Used Twin-Screw Feeder / Dosing Unit for sale (36,767)

Year of construction: 1995, condition: excellent (used), Grasso Screw Unit Amonia with 132KW motor/3000rpm with oil cooler Pedohryh Aopfx Apvogl Cap.= 641 KW at +0C°/+35C° Flow rate= 611m3/h

Year of construction: 2009, condition: excellent (used), Grasso Screw Unit Amonia with 250 KW motor,VSD start/6000rpm Compressor: SAB 159 M - renewed 2022 with oil cooler watercooled and control panel Psdpepvizzjfx Apvegl Cap.= 432,7KW at -16C°/+35C° Maintanance through JCI

Condition: like new (used), screw diameter: 82 mm, Screw assembly (plasticizing unit) in 82mm Suitable for: DEMAG D430-2350 NC II + NC III machines DEMAG D400-2800 NC III DEMAG D500-2800 NC III Shot weight: 1390g = 1560ccm (D430-2350 NC II & NC III) Shot weight: 1490g = 1670ccm (D400/D500-2800 NC III) The mounting block (cooling flange) must be transferred from the old cylinder. The screw and barrel are as new (dimensions are OK) Pgodpfx Apew A R H Tsvsl Complete with RSP.

Year of construction: 1982, condition: ready for operation (used), A twin screw extruder is offered. Drive: ASEA electric motor type ACA 200-6L, 50.5kW, 1460rpm. Inspection possible by prior arrangement. Pgedpfx Ajx Hifvspvsl

Year of construction: 2014, condition: as good as new (ex-display), PSS SM 700 + PSS G 250 A ID.NO. 2336 Pgodsifpl Ispfx Apvjl Pss SM-700 liter paddle mixer model year 2014 with associated Pss G 250 A screw conveyor from 2016. Complete package in very good condition. Mixer dimensions D 230 W 125 cm H 235 cm. Giraffe D 140 W 125 cm H 250 cm.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2023, machine/vehicle number: 231293, Offer 25452 Technical data: Pgodpfx Apjx I Izrovsl - Operating hours: 754 h - Working pressure: up to 13 bar - Delivery rate: 860 l/min - Drive: 400 V / 7.5 kW - Galvanised air receiver: 500 l - Integrated dryer RENNER Type RKT + 0065 - Automatic condensate drain - Required space: approx. W 650 x H 1650 x D 1400 mm - Weight: approx. 350 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, machine/vehicle number: A II 151768, Offer 25979 - Operating hours 16550 h Pgodjwrcq Nepfx Apvol - Operating pressure 10 bar - Delivery rate 15.9 l/s - Drive 400 V / 7.5 kW - Motor speed 3000 rpm - Air tank 250 L - Required space approx. W 700 x H 1830 x D 1050 mm - Weight approx. 250 kg

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), Screw diameter: 59mm, screw rotational speed: 25-250/min, with complete documentation, control cabinet, screen changer, side dosing unit, granulator and additional accessories. Pedpfx Aohtvmhspvogl

Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 30,000 h, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 20526471, Laboratory Twin Screw Extruder – Coperion ZSK 26 Mc18 (40 L/D) with a 26 mm screw diameter Featuring all the characteristics of the ZSK Mc18 series, this extruder is ideal for formulation development and compound sampling, as well as for manufacturing small compound batches of up to approximately 180 kg/h. Compared to the previous model ZSK 26 Mc, the new laboratory extruder enables throughput increases of up to 100%, owing to the torque having been increased to 15 Nm/cm³. The extruder is mobile and space-saving as the control cabinet is integrated into the machine’s base frame. Heating and cooling systems are installed and operational (plug & play). Machine No.: 20526471 Year of manufacture: 2012 Operating hours: approx. 30,000 h Condition: Used, in operation Technical specifications: Extruder type: Twin screw extruder Model: ZSK 26 Mc18 Process length: 40 L/D Drive power: 36.9 kW Power supply: 3 × 400 V (−10 % / +6 %), 50 Hz ±2 % Barrel configuration: E-0-0-S-0-0-1-0-V-0 Output: approx. 150–200 kg/h, depending on formulation, raw material, and required product quality Applications: Highly filled compounds, masterbatch applications Suitable for processing: LLDPE, LDPE, HDPE, PP, PPR, PS, ABS, PET, and biopolymers Scope of delivery Gravimetric feeding system: - K-Tron gravimetric feeders Pgedpfsyhd Dbsx Apvsl - 1 × pellet feeder - 1 × powder feeder (twin screw design) Side feeding / degassing: - 1 × side feeder ZS-B25 - 1 × vacuum side degassing unit ZS-EG25 Vacuum system: Busch vacuum pump Plastex MI 0120 B 222 CNX6, specifically designed for PET applications. Please note: Vacuum pump is not included. Process monitoring: - Melt pressure sensor system - Melt temperature sensor system - PLC integration Pelletizing system (strand pelletizing): - Air dryer unit not included - Strand pelletizer SP50 - Water bath Peripheral equipment: - Bag emptying station for pellets - Conveying system to the feeders Spare parts: - Spare parts included, second screw set.

