Used Rühle Mgr 400 for sale (18,804)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2015, Ruhle MKR130 Tumbler Nsdpfsvcdmbex Aazjwl 2015, Stainless, 130l tumbler, 3Kw, mobile, 3Ph

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2023, spindle motor power: 70,000 W, spindle speed (max.): 14,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 450 mm, overall weight: 32,000 kg, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: 840D solution line, number of axes: 5, This 5-axis Weingartner Pick Up 400 machining center for screw manufacturing was manufactured in 2023. It features a maximum workpiece length of 4,000 mm and a maximum workpiece diameter for milling of 180 mm. The machine is equipped with a Siemens 840D control system and offers advanced simultaneous machining capabilities. If you are looking to get high-quality screw manufacturing capabilities, consider the Weingartner Pick Up 400 machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. • Control: Siemens 840D solution line (NCU 720.3), OP19 touchscreen + Siemens TP700 touch panel • Simultaneous machining: 5-axis; B‑axis turning • Workpiece capacity: max length between centers 4,000 mm; max diameter for milling 180 mm; chuck size Ø260 mm • Power supply: 3 × 400 V / 50 Hz; main fuse approx. 200 AAxes • X: travel 450 mm; rapid 20 m/min • Y: travel −80 / +150 mm; rapid 20 m/min • Z: rapid 25 m/min • B: swivel range ±45°; max swivel speed 90°/s; clamping torque 5,000 Nm • C: max speed 50 rpm; max torque 1,740 Nm (cont.) / 2,580 Nm (40% duty) • W (tailstock slide): rapid 15 m/min • VZ1 / VZ2 (steady rest slides): rapid 15 m/minTurning / Milling Unit • Unit: UFE-400; tool spindle: MDFK • Power: 45 kW (continuous) / 70 kW (40% duty) • Max spindle speed: 14,000 rpm; nominal speed: 1,560 rpm • Torque: 275 Nm (continuous) / 430 Nm (40% duty) • Tool interface: HSK 100‑T (compatible HSK 100‑A / HSK 100‑T); additional interface: Capto C8 • Internal coolant: 80 bar; 20 l/minTailstock • Hydraulically operated quill; diameter 190 mm; stroke 200 mm; Morse taper MK6Machine equipment / configuration • Front and rear self-centering steady rests; independently CNC-positionable • 2 prismatic steadies for screw milling • Steady jaw ranges: 15–30 / 30–65 / 65–140 / 140–200 mm • Hydraulic SMW KNCS‑N 260 power chuck with quick jaw change • Central lubrication system • Fully enclosed machine housing with driven safety doors; Visiport inspection windows • Hydraulic and pneumatic systems • Coolant and oil mist extraction preparation • Electronic hand control for B/C/X/Y/Z axesSoftware / control functions Nwjdpfx Aez D Efhjazsl • Siemens Safety Integrated; Profibus / Profinet; OPC UA interface • 5‑axis simultaneous machining; B‑axis turning; TRANSMIT / TRACYL • Temperature compensation X/Y • DNC remote diagnostics; WMDS Diagnostic System; Telediagnosis capability • weinCAD EXTRUDER DESIGNER; WeinEXT – Praxis Additional equipment • Hinge-belt chip conveyor • Coolant filtration system KF 200: 1,400 l tank; 40 µm filtration; high‑pressure pump 80 bar / 46 l/min; low‑pressure pump 13 bar / 160 l/min; automatic oil skimmer • Oil mist extraction unit: airflow approx. 4,000 m³/h • Operating platform with stairs and railing

Year of construction: 2020, condition: used, Product: Sylysia 350, Gasil 23 D, Precarb 800, Calcilit, Benzophenone (partially lumpy), Lo-Vel 8100, Syloid 7000, bulk density: 0.08-0.73kg/l, particle size: powder, product temperature: 5-30°C, moisture: dry, consistency: free-flowing, non-sticky and non-agglomerated, system capacity: according to customer-provided container handling, operating mode: 3-shift operation, installation location: indoors/heated, ambient temperature: 5-30°C, power supply: 400V, 3Ph,N, 50Hz, control voltage: 24VDC, compressed air supply: 4-6bar, oil-free, max. surface temperature: 200°C, with documentation. An on-site inspection is possible, not connected to power. Nsdpfx Aaez D Hzqozjwl

