Used Optimizer for sale (3,293)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: SK-K-24001, Optimizing cross-cut saw line with scanner Manufacturer: Dimter Type: OptiCut 450 Year of manufacture: 2015 Item no.: SK-K-24001 DIMTER cross-cut saw line with 1 x OptiCut 450 Iijdpswya Syefx Ag Usc and F 100 feeding system with LuxScan CombiScan+ C 200 and curvature measurement The line was in operation until 2024, has been professionally dismantled and can be viewed.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, New Machine Iodpow Tfxwsfx Ag Ujic Year of manufacture: 2025 Equipment and technical specifications: - Base unit: Vertical panel saw SECTOR 1257, cutting height 2200 mm x cutting length 5300 mm - PowerPackage 400V incl. TRK extraction system, SuperCut scoring unit, digital vertical readout, stepless speed control (9 kW power) - Strip stop for repeat horizontal cuts, millimeter scale, max. strip height 650 mm - Alignment laser - Cut optimization package incl. touchscreen on operator panel Availability: Short-term Location: Flörsheim

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, TRV 2200: The Perfect Optimizer for Companies Aiming to Stay Competitive The TRV 2200 is the most produced optimizer with the best quality/price ratio in its category, designed to radically transform the production cycles of companies. Here’s why it’s the ideal choice for those seeking superior performance, reliability, and innovation: Unbeatable Speed: With a speed limited to 300 ml/min, the TRV 2200 provides a rapid and smooth workflow, maintaining consistent efficiency. Maximum Precision: Ideal for cutting finished profiles, it guarantees a level of precision that meets even the most demanding requirements. Modular Design: The modular structure allows for customization that perfectly adapts to the needs of every company, optimizing space and production flows. Multi-accessorized: Equipped with numerous accessories for every need, offering unparalleled versatility. Excellent for Every Sector: Whether it's furniture, construction, or woodworking, TRV 2200 is a guaranteed success. Global Efficiency and Industry-Leading Performance Cut, optimize, and revolutionize your production processes: TRV 2200 is already the preferred choice for companies worldwide, which purchase it in series to enhance their competitiveness. This is thanks to minimal maintenance due to the elimination of dynamic components and passive transmissions, and a robust and reliable structure that ensures long-lasting results. Advanced Software Features: Over 100 customized cutting plans: widths, quality, and multiple options to optimize the process. Ijdpfx Asv Iqdqsg Ueic Optimization choices between various modes: Commercial value, Waste, Quantity, Length, and Mixed Optimization. Optimization simulation to predict results before production. Accurate control of processed quantities to continuously monitor efficiency. Internal optimization within the machine body, simplifying the process and recovering valuable space. High-Quality Cutting Unit: Tested conveyor drive system without engaging parts, combined with rubber anti-slip pressure wheels for universal use on various materials. High precision cutting, even with wet and curved boards, thanks to the use of durable materials that ensure constant speed and quality. Sectors Where TRV 2200 Excels: Semi-finished furniture components Parquet Windows and doors Laminated boards, slats, and structures Doors, frames, skirting boards, and construction Don’t miss the opportunity to discover how TRV 2200 can transform your production cycle. Watch the video to see its exceptional performance in action!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, TRSI Monoblock Integrated Pusher – The Top of the Range in Europe If you are looking for an innovative, fast, and reliable automatic optimizing crosscut saw, the TRSI is the ideal choice. Fully customizable to meet your specific needs, it is designed for fixed-length or optimized cutting, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. Ideal for Various Industries Packaging – Precise cutting of single boards or bundles, also perfect for trimming plugs. Windows and Doors – Advanced optimization to select quality and defects, minimizing waste. Furniture – Millimetric precision for cutting finished semi-finished products with maximum quality. Flooring and Parquet – High-precision cutting for wooden flooring applications. Cutting-Edge Technology The TRSI is equipped with an advanced programming software that simplifies operations and optimizes production processes: Fixed-Length Cutting: Predefined sequences for repetitive and precise machining. Optimized Cutting: OL Version: Length-based optimization to minimize waste. E Version: Full optimization with defect elimination to maximize yield. Customizable Optimization Priorities: Choose between commercial value, waste reduction, quantity, length, or a mixed strategy. Immediate Integration with company management systems without additional interfaces. Online Remote Assistance for continuous technical support. Intuitive HD Touchscreen with USB data import capability. Iijdsv Iqcmopfx Ag Uec Industrial CNC Computer ensuring uninterrupted production. Ultra-Precise and Fast Movement High-speed pusher system on steel linear guides with ball recirculation and double carriage, ensuring smooth and precise movements. High-performance brushless motors for superior speed and reliability. Reinforced structure for flawless movement, eliminating