Year of construction: 2008, condition: good (used), Grist dust removal + 2 comp. Grav. dosing unit MB Engineering T 250, year: 2008, price: 6.800 €, contact: Mr. Rainer Eckerle Pjdpfed S S Rzsx Apvogl

Year of construction: 2005, condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, Twin parallel screw extruder - Manufacturer: WEBER - Type: DS 8.5 - Year: 2005 - Double parallel screws ø85mm 17D Pgjdsuziyhjpfx Apvsl - 5 heating zones on the cylinder + 2 cooling zones - 5 tool heating zones - Engine power: 56kW - Up to 150kg/h profile - 230kg/h tubes Very good condition

Year of construction: 2001, operating hours: 64,499 h, condition: good (used), Conical screws, approx. 110 kg/h. A.C. motor 30.0 kW. New motor, 64,499 operating hours. Pjdpfx Apsw Hy Uuovegl

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, IWR 2000D - The fruit washer with mill for fruits and vegetables is made entirely of high-quality stainless steel and is equipped with a sorting grate, a washing tank, and a conveyor belt. The fruits are immersed in water and, after pre-washing, transported via the conveyor belt where they are thoroughly cleaned with fresh water. Afterwards, the cleaned fruits enter the mill, where they are processed to the desired mash consistency using the selected sieve. The washing system is also equipped with a dosing attachment for pack presses. Technical Information • Nominal capacity: 1500 kg/h • Power requirement: 3 kW, 400 V, 16 A • Material: WNr. 1.4301, AISI 304 stainless steel • Washing tank water capacity: 120 L per batch Pgsdpfxotu Ikce Apvel • Water consumption: 12 L/min • Water connection: 3/4” quick coupling • Electric control cabinet with IP65 protection rating • Swiveling Rätz mill • Equipped with rollable wheels • Easy to clean • Through the frequency converter, the conveyor capacity can be easily adjusted Dimensions: Length: 3250 mm Width: 840 mm Height: 2270 mm Weight: 160 kg

Year of construction: 2004, condition: reconditioned (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 40EV.118, Twin-screw extruder model EBC 40HT/37D Screw diameter: 42mm Main motor power: 51kW L/D: 37 Center distance: 35mm The extruder consists of a machine base, reduction gearbox, and a distribution gearbox equipped with special bearings capable of ensuring perfect operation with a backpressure of up to 150 bar. The barrel is a modular cylindrical type, with a length equivalent to 37 screw diameters, divided into eight sections. Temperature regulation of each barrel module is achieved by forced circulation of demineralized water through a series of horizontally drilled holes in each module. Heating is provided by cartridge heaters. The screws are made up of interchangeable segments and are mounted on splined shafts, allowing for the configuration best suited to the required processing. Barrels and screws are manufactured from highly wear-resistant steel. The degassing system consists of a 1.5kW liquid ring vacuum pump connected to the dedicated module by easy-to-clean piping; extracted gases are condensed in a special container for easy cleaning. The drive system features a (Siemens) 51kW AC motor with an inverter, enclosed in an electrical cabinet equipped with appropriate safety features and control signals. The control panel (integrated into the extruder) is divided into two sections: power, and temperature control. The cabinet is equipped with an air-conditioning unit. Pgjdpfsyg Eghex Apvsl The extruder comes with a closed-loop water/water temperature control unit (1.1kW pump). Chiller not included.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Dispenser/Dosing Unit made of stainless steel Overall dimensions: 1600 x 600 x 1900 mm Included equipment: 4 pneumatic dosing heads Height-adjustable base Psdpfx Aoycl Iwjpvegl The dosing unit is designed for precise dispensing of products in production processes. Equipped with four pneumatic dosing heads, it enables simultaneous portioning of several product streams, significantly increasing the efficiency and repeatability of dosing operations in processing lines. The device is mounted on a height-adjustable base, facilitating adaptation to various types of workplaces and integration with other machines in packaging or filling processes. The pneumatic dispensers operate using air pressure, allowing for precise and hygienic dosing of products with different consistencies, commonly used in the food, cosmetic, or chemical industries.

