Used Ruhrmann Evv 200 for sale (16,661)

Condition: ready for operation (used), TRUMPF 200 MQ VIS focusing optic + Haas - Laser NBB 22-30-20-00 SN:9061842, used, normal signs of wear, 100% functional, delivery scope as shown in the photos. Nljdpfjz Adb Uex Abush

Condition: ready for operation (used), Tool turret 5603923WZ SN:1286 with 12 stations for EMAG VSC 200 DUO, manufacturer unknown, used, normal signs of wear, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos. ATTENTION: Please enquire for packing and shipping costs separately! Nlodpfx Abez Adl Toueh

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, Dimensions (L/W/H) 2.645 x 900 x 2.130 mm Filter capacity 14,5 m² Nodpsz I Uc Djfx Abujlh Number of dust containers 3 St. Weight ca. 500 kg 200 mm

Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 0 h, condition: new, machine/vehicle number: W6378-04A, Uraca PÜV 8/200 safety valve, bypass valve, overflow valve (pneumatic and silicone-free), similar to, but not a Hammelmann, Woma, or Kamat. Permissible operating overpressure: 50-200 bar Recommended flow rate: 10-125 l/min. Dimensions HxWxD: 260x113x113 mm Weight: 10.9 kg with MADER PEU-063-0010-I-P-M Year of manufacture: 2012 (unused) Nlodpfsd D Aghsx Abuoh Suitable for use with demineralized water. Electro-pneumatic control: Takes over the switching command and pressure setting of the valve. Gap seal: Ensures the exact reproducibility of the actuation pressure. Further technical data can be found in the data sheet. Maintains the operating pressure independently of the nozzle configuration. Suitable for long-term overflow operation. Excellent dynamic behavior with rapid flow changes. Special features: Very high actuation reproducibility, high actuation dynamics, cone can be used on both sides.

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, total width: 25,500 mm, total height: 32,000 mm, Year of construction: 2024, Equipment: ABS, For inquiries regarding the vehicle, please contact Mr. Seidel (phone number available upon request). Wörmann BauTL 105 55/200 low-bed trailer SAE-SMB axles, drum brakes, Knorr ABS, spring brake, 40 mm drawbar, Duomatik, cargo area dimensions: length 5,600 mm, width 1,990 mm, height 400 mm, tire tread: 1st axle 14 mm, 2nd axle 13 mm. Upon request, we will provide you with a leasing or financing offer. Mr. Seidel (phone number available upon request) will be happy to assist you. Further information can be found on our website. Njdpfjyfqa Dex Abuslh ... Errors, changes, and prior sale are subject to change!!! - = Further information = Unladen weight: 2,700 kg Payload: 7,800 kg GVWR: 10,500 kg Please contact Tobias Ebert for further information.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, power: 560 kW (761.39 HP), pressure: 6 bar, heating capacity: 560 kW (761.39 HP), temperature: 120 °C, Heating container, Viessmann Vitoplex, 560 kW, oil burner, heat exchanger. Nledpoz Umxxofx Abuoh

