Used Nippon J-75 for sale (11,299)

Condition: excellent (used), The ZEVATRON HTT 75/300 is a professional soldering station designed for automatic dip soldering of electronic components, wires, and sub-assemblies that require a repeatable soldering process. The unit is equipped with two independent soldering pots with electronic temperature control, an automatic working manipulator, and a control panel with a touch screen for programming operating parameters. The machine was manufactured in Germany in 2016 and is used in the production of electronics, research and development laboratories, and industrial plants. The working enclosure is equipped with a protective cover and a port for connecting a fume extraction system. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: ZEVATRON GmbH Model: HTT 75/300 Type: Tischlötautomat (automatic soldering station) Year of manufacture: 07/2016 Power supply: 230 V / 50 Hz Laodszmap Aopfx Afwjf Power: 920 W Rated current: 4.0 A Two independent soldering pots (Soldering Bath A and Soldering Bath B) Two electronic temperature controllers Operator panel with touch screen Programmable operating parameters Automatic manipulator for immersing parts Emergency stop button (E-STOP) Port for connecting a fume extraction system Operating manual included

Condition: excellent (used), mileage: 353,593 km, power: 132 kW (179.47 HP), first registration: 01/2012, fuel type: diesel, tire size: 215/75R17.5, axle configuration: 4x2, wheelbase: 4,200 mm, fuel: diesel, fuel tank capacity: 200 l, brakes: intarder, color: white, driver cabin: day cab, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro5, suspension: air, number of seats: 2, total length: 8,420 mm, total width: 2,350 mm, total height: 2,550 mm, permissible axle load (axle 1): 3,400 kg, permissible axle load (axle 2): 5,600 kg, Year of construction: 2012, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, central locking, cruise control, electric window regulation, power assisted steering, power mirror, traction control, trailer coupling, Technical information Number of cylinders: 4 Engine capacity: 4.580 cc Axle configuration Tyre size: 215/75R17.5 Brakes: disc brakes Front axle: Max. axle load: 3400 kg; Steering; Tyre profile left: 90%; Tyre profile right: 90% Rear axle: Max. axle load: 5600 kg; Tyre profile left inner: 80%; Tyre profile left outer: 80%; Tyre profile right outer: 80%; Tyre profile right outer: 80% Weights Empty weight: 4.835 kg Carrying capacity: 2.655 kg GVW: 7.490 kg Functional Make of bodywork: TIJHOF Max. number of cars: 1 Height of cargo floor: 89 cm Maintenance APK (MOT): tested until 04/2027 Condition Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good Damages: none Identification Registration number: BZ-SG-41 Additional information Please contact Moussa or Youssef for more information Laedpfxjy Duz Ds Afwjf = Additional options and accessories = - Air suspension - Air Suspension Seats - Coupling - Radio/Cd/Audio system - Spare wheel - Toolbox - Twin wheel axle - Visor - Winch = Remarks = VIDEO: Very beautiful and neat MAN TGL 8.180 4X2 4.6 180 hp Euro 5 Tijhof Flatbed Truck Platform dimensions: L. 648 cm / W. 231 cm loading height: 89 cm Fixed fifth wheel with air connection / 13,915 kg GVW 7,490 kg ( Driving license C / C1 ) Payload: 2,655 kg Ramsey winch with remote control 353,000 km Fully dealer maintained Technically and visually in like-new condition

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, Stratasys 3D Printer PolyJet J750 With the Stratasys J750 3D printer, you can optimize and streamline the process of manufacturing models using various materials on a single build platform within the same print job. During the design phase, you can assign colors to different components of a model. The model can then be saved as a VRML file and printed with the desired colors. Ongoing maintenance package until June 2026, including spare parts, is included. The Stratasys J750 3D printer offers a build volume of 490 mm x 390 mm x 200 mm (19.3 x 15.35 x 7.8 in). AC Power Connection 100–120 VAC, 50–60 Hz, 13.5 A, single-phase Or 220–240 VAC, 50–60 Hz, 7 A, single-phase Technical Details Overall length: 1,400 mm Overall height: Ledpeyly Auefx Afwoaf 1,100 mm Overall width: 1,260 mm Input current type: Alternating current (AC) Total weight: 430 kg Input voltage: 230 V Input current: 13 A Input frequency: 50–60 Hz Ambient temperature (min): 18 °C Ambient temperature (max): 25 °C Applications - Rapid prototyping - Concept models - Medical models - Tooling and fixtures - Coloured textures

