flavors and properties over time. Capping Machine KOMPASS (2007) The capping machine applies screw caps (BVS, Stelvin) to bottles with precision. Furthermore, its design accommodates multiple formats and guarantees secure closures for different types of wines. Wirehooder ROBINO & GALANDRINO REKORD 10/2 (1994) The wirehooder automatically applies wire cages using its 10 plates and long-duration magazine. Because the machine loads cages from ground level, it allows uninterrupted operations without delays. Bottle Heating Tunnel COMTEC (2017) Knjdpfxjvxz Alj Anxob The heating tunnel stabilizes the temperature of bottles after filling by spraying them with warm water. Consequently, it helps reduce thermal shock and prevents potential damage to the bottles. Drying Tunnel CAMES TNN1 (2001) The drying tunnel blows high-efficiency air over the bottles, thoroughly drying them before they move to the next production step. Thus, this step ensures that the bottles are ready for labeling and packaging. Capsule Distribution and Application Capsule Distributor NORTAN (1997) The distributor feeds capsules continuously to the capsuling machine, thereby minimizing dow...

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, machine/vehicle number: SO137, Used Sidel Combiblock for PET 18000 BPHTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThe Sidel Combiblock is a synchronized blow-fill-cap monoblock engineered for high-efficiency, reliable, and high-quality container production within used bottling lines and industrial packaging environments. Built in 2002, this integrated system combines a rotary PET blow molder, a high-precision gravity filler, and a robust capping turret into a single space-saving frame. The blowing section features 16 cavities for continuous operation and is equipped with an air recovery system to improve energy efficiency. The filling zone includes a pressurized clean cabin with filters, while the capping system handles advanced tethered closure profiles. Please note that molds are not included and a chiller is not supplied with the machine.Manufacturer: Sidel / Arol CombiModel: SBO 16 Series 2 (Blower) + Sidel ALSIM (Filler) + Arol (Capper)Year: 2004Machine type: Synchronized Combiblock (Blow-Fill-Cap)Container material: PET BlowerCavities: 16 (molds not included)Blower Type: RotaryNeck finish set: AlaskaAir Recovery System: IncludedChiller: Not includedFiller Valves: 63 mechanical valvesFilling Type: Gravity fillingRotation Direction: Counter-clockwiseHygienic Enclosure: Pressurized cabin with air filtersCapper Heads: 12 headsCap Distribution System: Pick & Place SupportedCaps: Plastic pre-threaded caps (GRAVITY and HEXALITE TETHERED GME30.28 NCB PT 1.00g - drawing available)Machine Condition: Fully overhauled at the end of 2024Advanced Automation & Control SystemsThis rotary platform supports steady, continuous motion for stable heating, blowing, and filling cycles. The isobaric gravity filling system utilizes 63 mechanical valves to ensure low-turbulence filling, while the integrated pressurized cabin with air filters guarantees a clean environment for sensitive beverage production. Integrated machine controls streamline changeovers and monitoring, while the air recovery system enhances sustainability and lowers compressed air consumption. Quick adjustments for the Alaska neck finish and the specialized Arol pick-and-place cap distribution system reduce downtime across multi-format industrial packaging operations.Production Line Integration CapabilitiesThe Combi system is designed for seamless integration into a complete beverage production line. By combining the Sidel SBO 16 blower, the ALSIM 63-valve gravity filler, and the Arol 12-head capper into a single monoblock, it eliminates intermediate air conveyors, reducing footprint and container scuffing. It pairs effectively with downstream packaging machinery and can operate inline with main conveyors, inspection systems, and labeling equipment. The machine is well suited for PET bottle handling and can be configured for a range of bottle sizes depending on installed molds and process parameters.Machine Condition & Maintenance HistoryThe complete Combi configuration was fully overhauled and refurbished at the end of 2024, supporting reliable, ready-for-operation performance for used bottling line projects. As a second h... Kedszccgdepfx Anxjnb