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, Vertical milling head with quill Horizontal spindle Sturdy cast iron frame with flat guides in all axes (hardened) Ball screw spindles Automatic axis clamping Hydraulic tool clamping Automatic gear shifting Collision protection coupling, Z-axis Distance-coded linear scale measuring systems Mechanical handwheels Automatic central lubrication Chip collection tray Coolant system, free-standing, 70 liters Machine light Leveling elements Chip splash guard Control system: Heidenhain TNC 124 Travel ranges X / Y / Z: 400 / 350 / 400 mm Feed rate X / Y / Z: 0 - 2000 mm/min Nwsdpfszlak Rjx Aazsl Rapid traverse X / Y / Z: 5,000 / 5,000 / 4,000 mm/min Table size W x D: 650 x 350 mm Spindle speed: 1 - 4000 rpm Tool holder: ISO 40 / DIN 69871 Weight: approx. 2050 kg Dimensions W x D x H: approx. 1916 x 1868 x 2220 mm Accessories: various tool holders

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Cooled vacuum tumbler Nwedpfowatd Nsx Aazjl Brand Rühle Model: MKR 300 Becker vacuum pump Year of construction: 2000 Dimensions: 2000 mm x 1250 mm x 3000 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2001, travel distance X-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 250 mm, This 3-axis MAHR Compakt 400 was manufactured in 2001. It features optical and tactile measurement functionality, allowing for precise measurement of rotationally symmetrical components. The machine includes a rotary axis with a Sanyo Denki motor drive, a 6-position probe change rack, and multiple probe configurations. If you are looking to get high-quality measurement capabilities, consider the MAHR Compakt 400 CMM machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. Nwjdpfx Asz E Hz Heazol - Last Known Calibration: 2019- 4th axis: rotary axis- Included Equipment / Scope of Delivery:* 1 Screen / Monitor* Lens with 6x Ring Light* Lens with 10x Ring Light* Calibration plate with setting ring and calibration sphere (probe-to-camera alignment)* Rotary axis (with Sanyo Denki motor drive and 3-jaw chuck unit)* 6-position probe change rack (Renishaw MCR20)- Capabilities & Features:* Optical and tactile measurement functionality* Measurement of rotationally symmetrical components* Multiple probe configurations/geometries supported (straight and star probes)- Documentation: Factory calibration certificates and service reports available