vibrations and slippage. Protected stroke with visible pneumatic lifting, allowing maximum control in every cutting phase. Powerful and Reliable Cutting Unit Robust aligner with integrated silent blower for a more comfortable working environment. Pneumatic pressure system on linear guides with ball recirculation for perfect holding. Multiple rubberized wheels with oil-bath clutch, ensuring maximum grip and preventing slippage. Accessories to Maximize Productivity Custom loaders to eliminate downtime and boost efficiency. Manual and automatic printers for clear and precise marking of semi-finished products. Optimized unloading systems tailored to specific processing needs. Trust Cursal for Uncompromising Production Efficiency With the TRSI, your company can achieve unprecedented levels of efficiency and precision. Discover our accessories, loaders, and unloaders to customize your system and optimize every stage of the cutting process. Contact us today for a customized consultation and take your production to the next level.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, machine/vehicle number: TRV 2000 Ø700R, High-Speed Optimization in Sawmills: TRV 2000 Makes It Possible! Discover TRV 2000, the perfect optimizer for both planed and unplaned boards, designed to deliver high precision, large cutting capacity, and incredible speed. A perfect combination of performance that will revolutionize your sawmill's workflow! Advanced Technology for Outstanding Results Iijdpfxev Ip U Ie Ag Uec The TRV 2000 is equipped with the tried-and-tested CURSAL software, the technological core powering other optimizer series as well. This software is the ideal solution to speed up the production process, optimizing logs by recovering the lateral part, which traditional machines cannot efficiently utilize. It synchronizes perfectly with the multi-blade system to complete the cycle efficiently. With a feed speed of 150 m/min (auto-limited), thanks to the Brushless motor, TRV 2000 eliminates the risk of accumulations, maintaining a continuous flow that integrates seamlessly with the fastest log saws. Uncompromising Precision TRV 2000’s precision is so high that re-sawing after passing through the multi-blade system is unnecessary. Thanks to its innovative technology, it is ideal for optimizing medium-sized, precious woods, making it the perfect choice for those seeking flawless results. Superb Design and Functionality The machine body is equipped with a reliable feed system, enabling movement from right to left through 8 toothed rollers. Pneumatic pressure wheels are specifically designed for unplaned boards, and the in-line optimization capability within the monoblock of the cutting machine allows it to work on curved and twisted boards. Explore Incredible Performance Watch the video on the side and see how TRV 2000 can optimize your production with extraordinary performance. Ideal Applications: Semi-finished wood products for furniture Packaging industry Recovery of boards from the sides of the log Windows, construction, and flooring Laminated, planks, structures TRV 2000: The Ultimate Solution for Modern Sawmills.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, TRSI Automatic Saw: Power, Precision, and Optimization Isdov Iqddepfx Ag Ujic TRSI Ø600 Push-Feed Saw – 90° Cut: Perfect for Beech Sawing The TRSI Ø600 is an automatic optimizer push-feed saw, designed for cutting beech planks with constant thickness and variable width. Its modular monoblock structure and Ø600 blade make it ideal for high-precision operations. Key Features: Programmed and Optimized Cutting: Precise and repetitive operations, or optimization to reduce waste and maximize material yield. TRSI Ø700 Push-Feed Saw – 90° Cut: Beam and Packaging Cutting The TRSI Ø700 is designed for high-performance cutting of beams and packaging. With a Ø700 blade and a robust structure, it provides high productivity in both sawmills and packaging industries. Key Features: Programmed and Optimized Cutting: Maximizing material usage while minimizing waste. TRSI: The Customizable Solution for Every Sector The TRSI is the ideal automatic saw for companies seeking speed, reliability, and precision. Customizable to your needs, it fits perfectly into various production sectors. Advanced Technology: Advanced Software: Easy programming and process optimization. Full Integration: Compatible with your business systems. Remote Assistance: Technical support always available. Superior Performance: Ultra-Precise Movement: Rapid push-feed on ball screw guide for smooth and accurate cuts. Brushless Motors: High performance and reliability. Reinforced Structure: Guarantees smooth operation without vibrations. Accessories for Maximum Productivity: Customized Loaders: Reducing downtime. Manual and Automatic Printers: Clear marking of semi-finished products. Optimized Discharge Systems: For all types of processing. Trust Cursal for Innovation and Performance With the TRSI, you can achieve maximum efficiency and precision, customizing every aspect of the machine to optimize production flow. Contact us for a tailored consultation and take your production to new levels of quality.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1992, fully automatic programmable capping with additional line detection for defect capping via LUT system infeed belt 6 m Iiedjl H E Tajpfx Ag Uec 6 ejection stations total length 12 m The infeed belt is not running at the moment, probably because of the frequency converter.