Condition: used, J-Tec Big Bag Discharge Station Bigbag Discharge stations for big bags with vibrating hopper Height adjustable Max big bag dimensions: 120cm x 120cm x 280cm Overall dimensions: 180cm x 180cm x 345-500cm Lajdpfx Asy Nttpjfwsf Material: Steel See our other listings

Condition: used, J-Tec product silo discharge cabinet Entirely made of stainless steel Year of manufacture: 2018 Equipped with load cells and a supporting frame (load cells are defective) Equipped with a vibrating base and a stainless steel butterfly valve Equipped with a pneumatic bunker vibrator and a level sensor See our other listings Ledpfx Aozc Icdsfwoaf VMA Wekerom

Condition: good (used), Progres Industriel Jones & Lamson lathe Type: Senna 1H Turning diameter bed: 520 mm Turning diameter bed max: 780 mm Turning diameter support: 380 mm Turning length: 3500 mm Spindle bore: 70 mm Speed: 1800 RPM Laodpfx Asncc H Hefwjf Diameter faceplate type 3: 315 mm Diameter faceplate type 4: 310 and 440 mm Included tools, documentation and coolant pump Dimensions: 525x115x134 cm LxWxH

Condition: used, mileage: 169,232 km, power: 235 kW (319.51 HP), first registration: 04/2008, fuel type: diesel, empty load weight: 11,750 kg, maximum load weight: 6,250 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 4x2, wheelbase: 3,900 mm, brakes: engine braking, color: orange, driver cabin: day cab, gearing type: mechanical, emission class: euro4, suspension: steel-air, number of seats: 2, operating hours: 6,694 h, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, cabin, crane, differential lock, immobilizer system, onboard computer, power assisted steering, seat heater, soot filter, traction control, * German vehicle * First owner * Documentation available * Original 169,232 km * Only 6,694 operating hours * Previously owned by a municipal authority * Condition: see photos * Müller Jetmaster F75V * Including remote control * 7,500-liter water tank * High-pressure flushing vehicle for sewer and pipe cleaning * Versatile * Pipe cleaning up to DN 150 * Sewer cleaning up to DN 800 * Large-profile cleaner for pipes larger than DN 800 * Landfill and culvert cleaning * Industrial cleaning * Special applications * High-pressure three-plunger pump Uraca P 3-45/65 * 340 liters/minute possible * 140 bar working pressure * 87 kW * 552 Nm torque * Fully equipped electric hose reel with DN 25, extendable/retractable * Fully equipped electric hose reel with DN 19 high-pressure hose * Additional small reel with DN 19 for high-pressure hose lance * Müller swivel crane with cable winch * 1,000 kg load capacity * Various storage compartments * Work lights * Rotating beacons * On MAN TGA chassis * Long, comfortable cab with sliding doors * Air conditioning Ljdpfezgxaasx Afwjaf * Refrigerator * 2 air-suspended comfort seats * Each with seat heating * 8-speed manual transmission * Electric windows * Electric, heated mirrors * Cruise control * Electric engine brake * Radio cassette * Sunroof * Leaf spring - air suspension + raising/lowering * Wheelbase 3.90 m * Gross vehicle weight 18,000 kg * Unladen weight 11,750 kg * Payload 7,250 kg If a new TÜV inspection is desired, we will be happy to provide you with a quote from our partner workshops. Our offer generally does not include a new TÜV inspection, a new DGUV, a new SP, or a new UVV. You can find more trucks on our website at: We speak the following languages: German, English, Polish, Turkish Note: We offer and strongly recommend an inspection and examination of the goods so that the buyer does not have any false impressions about the condition and suitability. Inspection and examinations are possible and expressly desired at any time by appointment. All information is without guarantee. We are not liable for errors and incorrect information in the offer. The buyer is obliged to independently verify the condition and equipment of the goods/vehicles. Subject to changes, prior sale, and errors.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 208 h, fuel type: electric, Drivetrain Drive: Wheel Weights Empty weight: 980 kg Functional Lifting capacity: 227 kg Working height: 675 cm CE mark: yes Condition General condition: average Lasdpfx Afszmlvbjwjf Technical condition: average Visual appearance: average Other information Remanufactured: Yes Transport dimensions (LxWxH): (L/B/H): 1,37 m / 0,70 m / 1,90 m Additional information Please contact Tobias Mayr for more information