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: HaRo2020, total width: 800 mm, total height: 1,100 mm, total length: 1,200 mm, briquette diameter: 60 mm, overall weight: 300 kg, warranty duration: 12 months, type of input current: AC, input voltage: 400 V, power: 3 kW (4.08 HP), Equipment: emergency stop, Our new HaRo2020 briquetting press, with a capacity of up to 40 kg/h, automatic tongs, and pre-compactor, is manufactured by ourselves. You can only purchase this machine directly from us, as we do not use intermediaries. The briquetting presses are CE-compliant and manufactured according to the latest standards. Since we produce most of the components in-house, we can offer the machine at a particularly competitive price. Price is exclusive of VAT. The new hydraulic unit is equipped with a SILENCE-PUMP, making the machine extremely quiet in operation. Another benefit of the helical gearing in the pump is increased durability. Everything is made in Germany! You are welcome to visit us and test the machine with your own material. When purchasing our briquetting press, you will receive a detailed and comprehensive German (PDF) operating manual for this machine. The input material must have a moisture content below 15%—ideally 10 to 12%—for sawdust and planer shavings. Technical Data – Hydraulic unit: 3.0 kW (connected load) – Power consumption per hour: approx. 1.8–2.0 kWh – Throughput: approx. 15–40 kg/h – Voltage: 400 V – Frequency: 50 Hz – Circuit protection: 16 A plug – Power cable length: 3 m – Hydraulic control with Bosch Rexroth valves – Briquette diameter: 60 mm (length varies according to material) – Motor equipped with motor protection switch and emergency stop—for operator and machine safety, including motor protection – No electronic components prone to failure such as controllers, sensors, or complicated electronics – Pressing without additives – Counter-pressure adapts fully automatically to your material – Thanks to the pre-compactor, bulky shavings are no problem Kjdpfx Aow A Hvdenxonb – No adjustments or monitoring of the pressure required – Fully automatic operation Spare parts supply is guaranteed, as we manufacture the machines in small series in our facility in Germany. The large oil tank ensures that the oil will not overheat during continuous operation. Machine dimensions: Length: 1.25 m Width: 0.82 m Height: 1.11 m Feed hopper: Diameter approx. 80 cm x height 60 cm Weight: 300 kg The briquetting press is immediately operational and does not require installation—just plug it in and start working. The machine can be viewed and tested on-site. You are welcome to send us a sample of your material for testing; we find this is the most effective method.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, Mains voltage: 400V, mains: 3PH+PE, frequency: 50Hz, control voltage: 24V DC, total load current: 20.4A, short-circuit withstand rating: 8kA, control cabinet protection rating: IP56, with CE marking, an on-site inspection is possible. Ksdjzxhliopfx Anxjnb

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number: 7303 TECHNICAL DATA - Shaft width: 640mm - Number of knives: 3 pcs - Max. thickness of the workpiece: 250mm From above: - Pawls - Toothed infeed shaft, pulling - Pressure rollers - Surfacing shaft - Pressure rollers - Smooth outfeed shaft, pulling From below: - Adjustable rollers in the lower bed: 2 pcs - Motor: 7.5kW - Electric bed lifting - Lifting motor: 0.75kW - 4 feed speed settings - Feed motor: 1.5kW - Diameter of dust extraction nozzle: 140mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1120x1250x1680mm - Weight: 1033kg - Made in Poland - Used thickness planer, very good condition Original photos Net price: 19900 PLN Net price: 4738 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.2 EUR Kjdpfszxg S Uox Anxonb (Prices may change due to larger fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Professional granite measuring plate by VOGEL Germany, designed for precise measuring, inspection, and workshop applications. Technical data: Manufacturer: VOGEL Germany Article number: 260266 Plate dimensions: 800 × 500 × 100 mm Accuracy class: 1 Identification number: 2014081163 Material: granite Marking: “nicht kalibrierpflichtig” (not subject to calibration) Ksdjzyyufjpfx Anxjnb Includes a sturdy metal stand/base The plate is used. Normal signs of wear, soiling, and minor surface scratches are visible. The visual condition is accurately depicted in the photos. The robust, heavy-duty construction ensures a stable reference surface during the inspection and measurement of components. The sale includes the VOGEL granite plate and the stand shown in the photos.