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, This used Jungheinrich Esmena pallet racking is a compact, high-performance heavy-duty racking system designed for industrial storage requirements. The modular high-bay shelving is ideal for logistics, industry, large warehouses, and freight forwarding companies. With a shelf load capacity of up to 1,500 kg per level and a bay load capacity of up to 3,000 kg, this immediately available pallet racking system offers an efficient solution for storing Euro pallets and heavy load units. PRODUCT DETAILS: - Height: approx. 400 cm - Depth: approx. 105 cm - Length: approx. 10,080 cm - Shelf load: 1,500 kg - Beams: approx. 270 cm - Beam color: yellow lacquered - Uprights: approx. 400 x 105 cm, pre-assembled - Upright color: blue lacquered - Levels: floor + 2 - Pallet positions: 324 incl. floor locations - Condition: Used Jungheinrich Esmena SCOPE OF DELIVERY: - 037 x uprights (approx. 400 x 105 cm), pre-assembled - 144 x beams (approx. 270 cm) - 288 x safety pins Price: €6,580.00 net €7,830.20 gross You will receive an invoice with VAT shown separately. DELIVERY, INSTALLATION & INSPECTION: - Nationwide delivery within Germany by our partner freight forwarder – shipping costs depend on the postal code - Professional installation and dismantling by trained teams available as an option - Racking inspections in accordance with DIN EN 15635 by certified inspectors - Inspection of existing heavy-duty racks from other manufacturers also possible PLANNING & CONSULTING: Our planning department is happy to provide you with a non-binding offer tailored to your requirements. Whether new construction, conversion, or extension – we offer professional advice on your racking configuration. SHOWROOM: Visit us in our showroom! See a wide range of our pallet racking, warehouse shelving, and other solutions on display. Many systems are assembled and can be experienced firsthand. Our specialists are available for questions and personalized advice – we look forward to your visit! Haven't found the right solution yet? Nwedoz Epucepfx Aazol Visit our website for a quick overview of many offers and product variations! INTERESTED OR HAVE QUESTIONS? Contact us easily by message or phone. Our phone number can be found on our company page. ☎️ You can reach us by phone Monday to Friday, 8:00 am – 4:00 pm. Alternatively, send us a message with your name and number, and we will call you back as soon as possible.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 420 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 300 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 300 mm, table load: 500 kg, OPS INGERSOLL GANTRY EAGLE 400 Year of manufacture: 2015 Completely overhauled August-September 2026 EAGLE Powertec PC/NC control system 3060 22" screen with touchscreen operation MultiProg Powertec technology programming on PC/NC Powertec Easy Burn quick programming Powertec handheld multifunctional operating device Manual eroding with Powertec handheld EAGLE Powertec - Fine finishing generator PT 60, 60 amps (60 amps peak current) High-speed jump max. 18,000 mm/min Travel ranges (X, Y, Z) 420 x 300 x 300 mm Linear measuring system in all axes Distance table / electrode chuck min. 135 mm / max. 585 mm Electrode changer, 20-position pick-up disc magazine Working tank (W x D x H) 650 x 500 x 340 mm Work table (W x D) 550 x 470 mm Load capacity 500 kg Overhang load 200 kg Machine dimensions W x D x H 1,436 x 2,940 x 2,730 mm Integrated cartridge filter system Accessories: CO2 fire extinguishing system Nodpfxoz Azk Hj Aazswl The machine is currently undergoing overhaul. Original images will follow. 08/28.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, cutting diameter 400 mm capacity 90 degrees: flat 500 x 400 mm saw band length 6220 x 41 x 1.3 mm speed 15.0 - 150 m/min work height max. 750 mm workpiece weight ca. 250 - 300 kg/m Control MEBA NC coolant tank capacity 80.0 ltr. oil volume 30.0 ltr. power capacity 5.5 kW weight of the machine ca. ca. 2250 kg range L-W-H 3100 x 1620 x 2150 mm Current list price: approx. 50.000 euros Special price available upon request Features: - MEBA - Fully automatic "two-column linear guide system" * Fully automatic machine for 90° cuts only - User-friendly NC dialog control * With plain-text display 5.7-inch CE panel * Program memory with 50 programs, each with 20 steps - Automatic material feed * Minimum cutting diameter .. Ø 5.0 mm * Residual piece length without bundle clamping .. manual 25.0 mm * Residual piece length without bundle clamping .. automatic 110 mm * Automatic movement of the clamping blocks - Rapid-feed lowering of the saw frame * With automatic material detection - Band saw speed via frequency-controlled AC drive (15-150 m/min) - Automatic cutting pressure and feed monitoring - Driven chip-clearing brush via friction wheel - Hydraulic full-stroke material clamping - Saw blade angled 3° relative to the material support surface - Saw blade idler rollers with carbide guides - Manual saw blade tensioning Nwodpfsz Dkzujx Aazol - Removable coolant tank for easy cleaning - Operating instructions

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, 1 used CNC bandsaw machine Manufacturer: Metallkraft Type: HMBS 400 CNC Year of manufacture: 2017 Serial number: 4101602005F Design: Fully automatic 2-column horizontal bandsaw Control system: Mitsubishi Electric GOT 2000 Cutting range (round), 0° to 400 mm Cutting range (square), 0° to 400 × 400 mm Bandsaw blade: 4,520 × 34 × 1.1 mm Bandsaw blade speed: 20–100 m/min, continuously variable Nsdpez A A Iqefx Aazswl Drive power: 3.0 kW / 400 V Material feed up to 490 mm per feed Max. feed length: 9,999 mm Table height: 800 mm Weight: approx. 1,300 kg Dimensions: approx. 2,600 × 2,150 × 2,050 mm Approx. 3 m roller conveyor, chip conveyor