Condition: used, J-Tec product silo discharge cabinet Made entirely of stainless steel Equipped with a pneumatic bunker vibrator and level sensor Lajdpfjzcd Ezsx Afwsf See our other listings VMA Wekerom

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 196 h, fuel type: electric, Drivetrain Drive: Wheel Weights Empty weight: 980 kg Functional Lifting capacity: 227 kg Working height: 675 cm CE mark: yes Condition General condition: average Technical condition: average Visual appearance: average Other information Remanufactured: Yes Transport dimensions (LxWxH): (L/B/H): 1,37 m / 0,70 m / 1,90 m Laodpfszkyckox Afwef Additional information Please contact Tobias Mayr for more information

Condition: used, This listing is for the J Engelsmann Jolting Volumeter STAV 11 with an Acoustic Hood The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use Engelsmann Jolting Volumeter STAV 11) — a compact laboratory instrument used to assess the tamped density and volumes of bulk solids before and after compaction. The Jolting Volumeter STAV II, produced by J. Engelsmann AG, is a laboratory device engineered to measure the apparent (pre-compaction) and tapped (post-compaction) volumes of bulk materials—such as powders, granulates, and fibrous products—thus enabling calculation of tamped or tapped density Compliance with standards: Supports analysis in line with European Pharmacopoeia, DIN ISO 787 Part 11, ISO 3953, ISO 8967, and ASTM B 527-93 Adjustable tamping mechanism: Allows custom setting of the number of jolting strokes deviating from default programs Measurement cylinders: Compatible with a range from 10 ml to 1000 ml, with 250 ml typically standard; cylinders are interchangeable and secured via a strong retaining ring and gasket Ljdpjxhdynofx Afwsaf Ease of use and cleaning: Designed with a modern, rounded “soft design” that’s easy to clean and operate via a user-friendly display and control unit Optional accessories: Can be fitted with a sound-absorption hood for quieter operation

Condition: used, This listing is for the J Engelsmann Jolting Volumeter STAV 11 The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use Engelsmann Jolting Volumeter STAV 11) — a compact laboratory instrument used to assess the tamped density and volumes of bulk solids before and after compaction. The Jolting Volumeter STAV II, produced by J. Engelsmann AG, is a laboratory device engineered to measure the apparent (pre-compaction) and tapped (post-compaction) volumes of bulk materials—such as powders, granulates, and fibrous products—thus enabling calculation of tamped or tapped density Compliance with standards: Supports analysis in line with European Pharmacopoeia, DIN ISO 787 Part 11, ISO 3953, ISO 8967, and ASTM B 527-93 Adjustable tamping mechanism: Allows custom setting of the number of jolting strokes deviating from default programs Lodpfx Afoxhd E Rowsaf Measurement cylinders: Compatible with a range from 10 ml to 1000 ml, with 250 ml typically standard; cylinders are interchangeable and secured via a strong retaining ring and gasket Ease of use and cleaning: Designed with a modern, rounded “soft design” that’s easy to clean and operate via a user-friendly display and control unit Optional accessories: Can be fitted with a sound-absorption hood for quieter operation