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: WFDFLT23202019236, empty load weight: 5,675 kg, overall weight: 31,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 10/2026, loading space length: 13,650 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, total length: 13,850 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, total height: 4,030 mm, suspension: air, tire size: 435/50 R19,5", color: yellow, Year of construction: 2016, Fine-grain steel welded construction, fifth-wheel coupling plate with replaceable 2" kingpin - Slightly inclined outer frame with "Load-Lock-Profil" for securing straps - Note: When securing straps in conjunction with side boards, the side boards must be opened! - Single-side operation of landing legs, straight lower section, without thrust compensation - Side-mounted door retainers, aluminium side underrun protection, galvanised steel rear underrun protection - Heavy-duty pallet stop on both sides, approx. 20–25 mm high, lashing points every 200 mm; loading height reduced by approx. 20–25 mm - Spare wheel, same make as standard tyres - Plastic toolbox with drawer and shelf, W=650 / H=520 / D=670 mm, lockable with a padlock (padlock not included) # Axles and suspension - BPW disc-brake axles - Air suspension # Braking system - Dual-line compressed-air braking system - Spring-loaded parking brake - 2 misconnection-proof coupling heads at the front, without connecting lines - EBS electronic braking system with front EBS socket, without connecting cable - Warning: This trailer may only be towed by tractor units that ensure the effective operation of the ABS! Nodpfxo Aay Sbj Abuelh - With raise/lower valve - Vehicle driving stability system # Wheels and tyres - 435/50 R19.5", make at manufacturer's discretion # Electrical system - 24 V, multi-chamber lights, yellow LED side lighting - Yellow LED side lighting with 20 LEDs per lamp - 2 white front position lights - 2 white/red rear outline marker lights - 2 x 7-pin and 1 x 15-pin misconnection-proof sockets at the front, without connecting cable - LED safety light, mounted at the top of the rear corner posts - Approx. 30 mm thick screen-printed floor panels, cross joints with Omega inserts, on longitudinal bearers for high point loads; maximum forklift axle load 7,100 kg # Front bulkhead / corner posts - 2,580 mm high, steel corner posts in high-volume design # Centre posts - Pair of sliding posts, movable along the full length, with four-way sockets and a long lower socket - Pair of post positions # Insert boards - 4 rows of aluminium V-shaped insert boards # Rear wall / corner posts # Curtain - Curtain with welded-in horizontal and vertical tensioning straps # Roof - Sliding roof, rear end lift-up section; roof can be slid from rear to front; L-shaped roof rail for the automotive industry; internal width between roof rails approx. 2,490 mm; curtain colour: white - EcoLift lifting roof, raises by approx. 380 mm, assisted by gas struts - Front with 2 driving positions: - Front internal height approx. 2,900 mm / 3,000 mm # Operating instructions - If the overall height exceeds 4,000 mm, please note the following: - The transport operator is solely liable for any resulting damage. - The driver transporting the vehicle must obtain a permit under Section 29 of the German Road Traffic Regulations (StVO). - We accept no liability for transporting the vehicles. - Note: The specified gross weight is technically possible; depending on the load, it may not be achievable while complying with the permitted axle and fifth-wheel loads. # Registration / plates - Germany - With DEKRA inspection and report - Load securing certificate to EN 12642 XL (valid only in conjunction with 4 rows of aluminium boards) - Additional DC 9.5 certificate, pallet stops on both sides, approx. 25 mm high; loading height reduced by approx. 25 mm; warning panel to ECE Regulation 70

Condition: used, Glasbeek Finish Gas Chamber Furnace, Type 003.05 Manufacturer: Glasbeek Finish Type: Gas Chamber Furnace Heating Medium: Natural gas Type 003.05 Includes loading cart Maximum temperature: 200 °C Burner type: Forced draft burner Manufacturer: Dreizler Type: M 06.2-95 Type: Forced draft burner Modulating operation Burner output: 40-110 kW Gas family: Natural gas Category: 12L Connection pressure: max. 100 mbar Power connection: 220/230V / 50 Hz Motor power: 0.27 kW Electrical power consumption: 0.6 kW Combustion chamber pressure: 1.6 mbar Burner number: 0201756 Nledped Spx Defx Abujh Year of manufacture: 2002 Dimensions Internal dimensions approx. W1900mm x D2950mm x H1800mm External dimensions approx. W2530mm x D3300mm x H2800mm You can find more new and used items in our shop! International shipping costs available upon request!

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, workpiece length (max.): 2,800 mm, workpiece width (max.): 850 mm, number of slots in tool magazine: 13, actuation type: electric, total height: 1,895 mm, total length: 2,920 mm, total width: 1,890 mm, overall weight: 1,580 kg, year of last overhaul: 2026, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, The Drillteq V-200 is in continuous use, which means the number of parts being processed is increasing. The machine is in good condition and is regularly serviced. For more information, please call 601 548 875. Njdpfe Afm Itsx Abuelh