Condition: excellent (used), Edging line edger with optimization PAUL AB920 - in a warehouse - German production - DTR - optimization of the cutting width - cross cut saw - automatic disc spacing TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: - max. workpiece width 920 mm - max. workpiece height 90 mm - max. workpiece length 6000 mm - main engine power 37 kW - disc diameter max. 300 mm Iisdpfjia Nypex Ag Usc - spindle diameter 60 mm - sleeve diameter 70 mm - fixed sleeve 60 mm long - floating sleeve for 1 disc - floating sleeve with a spindle 100 mm long - number of measuring heads 15 - spacing of measuring heads 350 mm - distance between the measuring heads - total feeder power 10 kW - cross-cut saw for cutting the material to a length of 2630 mm - saw leveling the material - cascade for transporting the board - hydraulic feed with smooth speed regulation - hydraulic material pressure - hydraulic material height adjustment

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, Metal Technika OWD 1600 Optimizer - manufactured in Poland - year of production 2017 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: - cutting width 250 mm - cutting height 120 mm - Capacity from 3 200 to 8 150 mb /8 h - sorting table with 5 knockouts - Electronics Controller with color touch screen display "MITSHUBISHI" - Features - full optimization of 30 dimensions in two quality classes, - creation of cutting programs for different customers, - cutting at the point of marking with fluorescent crayon, - margin cutting (beginning and end of the input material) - cutting in packages (several elements at once) - meters, total, shift, operator, monthly counters, - cutting accuracy ±0.2 mm Iedpfx Agsrx Rxps Ujic - Motor 5.5 KW (saw Ø500 - 140z) - Width of input mat 12 - 250 mm max. width / height ( 250 / 50 mm) - Height of input mat 12 - 120 mm max. h/w ( 120 / 130 mm) - Input mat length up to 4,200 mm - Lubrication Oil central lubrication system - Automation at the output Connection for slant conveyor and sorting table

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, Single-sided edge bander designed for precise and stable edging of solid wood and panel components (chipboard, MDF, laminate). The machine is conceived as a compact yet fully equipped solution for small- and medium-batch production, with an emphasis on edge processing quality. A robust cast iron frame ensures high rigidity and long-term geometric stability of the machine. It features a classic continuous conveyor with a pressure belt and a complete set of machining units for finishing the edge in a single pass. Technical configuration of the machine: - Pre-milling unit - Material pre-heating - Automatic EVA glue application - EVA glue roller - Front and rear end trimming saws Iijdpfeyfw Sysx Ag Ujc - Rough trimming unit - Corner rounding unit - Radius scraper - Glue scraper - Grooving unit - Brushing unit - Return conveyor

Condition: used, Optimization line Manufacturer: Weinig Model: OptiCut 350–4 R Year: 2001 Country of manufacture: Germany ⁠Complete with loading and unloading tables Iiedpfsy Dri Esx Ag Ujc