Year of construction: 2023, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2VHD12-3D Hygienic Dispenser, Hygienic metering pump for precise volumetric dosing of low- to high-viscosity and chunky media. Podjxcgihepfx Apvjgl Product-contacting surfaces Elastomers with FDA compliance declaration Product-contact parts can be autoclaved Easy integration due to compact design

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, XTS56 - 24D Twin Screw Extruder Pjdpfx Apew Snlwovsgl • Water Cooled 130kW AC Motor and Drive. – Low Noise

Year of construction: 2024, condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 04344, BRAND NEW Leistritz ZSE Maxx Series (27 / 40 / 50) – 48 L/D – 0 Hours – Factory Wrapped! Technical Specifications Manufacturer: Leistritz Extrusionstechnik GmbH Models Available: ZSE 50 Maxx ZSE 40 Maxx ZSE 27 Maxx Year of Manufacture: 2024 Condition: 100% Brand New (Zero operating hours, completely unused, still in original factory packaging/wrapping) Pedoy Ufk Rjpfx Apvjgl L/D Ratio: 48 L/D (All units upgraded directly by Leistritz with brand-new complete barrel sets and new shafts) All machines are with side feeders. Description Available for immediate individual or package sale: Three (3) pristine, 2024 Leistritz ZSE Maxx Twin-Screw Extruders (Models: ZSE 50 Maxx, ZSE 40 Maxx, and ZSE 27 Maxx). These machines were originally dedicated laboratory units held by Leistritz. To meet high-specification production requirements, Leistritz directly upgraded all three machines to a 48 L/D ratio. These OEM upgrades included a brand-new, complete barrel set and brand-new shafts installed entirely by the factory. All three machines are in 100% brand-new condition with zero (0) operating hours. They remain fully wrapped and packed in their original factory delivery boxes—they have never been opened, touched, or commissioned since arriving from Leistritz. Each machine is a complete, turnkey system supplied with its own high-end feeding setup, control architecture, and an extensive array of genuine auxiliary tools and spare parts. Scope of Delivery & Included Accessories (Per Machine) Feeding & Extrusion Setup Volumetric Feeder & Side Feeder (with dedicated side feeder trolley) Feed Ports Downstream & Die Attachments Strand Die Head, Die Plates, & Screen Carrier Plates Control & Electrical System Full Control Cabinet (including the Macrometer integrated into the operational panel) Complete set of Connection Cables & Cables for the Main Drive Comprehensive Spare Parts Kit for the control cabinet Vacuum & Degassing System Spare set of Screw Vacuum Pumps, Vacuum Hoses, & Vacuum Gauges Vacuum Pump Heating/Cooling Systems & Connection Hoses Sensors, Maintenance & Installation Melt Temperature & Melt Pressure Sensors Screw Mounting Device, Screw Extractors, & Cleaning Brushes Lifting Rods, Leveling Elements, & Corrosion Inhibitors Listing Summary for Buyers Available Models: ZSE 27 Maxx, ZSE 40 Maxx, ZSE 50 Maxx. Immediate Availability: Skip the massive factory lead times for a brand-new Leistritz line. OEM Guaranteed: All modifications and extensions to 48 L/D were performed officially by Leistritz. Pricing available for individual machines or as a complete 3-machine package. Photos of the packed crates and original documentation are available upon request.