Condition: new, CATALOGUE NUMBER: MR001 - New machine, DTR documentation + CE marking TECHNICAL DATA - Effective width: 2000mm - Front width: 2500mm - Depth: 600/850mm - Height: 1700/1950mm - Max. capacity: 9000m3/h - Fan power: 1.1kW - Speed: 2780 rpm - Electrical parameters: 400V-50Hz - Diameter of the outlet pipe – square: 500x500mm - Cardboard pre-filter - “Paint-stop” filters - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2500x850x2200mm - Weight approx.: 250kg The stated price applies to the standard version. Nlodpfx Ajx Uz Rmebush Dry walls are used to extract mist from painting or coating processes. Extraction and purification of contaminated air is carried out by a dual filtration system consisting of: cardboard filters at the front of the machine and a “Paint-stop” filter. The wall is constructed from modular panels made of galvanized sheet metal. Equipment: – Painting wall with a two-stage filtration system (Paint Stop filter and Andrea filter) – Extension for the painting wall, increasing the width from 2000mm to 2500mm and the height from 1700mm to 1950mm – Multi-plane adjustable damper – Atex fan 9,000 m3/h – Soundproofed fan housing – Internal silencer, shape 380×700 L – 600 mm – Roof/wall exhaust outlet – side – Gasket for connecting exhaust ducts – Screw for connecting extensions and ventilation ducts Optional: – Fan power regulator – Mechanical filter – replacement of the cardboard filter with a steel mechanical filter – Third stage of filtration – adding a third stage of filtration using a synthetic fiber filter, to further purify the filtered air. – Ceiling with lighting – Internal silencer, shape 500 x 500 mm L – 600 mm – Wall extension (increasing the working area) – Recessed enclosure (increasing the working area) – Supply air system – Ventilation ducts – Connection fitting 600×600 – 135-degree elbow exhaust outlet (directs air downwards at a 45-degree angle) – Vertical exhaust outlet 500×500 with a reduction from 600×600 (discharges air vertically upwards, so that it rises several meters above the outlet and spreads evenly) Also available: Painting wall PRO 2000/1700/600 with 10,000 m3/h / 300 Pa explosion-proof radial fan – 1.5kW motor – 14,600 PLN / net, with the option to choose the fan arrangement on the right/left or rear side of the wall. Net price: 11,600 PLN Net price: 2,700 EUR depending on the exchange rate of 4.30 EUR (Prices may change due to higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), machine/vehicle number: 00 06 028/00 0026 S, functionality: fully functional, Desiccant air dryer Manufacturer: Motan Type: Luxor LA/8-200 Connection value: 6 kW Dry air flow rate: 200 m3/h Silos for granules: 1 x 150 L 4 x 60 L Nsdpfoyvfkrsx Abujlh Material conveying equipment: Manufacturer: Motan Type: HLX-06-1-A000-0 5 units PRICE REDUCTION FROM 6750 TO 6000 EUR!!!

Condition: new, table length 3000 mm table width 1500 mm table height 200 mm weight 1500 kg Manufacturer: GERD WOLFF Technical Details: • Length 3000 mm • Width 1500 mm • Height 200 mm • Weight 1500 kg • Hole diameter 28 mm • Hole spacing 100 mm • Plate thickness: 25mm Advantages and Features: • 3-day gas nitriding process • Increased corrosion resistance • Weld spatter adhesion protection • Maximum load capacity • Enhanced fatigue strength • Improved vibration resistance • Fine scale engraving • Reinforcement with welded seams and ribs on the underside • Optimal working height of 820-865 mm • 8 height-adjustable support legs • Available with a matching accessory set (optional) Our welding tables are manufactured using HT 300 cast iron and are nitrided as a whole after mechanical processing. Furthermore, they feature precise fine scale engraving using laser technology. To ensure adequate stability, our welding tables are reinforced with welded seams and ribs on the underside (see illustrations). Additionally, they undergo a 3-day gas nitriding process, enhancing their corrosion resistance, fatigue strength, and vibration resistance, among other factors. All our tables come with adjustable legs. The minimum height adjustment range is 620 mm, while the maximum is 665 mm, allowing for a variable working height of 820 to 865 mm. Nedpfx Abjymf Rtjuolh Additional available dimensions: • 1000 x 1000 x 200 • 2000 x 1000 x 200 • 1200 x 1200 x 200 • 1500 x 1000 x 200 • 1500 x 1500 x 200 • 1500 x 2000 x 200 • 2000 x 3000 x 200 • 3000 x 1500 x 200 • 3000 x 2000 x 200 • 4000 x 2000 x 200 Please note that the images are not to scale and are for illustrative purposes only. Our welding tables are produced for our distribution brand "GERD WOLFF Maschinenfabrik" by a reputable manufacturer. 3D Welding Table - 3D Clamping Fixtures - 3D Precision Welding Table