Year of construction: 2004, condition: excellent (used), Dimter optimization crosscut saw 350 with elevation AH 1400 mm crosscut see picture crosscut saw control cabinet Scanner interface sorting 6500 mm long 3 pushers Ijdponcc Icefx Ag Uoic Waste flap Machine is already dismantled and immediately available Machine ran without problems until dismantling Transport can be organized

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, Weinig Dimter OptiCut S 90 optimizer with 2 ejectors – after technical review – German production Isdpfxji Apgme Ag Ujic – year of manufacture 2005 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: max. length of cut material 4500 mm max. width 360mm max. height 160mm automatic length measurement optimization in 4 quality classes total power 13 kW blade motor power 7. 5 kW pneumatic side and top pressure disc diameter max. 500mm OptiCom Assist control receiving conveyor 5600 mm two ejectors total length 13 m component marking printer cutting accuracy +/- 0.5 mm transport dimensions (length / width / height) 600 / 240 / 190 cm weight ~ 1800 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1998, Optimizer GreCon Dimter OPTICUT 204 R - year of production 1998 - full optimization - cutting to a dash - width measurement - possibility of cutting aluminum TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: - max. cutting length 4,000 mm - min. element 200 mm - max. cutting height 100 mm - max. cutting width 260 mm - disc diameter 500 mm - engine power 9 kW - feed speed max. 160 m / min - acceleration 2 m / s2 - optimization in terms of length and value - pneumatic pressure of the material - three ejectors - dump tables - Rotary table - total length of 2000 cm Transport dimensions: - length 1300 cm - width 245 cm - height 220 cm Iisdpfeh Hfknsx Ag Uec - weight 3500 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, Sawmill Line Equipment for Sale Iedpfeyyv Udjx Ag Usic We are offering for sale part of a sawmill production line (the EWD band saw has already been sold). The following equipment is available: - Complete conveyor systems - Esterer edging saw (year of manufacture: 2000) - Multi-rip saw (250 kW German motor, year of manufacture: 1992) - SDOP 600/3 drum chipper (year of manufacture: 2010) - Full conveyor system for sorting sawdust and offcuts into the chipper The line has been in operation until 02/2026 and is fully functional. ✔ Available as a complete set or as individual machines. For more information, please contact us via email or WhatsApp.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, saw blade diameter: 700 mm, table width: 6,000 mm, OPTIMIZING AND DEFECTING CROSS-CUTTING LINE CURSAL MOD. TRV 2000E 700 SX Line configuration: - Motorized roller conveyor 6000 x 760 mm - Chain feeder with singulator (buffer magazine) for boards from 4500 mm up to 6000 mm, capacity 6 boards - Optimizing and defecting cross-cutting saw Cursal mod. TRV 2000 E 700 SX - Roller feed system - Blade diameter 700 mm - Max feed speed 150 m/min - Cutting section 480 x 65 mm - Cutting section 530 x 30 mm - With chalk defect marking system - Year 2015 - Outfeed conveyor belt 5000 x 600 mm - Bilateral overhead ejector - N. 2 transfer conveyors for semi-finished parts (1 right + 1 left) - N. 2 accumulation roller conveyors (1 right + 1 left) Iijdpfx Asywdx Seg Uoc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, No. 3177 Optimizing cross-cut system Grecon Dimter OptiCut 200-1 Used, year of construction 2007 For cross-cutting fixed lengths Wood dimensions to be processed: Input lengths min./max. 3000 - 5000 mm Input widths min./max. 80 - 200 mm Input thicknesses min./max. 38 - 80 mm Timber cross-sections max. 200 x 50 Final timber length min./max. 700 - 1000 mm Average number of cuts / board 5 Wood types: Softwood or hardwood Performance of the system: Feed speed max. 180 m/min, infinitely variable Time per cross-cutting process incl. brakes 0.7 - 1.2 s Position overview: Pos. 1: Infeed conveyor belt in front of saw Length 1.5 m coupled with feed motor of the saw Item 2: OptiCut 200-1 automatic cross-cut saw in left-hand design Iiodpfx Aeu Atmuog Uec With built-in length measuring wheel and built-in blow-out device for waste Graphics-capable input terminal, 1 / 4 VGA display, with numeric keypad and function keys, with OptiCom software package for system control The machine is fed from the left Pos. 3: Outfeed conveyor belt / sorting station with drive unit, without ejector Belt length approx. 1.5 m Machine already dismantled and stored The infeed table was not used by the previous owner. 2 feed rollers were installed for the material feed. The conveyor table is there, only the rubber belt is missing. Sale on behalf of customer, ex location Austria, without transportation and assembly Errors in description and price excepted Transportation and loading by us optionally possible To avoid possible misunderstandings, an on-site inspection by appointment is possible and recommended Sold as is Technical details, condition description, year of construction and scope of delivery according to manufacturer's brochure or previous owner, without guarantee Subject to prior sale For used machines, any warranty is excluded, the following applies: “purchased as seen” Images and videos serve as examples and do not represent the actual scope of delivery Terms of payment: Prices plus VAT, payment before collection or dispatch Terms of delivery: ex location