Condition: used, Feeding technology / Feeding system / Vibratory feeder / Sorting unit / Bowl feeder Vibratory bowl, sorting device / Screw feeding with vibratory feeder for screw technology Feeding system DEPRAG Type: 0611-P/0.75-1S No.: 1183885 Year: 2011 - 2012 The system was used for feeding electrical connector pins. Product dimensions: Ø 4 mm, length 39 mm The pins are preloaded in the material hopper; the feed belt conveys the pins as required into the bowl feeder. Pedpfx Apskpwuujvogl From the bowl feeder, the product is transferred via the linear feeder to the product inverter. The product inverter orients the product into the correct position and makes it available for further processing. The unit comes from a prototype system; the external electrical control unit is not present and should be replaced by a PLC. Without modification, for example, suitable for the automatic and properly oriented feeding of threaded pins up to M4 x 40. The unit consists of the following components: 1 piece belt hopper / feed conveyor DEPRAG Type: B 10 Serial no.: 1178201 Order no.: 415050A Year: 2011 Fill volume: 10 liters Belt speed: 100 mm/min. Operating voltage: 24 V (DC) - Belt surface dimpled - Foldable stainless steel chute Weight 11 kg 1 piece bowl feeder KENDRION Type: OA C006.504101 / OA C006029 / KQF 465 B5 Bowl diameter (top): 200 mm Bowl diameter (bottom): 100 mm Bowl internal height: approx. 75 mm Sorting track width: approx. 5 to 8 mm Operating voltage: 230 V, 50 Hz. 1 piece DEPRAG vibratory controller for the bowl feeder Type: SZG Controller 6 Serial no: 35 pieces linear feeder KENDRION Type: WS3B/36 Part no: WSB003,564025 Operating voltage: 230 V, 50 Hz. 1 piece DEPRAG vibratory controller for the linear feeder Type: SZG Controller 6 Serial no: 35 pieces product inverter FESTO with 180° swivel range - 1 piece FESTO valve block CPV10-VI 18200 - Compressed air requirement approx. 6 bar - 1 piece MURR base module type MVP12 - Complete unit mounted on a steel plate with 4 support legs Space requirements (L x W x H): 1150 x 520 x 860 mm Weight: 100 kg Very good condition

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, Function tested; item originates from decommissioning of equipment from an automotive supplier Manufacturer: Cleco / Apex Tool Group Type: TSE 961446PT Voltage: 380 V DC Pgodpsyq R T Usfx Apvsl Current: 2–10 A DC Operating temperature: –20 to +70 °C Humidity: 0–90 % non-condensing You can also find the corresponding screw controller in our shop!

Condition: used, Electro Dual Screwdriving Unit with Automatic Feed and Pneumatic Double Stroke BÖLLHOFF Type UVS-100-2-R-E The Böllhoff Uniquick Vario UVS-100-2-R-E dual screwdriving unit is equipped with a pneumatic double stroke, operated via Festo valves and cylinders. Additionally, various monitoring systems are installed for full automation. Technical data: Torque of electric screwdriver: 0.6 Nm Gearbox torque: max. 10 Nm Speed: max. 20,000 rpm Rated voltage: 3~ 0-230 VAC Current consumption: max. 7 A (per screwdriver) Pneumatic long-stroke cylinder: 80 mm Pneumatic short-stroke cylinder: 20 mm Total pneumatic stroke: 100 mm Spring stroke for screwdriver: 20 mm Distance between both screwdriving tools: 73 mm - Equipped with a TORX bit T27 or TP27 (presumably for M6 screws) - Requires Bosch Rexroth LT303 power module for operation (power module not included) Screwdrivers 1 and 2 are each composed of the following components: Rexroth type servo motor Rexroth type 0 planetary gearbox Rexroth type 0 encoder Rexroth type 0 straight drive output Component details: Electric screwdriver unit Rexroth Servo motor Rexroth Type: EC302 SZ3 Material number: 0 Torque: 0.6 Nm Peak torque: 0.7 Nm Speed: max. 20,000 rpm Current consumption: max. 7 A Rated voltage: 3~ 0-230 VAC Weight: 0.8 kg Gearbox unit Rexroth Type: 3GE27 SZ3 Pgodpfohxvu Esx Apvol Material no.: 0 Efficiency: 90% Gear ratio: i=18.9 Torque: max. 10 Nm Weight: 0.4 kg Installation length: 65.5 mm Encoder Rexroth Type: 2DMC012 SZ2 Material no.: 0 Nominal torque: 12 Nm Reduction ratio: 1 Efficiency: 1 Weight: 0.55 kg Installation length: 118.5 mm Straight drive output Rexroth Type: 2GA82 SZ2 1/4" SQ Material no.: 0 Spring travel: 20 mm Spring force: 16 - 34 N Tool holder: 1/4" square Max. torque: 10 Nm Reduction ratio: 1 Weight: 0.2 kg Installation length: 90 mm One 7 m motor connection cable is included in the delivery. Overall dimensions W x H x D: approx. 180 x 920 x 300 mm Total weight: approx. 20 kg Good condition