Year of construction: 1996, condition: reconditioned (used), Stock-No.1624 Strand "spagetti" pelletizer Capacity 500 kg/h Drive 4 kW Rotor width 200 mm - double bearring materials: PP,PE,PS,PET,PC,PA div material Nodjby I Syspfx Abuslh Noise- protected housing box OPTIONAL against additional cost: adjustable pellet length device Ask for our machine-stock-list, with more pelletizing equipment ex our stock availabe.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, 19 stations design: cassette shaft Ø: 30 mm strip width: 200 mm strip thickness: 1 mm Nledpfxeh Tm Raj Abush

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2005, dual track rollforming line 2 x 18 stations design: cassette shaft Ø: 30 mm Nodpfx Abjh Tm Rleuelh strip width: 200 mm strip thickness: 1 mm

Condition: like new (used), Pneumatic meat bin lift Lift is designed for loading the product placed in 200 l meat bins (type U-200) Material: Stainless Steel Model: 200 liter Unloading height: 1.240 mm Capacity: 200 liter or 300 liter Nsdpfoinup Dex Abuelh Dimensions (LxWxH): 1.800x900x1.930 mm Weight: 250 kg.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1992, functionality: fully functional, Motor: 5 kW Tilting milling spindle: -5 to +45 degrees Spindle height adjustment: 130 mm Spindle rotation direction: right / left Spindle speeds: 3000/4500/6000/9000 RPM Motorized height and tilt adjustment Extended table version: 2,000 mm with extendable support Integrated stop Nsdsz D A Sfopfx Abuslh with 4-roller feed mechanism

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, For sale is a leak testing device from the brand JW Froehlich in good, used condition, as can be seen in the pictures. Technical data: • Manufacturer: JW Froehlich • Model: MPS-200 • Testing method: Relative pressure measurement. Optional measurement methods: pressure drop, pressure increase, overpressure, underpressure. • Testing pressure range: approx. -0.8 to 6 bar • 6.5" color monitor with touchscreen and Windows operating system • Year of manufacture: 2014 • Documentation: Leak testing seminar • Condition: Used, functional Shipping costs via freight forwarder: approx. €90 If interested, a leak calibrator LK-20 is also available! International buyers are welcome! You will receive an invoice with VAT shown. Njdpfxez I Db Ae Abujlh Inspection/collection is possible by arrangement in 42855 Remscheid. Sale from the location 42855 Remscheid, free on board. Errors in technical data and prior sale are reserved.

Year of construction: 2016, condition: used, Sewing machine Muller Martini Ventura MC 200 (A371.1000) Year: 2016 Cycles: 1,5 mio (stitches) Description: - Commander with touchscreen - Automatic setting - Feeder - ASIR Automatic Signature Image Recognition: ASIR III - 4 + 4 opening possibilities - Book stacker Nljdpfez Atcujx Abujh - PIAB Max. mechanical speed: up to 200 cycles/min Maximum size range: 510 x 320 mm Minimum size range: 120 x 75 mm Number of stitches: 13 Note!: Specifications are subject to typographical errors and changes in comparable models by the manufacturer!