Condition: excellent (used), Optimizing cross-cut system GreCon type 2004 with infeed cross conveyor with outfeed conveyor with 4 ejectors Iiedjn Hwl Ajpfx Ag Usc with chain bed Technical specification: Max. width of workpieces: 250 mm Max. Thickness of workpieces: 80 mm Diameter of saw blade: 450 mm Cutting speed: 90 m/sec. Saw motor: 5,5 kW Control saw shaft: pneumatic Drive chain: servo motor Min. working width: 40 mm Min. input length: 500 mm Net weight: approx. 1.800 kg was overhauled and then no longer used Location: Austria, near Ried im Innkreis

Condition: excellent (used), maximum cutting width 250 mm feed table length 3 m outfeed table length 3 m year of manufacture 2003 Iiedpoyudbgjfx Ag Uec motor power approx. 2.2 kW power supply 400 V weight 600 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, Dimter / Weinig OptiCut 450 Quantum Optimizing Cross-Cut Saw Manufacturer: Dimter / Weinig Model: OptiCut 450 Quantum Year of manufacture: 2006 Isdpfoyu Uriox Ag Uoic Machine description: For sale: Dimter / Weinig OptiCut 450 Quantum optimizing cross-cut saw, year 2006, designed for high-speed and precise cross-cutting of timber with yield optimization. The Quantum version is one of the top models in the OptiCut 450 series and was developed for industrial use with extremely high output, precise positioning and reliable material transport. The machine is suitable for fixed-length cutting, defect cutting and production optimization. The OptiCut 450 series was designed for integration with scanners, sorting systems and automatic handling equipment. Typical Quantum features include VarioSpeed infeed, HighGrip feed rollers, an independent length measuring system and a servo-controlled intelligent waste gate. Technical data: - capacity: up to approx. 540 cuts/min - feed speed: approx. 300 – 415 m/min - maximum workpiece length: approx. 6.3 m - saw blade diameter: 450 mm - maximum cutting width: 235 mm - maximum cutting height: 100 mm - working height: 900 mm - motor: 7.5 kW - air consumption: approx. 1200 NL/min - cutting accuracy in the OptiCut 450 series: approx.± 0.8 mm Features / advantages: - extremely high cutting performance - high positioning accuracy - VarioSpeed system reducing gaps between boards - HighGrip rollers for secure material transport - servo-controlled waste gate - suitable for integration with scanners and sorting lines - proven Weinig / Dimter technology for continuous industrial production Condition: very good Note: Technical details may vary depending on the exact machine configuration, control version, handling equipment and installed options.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, Dimter / Weinig OptiCut 350 Optimizing Cross-Cut Saw Manufacturer: Dimter / Weinig Model: OptiCut 350 Year of manufacture: 2004 Machine description: For sale: Dimter / Weinig OptiCut 350 optimizing cross-cut saw, year 2004, designed for fast and precise cross-cutting of timber with optimization function. The OptiCut 350 belonged to Dimter’s high-performance series and was used for fixed length cutting, defect cutting and timber yield optimization. The machine is suitable for joinery shops, sawmills, pallet production, furniture components and general industrial timber processing. Depending on configuration, the machine may include optimization software, automatic infeed, loading stations and barcode optimization. Technical data: - Machine type: optimizing cross-cut saw - Maximum cutting height: approx. 120 mm - Maximum working cross section: approx. 235 x 12 mm or 120 x 100 mm - Minimum timber width: approx. 30 mm - Maximum feed speed: up to approx. 350 m/min - Infinitely variable feed: yes - Frequency-controlled cutting speed: yes - Saw motor power: 7.5 kW Iedpfx Aeyu Uq Ejg Ueic - Positioning accuracy: approx. 2 mm - Optimization program: yes Features and advantages: - High cutting performance - Automatic material positioning - Possibility of yield optimization - Proven Dimter / Weinig technology - Suitable for continuous production - Good solution for industrial timber processing Condition: good Note: Technical details may vary depending on the exact machine configuration, optional equipment, table length and control version.