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 766 h, clamping force: 400 kN, screw diameter: 18 mm, Hydraulic injection moulding machine manufactured in 2024. This Arburg Allrounder 270 C 400-70 features a clamping force of 400 kN and a maximum specific injection pressure of 2738 bar. It includes a mould height range of 160 - 475 mm and a distance between tie bars of 280 x 280 mm. If you are looking to get high-quality injection moulding capabilities, consider the Arburg Allrounder 270 C 400-70 machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. Nodpoz Eq S Nsfx Aazewl - Max. Specific Injection Pressure: 2738 bar- Max. Swept Volume: 28 cm³- Mould Height: 160 - 475 mm- Distance Between Tie Bars: 280 x 280 mm- Centering Diameter (Ejector/Nozzle): 110 mm / 125 mm- Operating Hours (Pump): 766 hrs- Core Pull: 1- Heating Control Circuits: 3 electrical heating control circuits for mould heating, max. 2 kW/230 V- Cooling Circuits: Programmable machine-related cooling circuits, cooling water distribution with 3 free circuits (DN 13)- Nozzle Specifications: Open nozzle 18 mm with M 24x1.5 internal thread, flat nozzle tip, nozzle heating band- Control System: SELOGICA direct control with 15-inch (38.1 cm) touchscreen user interface- Connectivity & Interfaces: Basic Connectivity (CPU Ethernet port, IIoT Gateway), EUROMAP 67 robot interface (50-pin), EUROMAP 65 chip card operating authorization, CompactFlash & USB interface, Printer interface (serial USB), Interface for colouring/dosing unit

Condition: good (used), 1 x Ruhle dicer with outfeed conveyor. Set up for 6mm dice. Video available on request. Nwodpfoukgzgjx Aazsl

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, total length: 7,200 mm, total width: 1,100 mm, total height: 1,700 mm, Colour: Grey Weight: 750 kg - Year: 1999 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 251855 - Main motor power [kW]: 2.2 - Max. cutting length [mm]: 6000 - Max. cutting depth [mm]: 160 - Min. saw blade diameter [mm]: 200 - Max. saw blade diameter [mm]: 400 - Arbor saw blade diameter [mm]: 30 - Spindle speed: Manual - Min. spindle speed [rpm]: 2800 - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 2800 - Voltage [V]: 400 - Current consumption [A]: 11.2 - Fuse [A]: 16 - Power [kW]: 4.5 - Transport dimensions: 7200mm x 1100mm x 1700mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 750kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information Nwodpfx Aaezwl Avozjl VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Yorick Diebels

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, The RUHLE MTR 130 Mixer is designed to optimize production processes in the food industry. Thanks to its versatility, it adapts to a wide range of products, from meat and fish to vegetables and dried fruits. This mixer guarantees rapid and even distribution of ingredients, ensuring consistent quality with each cycle. The integrated vacuum pump improves product texture by reducing air, thus extending shelf life. Nodpfswfgiijx Aazowl Featuring a removable mixing arm, it offers great flexibility and easy maintenance. Its manual tilt system also facilitates mixing operations, making it smoother to use in intensive production environments. Furthermore, its robust design makes it a durable machine, suitable for daily use. By integrating this mixer into your production line, you will optimize both the efficiency and quality of your products. This machine is ideal for companies looking to improve their performance while complying with strict hygiene and quality standards in the food industry. Technical Specifications: Manufacturer: RUHLE Type: MTR 130 Year: 2003 Capacity: 130L Manually Tiltable Voltage: 400V (3+N, 50Hz) Power: 1.1kW Current: 16A Weight: 200kg Manual Tilt Machine Dimensions (D x W x H): 750 x 1000 x 1300mm wpCWzr/h