Condition: used, Professional granite surface plate – renowned quality by Mitutoyo / Planolith (Made in Germany). Ideal for use in quality control, tool shops, and metrology. ⸻ Specifications: • Plate dimensions: approx. 1200 x 800 mm Kjdpfxoyw Ubqe Anxsnb • Thickness: approx. 170 mm • Weight: approx. 460 kg • Accuracy class: DIN 876/0 (high precision) • Permissible deviation: 0.009 mm • Actual deviation: 0.00273 mm • Manufacturer: Planolith GmbH / Mitutoyo • Country of manufacture: Germany • Includes: solid steel stand ⸻ Advantages: Very high measurement accuracy Stable construction – heavy granite dampens vibrations Ideal for measurements, marking out, and component inspection Professional equipment Ready for use ⸻ Condition: Used item – shows normal signs of wear (scratches visible on the surface), but is fully functional and maintains its specification parameters.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, Overview This brew house was built in 2016 by Spanish manufacturer Prominox Villarobledo and has a wort volume of 30 hectoliters. Fermentation and storage cellars and various accessories are included. All the equipment has already been dismantled and stored. Scope of delivery  - Electrical panels for tanks and pumps - Stainless steel tank | model DFF99 | 2000 | 25,000 liters - Labeler | model MC-220 | 2016 | 1300 bph (up to 1.5 liters) - Filler | model AM DPS 811G | 2016 | 1200 bph (0.33 liters) - Sealer | model SK2 | 2016 | Semi-automatic box sealer, motor speed: 20 m/min, power: 0.13 hp - 2x Horizontal tank | model AD MERKBLATTER | 2016 | Isobaric 3,000 liters - 2x Fermentation tank | 3,000 liters - 2x Fermentation tank | model PROMINOX | 2016 | 5,000 liters - Open tank - Low tank | model STORK TGSW - Filter | model PSF JB | 2017 - Grinder | model OOEHLER OL 6000 | 2016 - Silo and feeder - Resistance tank | model PROMINOX | 2016 | 3,000 liters - 2x Brewing/mashing tank | model PROMINOX | vertical | 2016 | 3,265 liters - Filter tank | model PROMINOX | 2016 | 4,500 liters - 2x Pump | model MIM GRUP FL31Cl - Pump | model CALPEDA MXH 204/A - Industrial scale | model GRAM MISSIL F2-60 - Pump | model LOWARA HTB 32-125/30 - Pump | model ABB INOX MIM GRUO FLUID-102 Knodpfx Anjtzg H Doxjb - Industrial sink - Refrigeration chamber - Pump | model PYD SH2-40 - Osmosis system | model HIDROTEC - Water treatment system - Cooling system | model AIRWELL AQVH,125BLN,R410A,BFC,1P | 2010 - Compressor | model INGERSOLL-RAND 11BAR | 2001 - Boiler | model ATTSU RL-400/12 - Forklift | model NICHIYU FB18PN-55-450 PS PL | 1999

Condition: good (used), Two-speed motor Knjdpfxoz Aflhe Anxjb Spindle shank diameter: Ø30 mm Vertical spindle travel: 150 mm Maximum milling cutter diameter: Ø250 mm Spindle speeds: 3000 / 4000 / 6000 / 7800 rpm Motor power: 3.1 / 2.4 kW Table dimensions: 670 x 940 mm

Condition: like new (used), Tower clamping system TS 125 Magnum Jaw width 125 mm Clamping ranges: 1 x 476 mm 2 x 226 mm 4 x 108 mm Overall height 780 mm Clamping stroke per clamping slide 64 mm Clamping force 40 kN Price: 7,850.00 € + VAT Item 2 4 hydraulic clamping cylinders Jaw width 125 mm Overall length 400 mm Price per unit 850.00 € + VAT Price for 4 units 3,000.00 EUR + VAT Item 6 Preci Tool NC, Type 125 Jaw width 125 mm Overall length 430 Only 1 fixed jaw Price: upon request Item 8 HILMA machine vise with rotary table Mechanical/hydraulic Clamping force 40 daN Jaw width 125 mm Overall length 430 mm Price: 850.00 € + VAT Item 9 HILMA machine vise Mechanical/hydraulic Clamping force 50 daN Jaw width 160 mm Overall length 550 mm Price: 900.00 € + VAT Item 10 HILMA machine vise Mechanical/hydraulic Clamping force 25 daN Jaw width 100 mm Overall length 380 mm Price: 650.00 € + VAT Item 11 HILMA machine vise with rotary table Mechanical/hydraulic Clamping force 40 daN Jaw width 125 mm Overall length 430 mm Price: 850.00 € + VAT Item 12 HILMA machine vise with rotary table Mechanical/hydraulic Clamping force 50 daN Jaw width 160 mm Overall length 620 mm Price: 1,050.00 € + VAT Item 26 HILMA machine vise (trade fair model) Jaw width 125 mm Overall length 430 mm Price: upon request Item 28 HILMA machine vise Mechanical/hydraulic Clamping force 25 daN Knsdpfxsidl Rrj Anxob Jaw width 100 mm Overall length 570 mm Price: 700.00 € + VAT Item 32 Clamping angle Clamping surface 160 x 420 mm Price: 150.00 € + VAT Item 33 Clamping angle with HILMA clamping cylinder Jaw width 125 and load cell Price: 450.00 € + VAT