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, operating hours: 28,155 h, functionality: fully functional, Channel baling press Paal Konti 200 D, year of manufacture 2000 Technical data: Manufacturer: Paal Type: Paal Konti 200 D Year of manufacture: 2000 Operating hours: 28155 Pressing force: 60 t Drive power: 45 kW Total connected load: 60 kW Feed opening: 1020 x 1400 mm Bale dimensions: 750 x 1100 mm, length variable Tying: 4-way automatic Throughput at 35 kg/m³ approx. 9.5 t/h 60 kg/m³ approx. 16.5 t/h 100 kg/m³ approx. 26 t/h Bale weight: 450 to 650 kg Transport dimensions approx. 10123 x 2152 x 2720 mm (L x W x H) Machine weight approx. 15,000 kg Materials: Paper, cardboard, film Nedpfx Asz A T Nlobuslh Note: The press is in good condition and has been inspected and tested. A video can be found on our website or YouTube channel. Complete documentation is available. Please note: All technical data refer to the manufacturer's specifications. We assume no liability for the information provided and any errors that may occur. The offer is subject to change, prior sale, and can be revoked at any time. Inspections are possible by arrangement. The sale is made against prepayment, ex works, without warranty.

Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 1 h, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, Mytho S with TP / Transparent, accessible at ground level with lift trucks and El. lifts. MAST VERSION Nedjz Iplgopfx Abuolh Winding height 2450 mm 99 program TOUCH display 7" FILM SLIDE TYPE "PRS" (POWER ROLLER STRETCH) 200% pre-stretching Optionally, more or less pre-stretching possible TURNTABLE / TP Ø1650 mm / Opening 06.00 - Mast 12.00 (can be changed at any time) ARYA system for automatic foil blowing and cutting, incl. infrared remote control

Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 1 h, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: S23SynthesiLow04, Exhibition machine, like new. SYNTHESI with a flat turntable Turntable height 25mm Short ramp 500mm long TECHNICAL DETAILS: Turntable LOW PROFILE · Height 25mm Nsdpjz Ipnhjfx Abuolh · Max. pallet dimensions: 1000 x 1200 mm · Max. load capacity: 1200 kg · a ramp included Wrapping height (pallet included) 2,200 mm Height query by light button Frequency-controlled turntable drive (soft start - start/stop) Frequency controlled carriage speed up/down Signal tone at the start of wrapping and stop at the end of the cycle Emergency stop switch according to CE regulations The turntable always stops in the same starting position Fall protection for the film slide Push button for switching on the machine and start & stop function & reset according to CE standards Ø 22 mm ADJUSTABLE PARAMETERS ON THE CONTROL PANEL All function parameters can be set via the display F00 - Screen lock program change F02 - Infinitely variable turntable speed 5-12 rpm Lifting carriage speed can be adjusted up and down independently of each other F03 - lifting carriage speed up from 1.3 up to 5.4 m/min F04 - carriage speed down from 1.3 to 5.4 m/min F05 - Number of wraps on the pallet foot (1 - 10 wraps) F06 - number of wraps on the pallet head (1 - 10 wraps) F09 - Winding height photocell delay F13 - F16 - Foil application tension foot & head wrapping / ascent & descent independently adjustable F62 - Ergonomic height for film change Foil consumption display (optional) ADJUSTABLE WRAPPING PROGRAMS ON THE CONTROL PANEL 6 storable winding programs F01 - 1 - cross winding (up/down) F01 - 2 - Single wrap (only up or only down) F01 - 3 - Push button for manual functions F10 - F11 - Wrap cycle with preset start and stop height F12 - Winding to a stored height (switching off the light button for the height) F22 / F23 - Winding cycle for cover sheet film F29 - Soft start cycle for edge protection application F30 - F31 - Wrap cycle with gain and adjustable number of wraps Soft start to reduce film tears on sharp pallet edges Winding cycle with manual or motorized line formation (optional) Reinforcement cycle via push button FILM SLIDE TYPE "OPRS - ONE PRE STRETCH" Film pre-stretch ratio set to 200% Foil application tension electronically controlled via control unit Foil specification Max. outer diameter Ø250mm - height = 500mm - core Ø76mm Standard connection values: 230 V - 1PH+N+PE - 50/60 HZ Total power: 1.2KW / 8A Optional: pinion for OPRS pre-stretching ratio of 150% / 250% / 300% possible Other systems available from the Ludwigsburg warehouse.