Condition: used, Electric dual screwdriver unit with automatic feed and pneumatic double stroke, mounted on handling device, handling system, manipulator for screwdriving technology. Screwdriving Unit: BÖLLHOFF / BOSCH REXROTH Type UVS-100-2-R-E The Böllhoff Uniquick Vario UVS-100-2-R-E dual screwdriver unit features a pneumatic double stroke via Festo valves and cylinders. Various monitoring systems are installed to enable full automation. Screwdriver 1 consists of the following components: - Rexroth type servomotor - Rexroth type 0 planetary gearbox - Rexroth type 0 encoder - Rexroth type 0 straight drive head Screwdriver 2 consists of the following components: - Rexroth type servomotor - Rexroth type 0 planetary gearbox - Rexroth type 0 encoder - Rexroth type 0 offset drive head Dimensions (WxHxD): 165 x 1000 x 200 mm Pneumatic long stroke: 30 mm Pneumatic short stroke: 20 mm Screwdriver spring travel: 20 mm Last screws used: M6 x 15 mm Electric screwdriver unit Rexroth Servomotor Rexroth Type: EC302 SZ3 Material number: 0 Torque: 0.6 Nm/A Peak torque: 0.7 Nm Speed: max. 20,000 rpm Current draw: max. 7 A Weight: 0.8 kg Gearbox unit Rexroth Type: 3GE27 SZ3 Material No.: 0 Efficiency: 90% Reduction ratio: i=18.9 Max. torque: 10 Nm Weight: 0.4 kg Installation length: 65.5 mm Encoder Rexroth Type: 2DMC012 SZ2 Material No.: 0 Nominal torque: 12 Nm Reduction: 1 Efficiency: 1 Weight: 0.55 kg Installation length: 118.5 mm Straight drive head Rexroth Type: 2GA82 SZ2 1/4"SQ Material No.: 0 Spring travel: 20 mm Spring force: 16 - 34 N Tool holder: 1/4" square Max. torque: 10 Nm Reduction: 1 Weight: 0.2 kg Installation length: 90 mm Offset drive head Rexroth Type: 2VNA82 SZ2 1/4"SQ Material No.: 0 Spring travel: 20 mm Spring force: 16 - 34 N Tool holder: 1/4" square Max. torque: 10 Nm Reduction: 1 Weight: 0.6 kg Installation length: 153 mm Handling system: JÄGER HANDLING Type: Handy-flex 300 Horizontal movement: 400 mm Vertical movement: 450 mm Load capacity: max. 14 kg Handyflex reach: 250 to 650 mm Handyflex reach (swung out): max. 860 mm Swivel radius at full extension: max. 360° Guide column vertical: Ø 30 mm Guide columns horizontal: Ø 20 mm - Balancer for vertical movement - Adjustable load capacity - Adjustable stop for limiting swivel radius Pjdpjfx Hyfjfx Apvsgl Dimensions (L x W x H): approx. 1150 x 650 x 1400 mm Total weight: approx. 90 kg Good condition Without the blue steel pallet as base plate Blue steel base plate is not included in the scope of delivery.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, Machine for dosing dry or liquid ingredients into liquid products such as ice cream or butter, consisting of a dosing unit, lamella transfer pump, horizontal mixer (for butter applications), and control cabinet. The hopper is fitted with a stainless-steel auger feeding the ingredients to the lamella pump; products may be dry or liquid provided sufficient viscosity. Capacity ranges from 200–4,000 l/h for liquid products and 20–400 l/h for dry products. The 70-liter hopper is mounted on three weighing/load cells. The system includes an inline horizontal mixer, is installed on a stainless-steel frame with adjustable feet, and all relevant components are suitable for CIP cleaning. The unit is equipped with two DN100 tri-clamp connections, supplied with documentation in French, and has no local operator panel as operation is centralized. Pgjdpfox Ttdcex Apvjl