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2010, load capacity: 250 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 25,500 mm, overall weight: 5,050 kg, transport length: 7,500 mm, transport width: 1,110 mm, transport height: 2,180 mm, fuel type: hybrid, color: red, OMME 2750 RXBDJ Articulated telescopic work platform on a tracked chassis with combined battery/diesel drive Max. working height 27.50 m Max. reach 15.50 m Max. lifting capacity 250 kg Climbing ability 19 degrees Drive: Kubota diesel engine 18.8 hp and battery 24 V / 200 Ah 5h Color: red Special features: bright tracks, automatic leveling system, power transformer Features: - Removable basket - Rotating basket +/- 41 degrees - Variable outriggers - Basket size 1.25 x 0.80 m - 230 V connection in the basket UVV inspection performed upon delivery, newly and technically revised. Available from the Langenhagen warehouse. Lsdpfxezd D Azs Afweaf All information regarding the machine is without guarantee. Typographical errors, errors and prior sale are subject to change.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, resolution (max.): 360 dpi, paper width (min.): 290 mm, paper width (max.): 750 mm, paper height (min.): 360 mm, paper height (max.): 1,200 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Production Speed Production speed, UV spot coating: max. 3,123 ISO-B2 sheets/hour Production speed, Evo 75: max. 4,200 ISO-B2 sheets/hour Production speed, Evo 75: max. 2,291 ISO-B1 sheets/hour Production speed, hot foil embossing: max. 2,300 B2 sheets/hour Format and Printing Area Paper width: min. 290 mm Paper width: max. 750 mm Paper height: min. 360 mm Paper height: max. 1,200 mm Sheet format: min. 420 mm × 297 mm Sheet format: max. 750 mm × 1,200 mm Printable width: max. 540 mm or 730 mm Hot foil embossing area: max. 740 mm × 1,190 mm Resolution Resolution max.: 360 dpi Material Thicknesses and Basis Weights Material basis weight: min. 135 g/m² Material basis weight: max. 800 g/m² Material thickness before printing and lamination: min. 150 µm Material thickness before printing and lamination: max. 800 µm Material thickness for hot foil embossing: min. 150 µm Material thickness for hot foil embossing, standard version: max. 600 µm Material thickness for hot foil embossing, optional: max. 800 µm Foil Rolls Foil roll diameter: max. approx. 300 mm Foil roll length: 400–2,000 m Number of foil rolls that can be used simultaneously: max. 5 Foil roll width: min. 100 mm Laodpfx Aezrfh Iofwjf Standard core diameter: 1 inch MACHINE DETAILS Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 12,720 x 1,860 x 1,840 mm Weight: approx. 4,524 kg EQUIPMENT iFOIL-L module for hot foil finishing Evo-75 version for sheet formats up to 750 mm × 1,200 mm Holder for up to five foil rolls on one shaft Quick-change core for 1-inch foil rolls

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, empty load weight: 217 kg, total length: 621 mm, construction height: 625 mm, construction width: 281 mm, Drive battery Ledpfx Ajzfbv Usfwoaf Battery voltage: 24V Battery Ah: 375Ah Battery manufacturer: AIM Battery type: PzS Battery year of manufacture: 2022 Battery condition: 80 - 100% Description: Capacity 80%. If you have any further questions, please feel free to call us. In addition to this model, we have approximately 150 other forklifts in stock. Please feel free to browse our website at fleischmann-foerdertechnik. We would be happy to provide you with a quote for leasing and financing, as well as delivery at favorable conditions. We can also accept Linde equipment as a trade-in – even if you do not purchase a device from us. The stated operating hours were recorded as of the date of listing. Subject to prior sale, changes and errors.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, empty load weight: 1,071 kg, total length: 827 mm, construction height: 627 mm, construction width: 735 mm, Traction battery Battery voltage: 48V Battery capacity: 750Ah Battery manufacturer: Hoppecke Battery type: PzS Ljdpfx Ajzfbvzofwoaf Battery year of manufacture: 2019 Battery condition: 80 - 100% Description: Suitable for Linde E 16L, E 18 L, E 20 L BR 386 and other models. Includes Aquamatik, cables and connectors. Capacity 85%. Price includes the return of an old battery.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2022, machine/vehicle number: 2443718, power: 18.24 kW (24.80 HP), load capacity: 272 kg, lifting height: 13,750 mm, platform length: 2,440 mm, platform width: 910 mm, overall weight: 7,160 kg, transport length: 8,830 mm, transport width: 2,290 mm, transport height: 2,920 mm, fuel type: diesel, tire size: 10 x 31, color: red, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2022 Engine: Diesel 18.5 kW (24.8 HP) Working height: 15.75 m Platform height: 13.75 m Lateral outreach: 12.10 m Working outreach: 12.75 m Platform size (L x W): 0.91 m x 2.44 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 8.83 m x 2.29 m x 2.40 m Slew range: 360° Platform rotation: 170° Ledpfx Afeyqz H Eewsaf Load capacity: 272 kg / 454 kg Basket length: 1.52 m Weight: 7,160 kg Gradeability: 40% Driving speed: 4.0 km/h General signs of use, fully functional