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2010, operating hours: 13,231 h, lifting height: 4,000 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,650 mm, Linde H25D-01 Duplo 400 Sideshift / 4th Function, VW Diesel, 2010 A video can be sent via WhatsApp. We have a continuous stock; please see our website. Prices are quoted ex Nuland. Van de Wert Trading B.V. has a varying stock of machines, trucks, trailers, and attachments. All our deliveries are offered at trade prices in AS-IS condition without guarantees (see our general terms and conditions). Nwedpsz Eiu Aofx Aazjl You can arrange a viewing and/or test drive without any obligation. Please call beforehand to make an appointment, as we are not always on site. Van de Wert Trading B.V. Bedrijfsstraat 3 5391 LR Nuland

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 14,800 h, Linde H35T duplo400 / side shift / fork positioner / 2005 / 14,800 hours / LPG A video can be sent via WhatsApp. We have a continuous stock; please see our website. Prices are ex works Nuland. Van de Wert Trading B.V. has a varying stock of machines, trucks, trailers, and attachments. All our deliveries are offered at trade prices in AS-IS condition without warranties (see our general terms and conditions). You can make a non-binding appointment for a viewing and/or test drive. Nwodpfxszzcvno Aazol Please call beforehand, as we are not always on-site. Van de Wert Trading B.V. Bedrijfsstraat 3 5391 LR Nuland

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: a Lenze GSN04-1NHAR geared motor with a three-phase Lenze DERA071-12 motor, 0.25 kW. Nwodpfezncq Sox Aazjl The unit is 100% functional, tested, and ready for operation. The technical condition is very good. Visually, it has normal signs of use resulting from operation, as shown in the photos. This geared motor with a worm gear is ideally suited as a drive for conveyors, feeders, production machines, packaging machines, mixers, and many other industrial devices. Technical data: Gearbox manufacturer: Lenze Gearbox model: GSN04-1NHAR Motor manufacturer: Lenze Motor type: DERA071-12 Power: 0.25 kW Supply: 3×220–240/380–415 V AC Frequency: 50 Hz Motor speed: 1365 rpm Output speed: 186.6 rpm Torque: 11 Nm Gear ratio: i = 7.5 Protection class: IP55 Insulation class: F Duty cycle: S1 Condition: 100% functional – tested. Normal signs of use visible on the housing. Sold exactly as shown in the photos.

Condition: used, Dicer Ruhle -Type: SR1 Nodpfx Aajyx Suwszewl -Loading chamber dimensions: 330 x 100 x 100 mm -Dimensions: 920 x 600 x 1050mm -Efficiency: 900-1500 kg/h, 80 cuts per minute -Knives: 25x25 mm -Power: 1.5 kW -Weight: 270 kg -Supply: 400V, 50Hz 3N -Stainless steel -Quantity in stock: 1 -Condition: Used / after technical inspection in good working condition, ready to work

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1993, Used circular saw machine from Kaltenbach Nwedpfezz Rahjx Aazel Type KKS 400 EC Year of manufacture 1993