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, warranty duration: 12 months, 1x Focus S70 CPO The item is used, factory-refurbished, newly calibrated, and certified. Scope of delivery: 1x Focus S70, measurement rate up to 976,000 points per second, HDR photography, GPS, compass, altimeter (barometer), two-axis compensator and WLAN, protection class IP54, 1x battery, 1x charging cradle, 1x 90W power supply, 1x 32GB SD card, 1x SD card reader, 1x SD card case, sturdy transport case, calibration certificate, 1-year manufacturer's warranty, quick-start guide. On-site registration, accuracy +/-1mm. Knedpfxeq Tpumj Anxob

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number: 8082 TECHNICAL DATA - max. main blade diameter 400mm - main blade adjustable up/down and at an angle - spindle diameter 30mm Kodpfx Aozwf Raenxjnb - spindle locking - with a crosscut fence - crosscut fence length 3200mm - cutting width with fence 1300mm - with a side fence - with a scoring saw - max. scoring saw diameter 120mm - scoring saw motor 0.75kW - main motor 5.5kW - 4 speed settings 2500/3250/5000/6500 rpm - table dimensions 1300x710mm - table extension 2130x1350mm - blade guard - dust extraction port diameter 80mm, 120mm - dimensions (L/W/H) 3500x3700x1500mm - weight 1193kg ADVANTAGES - Made in Poland - with a scoring saw - unpainted - used saw, very good condition Net price: 11900 PLN Net price: 2833 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices may vary due to significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, sheet thickness (max.): 13 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 13 mm, mount diameter: 3,000 mm, For sale: Pullmax F13C forming machine for steel bottoms/ends. The machine is in good condition and ready for operation. Inspection possible. Maximum bottom thickness: 13 mm. Knodjzrt Aajpfx Anxsb Maximum diameter: 3000 mm. Included: - Upper forming roll R50 and R30, - Lower forming roll R50.

Condition: excellent (used), Four-jaw chuck Arowa No.8 Knsdsvx Acyepfx Anxeb (28592) Diameter 250 mm Through hole 68 mm Weight 20 kg

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: A25-S5-22-48417, input voltage: 230 V, overall weight: 51 kg, Dear Sir or Madam, Knjdpfx Aezxn E Nsnxob We are selling: FARO Quantum S MAX 2.5 m, year of manufacture 2022, fully functional, current calibration available, including CAM2 Probing Edition with an unlimited CAM2 license and USB dongle, complete with all accessories. - Arm reach: 2.5 m - Number of axes: 7 Sale only to business customers; no warranty. Equipment: - Calibration kit - Transport case - Mounting plate - 3 mm and 6 mm iProbes - USB cable - Power cord 230 V - Rechargeable battery - Mount G3+, magnetic holder 150 mm - Measuring software CAM2 Probing Edition 1, unlimited license for CAM2 - USB dongle, single-user license Please contact us if you have any questions.