Condition: used, DIMENSIONS: Ijdpfxjw E Eude Ag Uoic HEIGHT 100 mm WIDTH 270 mm ELECTRONIC PUSHER LENGTH 6100 mm SAW BLADE MOTOR 4 kW

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 467334, Manufacture year 2010 Machine specifications: - Push infeed, max. length 6300 mm - Automatic length measuring and chalk reader - Cutting width 40 – 420 mm - Cutting height 15 – 170 mm - Min. cross section 20 x 10 mm - Max. cross section 270 x 170 / 410 x 30 mm Iiodpfx Aeypvdijg Ujc - Motor 13.5 kW - Total electrical load approx. 22 kW -Operating pressure approx. 8 bar - Saw blade diameter 630 mm / bore 30 mm Consisting of: 1. Cross chain infeed system 8 pc. chain transport with 3 latch rows 2. Push infeed system with liftable pusher Infeed length 6300 mm, length detecting and chalk reader 3. OptiCom Direct controller 4. Opticut cross cut saw unit S90 XL With side pusher and waste gate 5. Outfeed transport belt

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, saw blade diameter: 800 mm, overall weight: 2,960 kg, 15 kW; 400 V; Isdpfxoygk Has Ag Ueic

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, UK's Best Selling Automatic Crosscut Saw Built to meet the precise standards of fine joinery while embodying the robust quality of a sawmill, the globally acclaimed TR500 saw unit boasts a distinguished history of over 400 installations in the UK and over 50 years of industry use. A key component within the TR platform, the TR500 stands out with its ever-present 7.5kW saw motor - a consistent feature across the entire Stromab range. Its variable speed cutting cycle allows the precise cutting of softwoods or hardwoods, accommodating dimensions of up to 135mm in height or 360mm in width, all managed by a single top clamping unit. Infeed: The industry standard rack and pinion system featured through the Stromab range allows timber lengths of up to 14m and up to 90kg to be push fed without additional rollers. Featuring a table incline of 8 degrees, automatic lifting pusher system and a positioning accuracy of 0.4mm, the Stromab Matrix powers through your repetitive and bulk cutting requirements. Controller: Harnessing the power of an ELCO Top 12 colour touch screen, cutting lists are simple to programme using the innovative optimisation methods: BASE with board sequence, max length, or sequence. OPTI with base features and volume, minimum waste or priority. Alternatively, use our 'Design2Saw' software to pre-optimise files for the highest yield savings, loaded quickly via USB to reduce operator programming time. Specification Saw Unit: 7.5kw saw motor 500mm diameter saw blade 135mm x 120mm cutting height 360mm x 55mm cutting width Infeed & Outfeed: 90m/min positioning speed 0.4mm positioning accuracy Iijdpfx Agjzd Uqcj Ujc 8 degree incline on table Servo driven rack & pinion 1m outfeed table as standard Automatic lifting of pusher arm Controller Elco TOP12 12" industrial touch screen PC 3 optimisation criteria - longest length, sequence & board sequence Fitted with the following options - 6000 mm in feed capacity Pneumatic lifting of pusher 10 hp saw motor Ø500 mm saw blade Opti version with full optimisation and board length reading Defect reading camera ( chalk mark reading )