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 33,793 h, clamping force: 4,000 kN, screw diameter: 80 mm, overall weight: 31,000 kg, product length (max.): 10,259 mm, Hydraulic injection moulding machine manufactured in 2016. This Engel Victory 3550/400 tech features a clamping force of 4000 kN and an injection unit with a screw diameter of 80 mm. It includes a fully hydraulic tiebarless clamping system and advanced automation with conveyor belts. If you are looking to get high-quality injection moulding capabilities, consider the Engel Victory 3550/400 tech machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. • Injection unit: 3550 • L/D ratio: 25 • Control unit: ENGEL CC300 (21.5" Full HD touchscreen) • Drive system: ECODRIVE SHV3-HSI, 2 pump systems, accumulator • Electrical connection: 3 x 400 V + N + PE, 50 Hz • Nominal connected load: approx. 282 kW • Clamping system: Tiebarless, fully hydraulic ENGEL clamping system • Centering: 160 mm • Ejector stroke: 250 mm • Hydraulic core pulls: 2 on moving platen, 2 on stationary platen • Vacuum/compressed air circuits: 4 on moving platen with Venturi nozzle and pressure switch • Pneumatic valve: 2/2-way valve R 1/4" on stationary platen • Pneumatic mold valve control: 4-fold FESTO, up to 16 bar • Mold heating: 32 control zones, max heating power 43 kW • Screw drive: Electromotoric, speed-controlled, max 150 rpm, rated power 47 kW, torque 3700 Nm • Nozzle radius: 15 mm • Nozzle bore: 6 mm • Nozzle contact force: approx. 150 kN • Metering stroke: 390 mm • MuCell equipment: MuCell Advanced Package; cylinder L/D 24/25; MuCell G25 screw Ø 80 mm; gas injector bore; melt pressure sensor; RS-485 interface to SCF gas plant; emergency stop connection • Mold temperature control: 3 ENGEL flomo distributors with 8 zones each (24 monitored circuits total) • Hydraulic tank capacity: Main tank approx. 690 l; suction tank approx. 290 l • Robot interface: Euromap 67 / AN-146 • Languages: Czech and German Nodpfxsz Dgpbs Aazjwl Additional equipment • GEKU automation with conveyor belts (included)

Condition: new, saw blade diameter: 400 mm, input voltage: 400 V, Equipment: documentation/manual, - Saw blade, Ø 400 mm - Double miter - Compound miter - 4 pneumatic clamping devices - Minimum quantity lubrication system Nwjdpsz D Niqsfx Aazel - Compressed air gun - Protective cover - Documentation - 400V

Condition: used, mileage: 603,000 km, first registration: 09/2026, fuel type: diesel, fuel: diesel, color: other, gearing type: automatic, Year of construction: 2013, Axle 1: left 14 mm right 14 mm Axle 2: left 7-7mm right 7-7 mm Axle 3: left mm right mm Nwjdpezzi Rrofx Aazel

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1994, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 25,000 h, pressing force: 400 t, table width: 1,360 mm, table length: 2,000 mm, table height: 1,125 mm, oil tank capacity: 3,400 l, total width: 3,500 mm, total height: 4,600 mm, installation height: 600 mm, Further images and technical data can be provided by email upon request. Sale is ex-location without warranty and return. Dismantling and collection must be carried out by the buyer. The press is standing at ground level without a base. We deliver the press media-free. The digital hours counter is no longer accurate. The manual counter shows approximately 25,000 hours. Nwjdpfxsvb D Tro Aazjl

Condition: refurbished (used), Vacuum tumbler with cooling, 220 liters Type: MKR 220 Container capacity: 220 l Maximum filling quantity: 145 l Nsdpfxjx Rzqfs Aazjwl Automatic unloading Vacuum: 0 – 95% Integrated cooling system Computer-controlled work process Installed power: 3.0 kW Voltage: 400 V, 50 Hz

Condition: used, mileage: 655,805 km, power: 291 kW (395.65 HP), first registration: 09/2014, fuel type: diesel, tire size: 355/50 R22.5, axle configuration: 4x2, wheelbase: 3,800 mm, fuel: diesel, color: other, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, total length: 5,920 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, permissible axle load (axle 1): 8,000 kg, permissible axle load (axle 2): 11,500 kg, Year of construction: 2014, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, electric window regulation, parking heater, power mirror, Technical information Number of cylinders: 6 Engine capacity: 10.837 cc Front axle: Tyre size: 355/50 R22.5; Max. axle load: 8000 kg Rear axle: Tyre size: 295/80; Max. axle load: 11500 kg Weights Empty weight: 7.267 kg Carrying capacity: 12.233 kg Nwodpfx Aaez E Htiozol GVW: 19.500 kg Max. towing weight: 50.000 kg Interior Number of seats: 2 Maintenance APK (MOT): tested until 06/2027 Identification Registration number: 93-BFD-3