Year of construction: 2026, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: S23SynthesiLow05, Exhibition machine, like new. SYNTHESI with a flat turntable Turntable height 25mm Short ramp 500mm long TECHNICAL DETAILS: Turntable LOW PROFILE · Height 25mm · Max. pallet dimensions: 1000 x 1200 mm · Max. load capacity: 1200 kg · a ramp included Wrapping height (pallet included) 2,200 mm Height query by light button Frequency-controlled turntable drive (soft start - start/stop) Frequency controlled carriage speed up/down Signal tone at the start of wrapping and stop at the end of the cycle Emergency stop switch according to CE regulations The turntable always stops in the same starting position Fall protection for the film slide Push button for switching on the machine and start & stop function & reset according to CE standards Ø 22 mm ADJUSTABLE PARAMETERS ON THE CONTROL PANEL All function parameters can be set via the display Nljdez Ipwcopfx Abuoh F00 - Screen lock program change F02 - Infinitely variable turntable speed 5-12 rpm Lifting carriage speed can be adjusted up and down independently of each other F03 - lifting carriage speed up from 1.3 up to 5.4 m/min F04 - carriage speed down from 1.3 to 5.4 m/min F05 - Number of wraps on the pallet foot (1 - 10 wraps) F06 - number of wraps on the pallet head (1 - 10 wraps) F09 - Winding height photocell delay F13 - F16 - Foil application tension foot & head wrapping / ascent & descent independently adjustable F62 - Ergonomic height for film change Foil consumption display (optional) ADJUSTABLE WRAPPING PROGRAMS ON THE CONTROL PANEL 6 storable winding programs F01 - 1 - cross winding (up/down) F01 - 2 - Single wrap (only up or only down) F01 - 3 - Push button for manual functions F10 - F11 - Wrap cycle with preset start and stop height F12 - Winding to a stored height (switching off the light button for the height) F22 / F23 - Winding cycle for cover sheet film F29 - Soft start cycle for edge protection application F30 - F31 - Wrap cycle with gain and adjustable number of wraps Soft start to reduce film tears on sharp pallet edges Winding cycle with manual or motorized line formation (optional) Reinforcement cycle via push button FILM SLIDE TYPE "OPRS - ONE PRE STRETCH" Film pre-stretch ratio set to 200% Foil application tension electronically controlled via control unit Foil specification Max. outer diameter Ø250mm - height = 500mm - core Ø76mm Standard connection values: 230 V - 1PH+N+PE - 50/60 HZ Total power: 1.2KW / 8A Optional: pinion for OPRS pre-stretching ratio of 150% / 250% / 300% possible Other systems available from the Ludwigsburg warehouse.

Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 1 h, condition: as good as new (ex-display), The CE10 series is an electrically powered high-pressure cleaner. This model is the ideal tool for general cleaning tasks. Built into a stainless steel frame, this robust high-pressure cleaner is easy to move and can be equipped with various accessories, such as rotary nozzles, chemical injectors, and a sandblasting kit. It is similar to, but not a Dynajet, Falch, Kärcher, Oertzen, etc. Available models: ----- CE10-series L/min CE10-200 bar 21 10 hp water blaster unit 50Hz CE10-200 bar 25 10 hp water blaster unit 60Hz CE10-200 bar 21 10 hp water blaster unit 50Hz with start/stop CE10-200 bar 25 10 hp water blaster unit 60Hz with start/stop CE10-250 bar 15 10 hp water blaster unit 50Hz CE10-250 bar 18 10 hp water blaster unit 60Hz CE10-250 bar 15 10 hp water blaster unit 50Hz with start/stop CE10-250 bar 18 10 hp water blaster unit 60Hz with start/stop General specifications: Nsdpfx Aehf Na Isbuolh ----- Drive motor power: 7.5 kW (50Hz) / 9 kW (60Hz) Voltage: 400V (50Hz) - 440V (60Hz) Amps: 15.1A (50Hz) - 15.6A (60Hz) Dimensions: 690 mm x 560 mm x 900 mm Weight: 70 kg Includes standard accessories.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2015, Volume of working container: 200 l Usable volume: 125 l Nledswcd Nzjpfx Abuoh Max. workpiece (diagonal): 170 mm Screen area: 2190 cm² Max. centrifugal force: 49,000 N Coating is partially defective.