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: 2441768, load capacity: 317 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 9,750 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,302 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 1,880 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, Technical Data Lodpoyzpapofx Afweaf Year of manufacture: 2019 Engine: Electric Working height: 11.75 m Platform height: 9.75 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.24 m Weight: 2,302 kg Capacity: 317 kg Capacity with load distribution: 204 kg Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Gradeability: 25% Fully functional, general signs of use.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: 2441718, load capacity: 317 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 9,750 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,302 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 1,880 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2019 Engine: Electric Working height: 11.75 m Platform height: 9.75 m Laedpoyqy Tqsfx Afwof Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.24 m Weight: 2,302 kg Capacity: 317 kg Capacity with load distribution: 204 kg Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Gradeability: 25% Fully functional, general signs of use.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: 2441708, load capacity: 317 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 9,750 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,302 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 1,880 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2019 Engine: Electric Working height: 11.75 m Platform height: 9.75 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.24 m Weight: 2,302 kg Capacity: 317 kg Lasdeyqy Tkspfx Afwef Capacity with load distribution: 204 kg Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Gradeability: 25% Fully functional, general signs of use.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, machine/vehicle number: 2441308, load capacity: 317 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 9,750 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,302 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 1,880 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2018 Motor: Electric Working height: 11.75 m Platform height: 9.75 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.24 m Weight: 2,302 kg Ledpfx Afeyzpaiswsaf Load capacity: 317 kg Load capacity with load distribution: 204 kg Driving speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Climbing ability: 25% Fully functional, normal signs of wear

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, machine/vehicle number: 2441268, load capacity: 317 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 9,750 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,302 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 1,880 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2018 Motor: Electric Working height: 11.75 m Platform height: 9.75 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.24 m Weight: 2,302 kg Load capacity: 317 kg Load capacity with load distribution: 204 kg Driving speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Climbing ability: 25% Fully functional, normal signs of wear Ljdjzf A Swspfx Afwoaf

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, machine/vehicle number: 2441068, load capacity: 204 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 9,750 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,302 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 2,240 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16 x 5 x 12, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2017 Engine: Electric Working height: 11.75 m Platform height: 9.75 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.24 m Weight: 2,302 kg Load capacity: 317 kg Load capacity with load distribution: 204 kg Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Climbing ability: 25% Ledpfx Afoyzngzjwjaf Fully functional, normal signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, machine/vehicle number: 2441058, load capacity: 204 kg, lifting height: 9,750 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,302 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 2,240 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16 x 5 x 12, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2017 Engine: Electric Working height: 11.75 m Platform height: 9.75 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Lsdpfxsyqzgxj Afweaf Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.24 m Weight: 2,302 kg Load capacity: 317 kg Load capacity with load distribution: 204 kg Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Climbing ability: 25% Fully functional, normal signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, machine/vehicle number: 2440988, load capacity: 317 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 9,750 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,302 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 1,230 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2017 Engine: Electric Working height: 11.75 m Platform height: 9.75 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.24 m Weight: 2,302 kg Load capacity: 317 kg Load capacity with load distribution: 204 kg Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Lajdpfx Asyqy Tdefwof Climbing ability: 25% Fully functional, normal signs of use