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 8035 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width 640mm - 4-knife shaft - max. thickness of workpiece on the thicknesser 250mm - max. thickness of workpiece on the side heads (3-sided) 110mm – from above: - ejectors - toothed infeed shaft - pressure pad - planing shaft - pressure pad - smooth outfeed shaft - pressure pad at the output – from below: - guide strip - adjustable rollers in the lower bed, 2 pcs – from the rear: - side spindles + pressure pad, 2 pcs - spindle height 110mm - spindle diameter 30mm - spindles adjustable left/right, up/down - motors for side spindles 2x4kW - main motor 7.5kW - 3 feed speed settings - electric bed lifting - dust extraction port 2x110mm - overall dimensions (L/W/H) 1650x1500x1210mm - weight 1370kg ADVANTAGES – Polish production – shaft for 4 knives – used planer, very good condition Ksdpfx Aszu Sgpenxjnb Net price: 23,900 PLN Net price: 5,690 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices may change due to significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7914 TECHNICAL DATA - roller width 640mm - number of knives 4 pcs - max thickness of the workpiece 250mm – from above: - pawls/ejectors - toothed infeed roller, pulling - pressure roller - planing roller - pressure roller - smooth outfeed roller, pulling – from below: - adjustable rollers in the lower bed 2 pcs - motor 7.5kW - electric bed lifting - lifting motor 1.1kW - 2 types of feed speed - feed motor 1.3kW - dimensions L/W/H 1130x1300x1200mm - weight 1026kg ADVANTAGES – manufactured by the Polish brand JAROMA – electric bed lifting – DTR documentation – used thicknesser, very good condition Knodpfxjzu R Hno Anxjb Net price: 15900 PLN Net price: 3786 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.2 EUR (Prices may change due to significant fluctuations)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 10 h, machine/vehicle number: Parmel_06202P&C, type of input current: three-phase, total width: 2,200 mm, input voltage: 400 V, working width: 1,600 mm, YORK Single-Sheet Cradle / Feeder Ksdpfxsyh R Hte Anxsnb The YORK single-sheet cradle features a top-twist material feeding system that allows the material to enter the automatic cutter directly, ensuring a continuous and efficient production flow. Precision and Technology The YORK single-sheet cradle/ feeder is equipped with a full-color multilingual touchscreen control panel and dedicated control software for accurate and intuitive operation. The system can be electronically synchronized with virtually any automatic cutting machine, providing precise feeding control, reliable performance, and seamless integration into automated production lines.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, Garos GBT300 Tote bin tumbler Kodpfxjy H Hr Ts Anxonb 2018, Stainless, tote bin mixer, the complete answer for tumbling, mixing, coating and marinating, HMI touch screen controls with programmable cycles, 3Ph

Condition: excellent (used), HSS saw grinder Businaro model Rekord Control Knodpfxjwyc Hge Anxsb

Condition: refurbished (used), REKORD 400 MODIFIED WITH TANK AND COOLANT SYSTEM SHARPENING MACHINE FOR CIRCULAR BLADES IN HARD METAL (CARBIDE) AND HSS SAWS (FULL OIL PROCESSING.) FEATURES Wheel diameter …………… ... 150. Wheel motor …………… .. HP 1 0.25 HP sharpening box movement motor Cooling system (FULL OIL) Kedpfx Anoh A N R Sjxsnb Electronic cam reading system (SLOW CONTROLLED BACK FINISHING) Magnifying glass lamp (FOR SMALL TEETH) Sharpening speed electronically adjustable by potentiometer. Manual cutting degrees setting by means of a graduated rod. N ° 1 copy disc N ° 1 diamond wheel diameter 150 x 4 - 60 ° degrees. N ° 1 Bakelite wheel for HSS Minimum blade diameter …………… ..mm. 30 (with small blade holder on request) Maximum blade diameter …………… mm. 400

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008579, Work shaft length: 100 mm Motor power: 5.9 KW Tilting shaft: yes Knjdpfxozylwro Anxjb

Year of construction: 2002, condition: like new (used), Panaroma Knjdpfx Aed R D Tvonxob AT400 Pasta stacking and cutting machine 2002, Stainless stacking and cutting machine, 400mm width, designed to roll, to dust, to cut and to overcome the pasta sheet layers, suitable for lasagne or tagliatelle. Output up to 100Kg / hour, variable speed, with timer, 3ph, mobile

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number: 8053 TECHNICAL DATA - Shaft width: 410mm - Noise-reducing comb - Number of knives: 4 pcs - Table length: 2000mm - Cast iron tables - Both tables are adjustable - Original, adjustable angled guide - Motor: 4kW - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2000x900x1300mm - Weight: 610kg ADVANTAGES - Made in Poland - Top control panel - 4-knife shaft - Used jointer Ksdpfx Asztzknonxsnb - Very good condition Net price: 6900 PLN Net price: 1643 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices may vary due to exchange rate fluctuations)