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, Ingredient doser / Fruit feeder. To add a dry ingredient to a liquid like ice cream or butter (this machine). Main components of the unit: 1.) Dosing unit, 2.) Lamella transfer pump, 3.) Horizontal Mixer (used on butter) and 4.) Control panel. Hopper with 1 x SS auger to feed of ingredients to the lamella pump. Product to be dosed can be dry or liquid if it has sufficient viscosity to be retained by the augers. Liquid product capacity 200 - 4.000 liter per hour, dry product capacity 20 - 400 liter per hour. Hopper ± 70 L mounted on 3 weighing/load cells. With inline horizontal mixer. On SS frame with adjustable feet, parts for CIP cleaning. Connections: 2x DN100 Tri-clamp. With documentation (in French). No operation panel (was centralised). Total dimensions: 206x110x163 (lxwxh) cm - weight: 237 kg. Pgjdpfx Ajx Idh Ijpvol

Condition: used, Vibratory Feeder with Pneumatic Screwdriver Stand Eco Line Vibratory Feeder, Sorting Device, Bowl Feeder, Vibratory Bowl, Automatic Screwdriver WEBER Type ZSU 24 Machine No.: 1113212 Year of Manufacture: 2003 Vibratory Feeder WEBER ZSU 24 Bowl diameter: 240 mm Bowl internal height: 70 mm Sorting track width: 10 mm Power supply: 230 Volt, 50 Hz Operating pressure: 6 bar (for singulation and screws) Control voltage for pneumatic valves: 24 Volt - Controller for infinitely variable vibration speed = infinitely variable transport speed - Vibratory bowl in protective enclosure - With pneumatic feeding system - Feed impulse via external electrical control - The feeder was used for feeding screws M5 x 12 mm - Some pneumatic hoses need to be replaced - Siemens S7-200 CPU 224 PLC MISSING Space requirements vibratory bowl L x W x H: 450 x 450 x 315 mm Vibratory bowl weight: 32 kg WEVER Eco Line Screwdriver Stand Guide column: Ø 60 x 525 mm Height adjustment: 345 mm Primary stroke pneumatic cylinder 1 FESTO DZF-32-125-P-A-SM: 115 mm Screwdriver holder diameter: Ø 50 mm Secondary stroke pneumatic cylinder 2 FESTO: 30 mm Screwdriver guide diameter: Ø 37 mm Distance screwdriver guide to table: 135 - 465 mm - 1 piece flat cylinder FESTO, Type DZF-32-125-P-A-SM - 1 piece flat cylinder FESTO, Type probably DZF-32-30-P-A-SM - Screwdriver linear motion frame on linear guide - 3 position sensors on the cylinders - Festo pressure switch - Bosch pneumatic valve Screwdriver stand dimensions W x D x H: 200 x 410 x 1050 mm Screwdriver stand weight: 35 kg good condition Total weight vibratory feeder and screwdriver stand: 67 kg Pgodpfsxf Up Uex Apvsl Attention: The original Siemens S7-200 CPU 224 PLC is missing (see picture control cabinet without PLC), therefore, an automatic process is not possible in this condition. The control system also managed the separations of the screws and controlled the screwdriver itself. The vibratory bowl is fully functional even without the PLC, the built-in vibratory bowl controller does not require PLC control. Process: Fasteners are filled into the bowl in bulk and conveyed upward by mechanical vibration (micro-throw principle). The vibratory bowl is automatically switched on or off depending on the fill level of the screw magazine. The screw is then conveyed by compressed air through a plastic hose to the downstream device. The feed impulse for each individual screw is triggered externally by the downstream device.