Used Center Hole Grinding Machine for sale (71,184)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, Year 2004 With 8 station Fastem pallet loading system with tombs Tooling & manuals Chodpfx Alozxr Twe Aec 12,000rpm 40 ATC DIN40 / Renishaw probing Pallet size 400mm x 400mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Grinding length: 600 mm Grinding width: 250 mm Workpiece height: 450 mm Electromagnetic clamping table: 600 x 250 mm Grinding wheel diameter: 300 x 50 x 76.2 mm Spindle speed - stepless: 800 - 4200 rpm Total power requirement: 4 kW Chedpfx Aljz Ayrvo Asc Machine weight: approx. 2.9 t

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, Control Heidenhain TNC 640 x-travel 600 mm y-travel 450 mm z-travel 450 mm Cjdpfx Aljz Ic Afs Aohc spindle tunring speed 20.000 U/min tool taper HSK-A63 number of tool places 170 Pos. Condition: Used Technical features & accessories: - Tool magazine, MIKRON ATC 170 - Tool cooling system, HABOR PRECISE INC - Oil mist/air filter, DSL Signatec 15 - Chip conveyor, KNOLL 500 K-1 - Workpiece magazine with 7 stations Accessories, tools, and clamping devices shown are included in the scope of delivery only if specified in the additional information. Subject to change, errors in technical data and specifications, and prior sale!

Condition: excellent (used), grinding wheel diameter: 508 mm, grinding length: 3,500 mm, overall weight: 8,000 kg, power of the servo motor: 42,000 W, year of last overhaul: 2010, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, We are selling our own Lidköing 4B centerless grinding machine with circulation station from our subsidiary in Slovakia. The machine is powered and can be inspected. The circulation station is suitable for shafts up to a length of approx. 3,000 mm. This means that shafts with multiple grindings can be continuously finished. The coolant system has a cooling system for tempering the coolant. The Lidköping 4b grinding machine has an adjustable grinding and regulating wheel. The machine is from 1970 and was completely overhauled technically and electrically at Markmetall in 2010. The grinding machine was rebuilt in 2018 with a newly built circulation station from SH attachments/Markmetall. Since then, the machine can be operated as an automatic centerless grinding machine. Extensive documents are available. Codpfsvuq Hxox Al Aehc

Condition: used, grinding length:650 mm grinding width:450 mm workpiece height:425 (ohne Magnetplatte) mm max. workpiece weight:600 kg weight of the machine ca.:3,8 t total power requirement:15 kW machine dimensions approx. WxHxD:3,0 x 2,4 x 2,3 m Used/reconditioned surface grinding machine, make GER, type RSA-650. Automatic infeed in all 3 axes. Machine geometrically overhauled, repainted (RAL6011, green), all functions tested, accuracy checked. Chedpefkg H Tjfx Al Aoc OVERHAUL SCOPE: Machine completely disassembled, all components thoroughly cleaned and tested for complete functionality. Main spindle newly mounted, concentricity 3 µ. All guideways newly scraped in new machine geometry. Wear parts replaced, defective components repaired or replaced. Reassembly, complete functional test and internal acceptance. Machine repainted. Machine in perfect condition, ready for production. MEASURED GEOMETRIC ACCURACIES: Actual geometric accuracy after overhaul, measurement with dial gauge. Geometry of machine axes X and Z X = longitudinal axis 650 mm Z = transverse axis 450 mm Measurement magnet traversed with dial gauge. X axis = Max. Deviation 0,008 mm Z axis = Max. Deviation 0,005 mm INCL. THE FOLLOWING ACCESSORIES: -Electro-magnetic clamping plate, with fine longitudinal pole pitch. dimensions 600 x 400mm -demagnetizing device -Complete coolant device with paper band filter - Digital display of the vertical axis (Y-axis), make Sony -Technical documentation in English language -1 pieces grinding wheel holders -1 piece grinding wheel dresser, mounted above the grinding wheel with manual infeed and automatic (hydraulically operated) transverse movement - 1 set of setting elements You can find more information in the attachment. Payment: 100% before loading the machine Warranty: 6 months on the geometry and the new parts demonstrably installed. No general legal warranty.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, Control Heidenhain x-travel 800 mm y-travel 1.020 mm z-travel 1.020 mm Condition: Used The machine has been overhauled by GROB. Technical features & accessories: - HYFRA cooling unit - KNOLL KF-220 belt filter - KNOLL 750K-1 chip conveyor - TM218-9 tool magazine - SCHULER LMC900 automatic pallet loader - 10 pallet stations - Movable robot arm Accessories, tools, and workholding devices shown are included in the scope of Csdpjz Hz Nhofx Al Aehc delivery only if specified in the additional information. Subject to change, errors in technical data/specifications, and prior sale.

Condition: good (used), Cylindrical grinding machine, external cylindrical grinding machine, internal cylindrical grinding machine, centering grinding machine, center grinding machine -Max. shaft diameter: 320 mm -Max. grinding length: 345 mm -Chuck size: Ø 133 mm Chjdpfxjduiw As Al Aec -Dimensions: 1925/1135/H1755 mm -Weight: 1592 kg -functionally tested

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, functionality: fully functional, grinding length: 5,000 mm, grinding wheel diameter: 750 mm, grinding diameter: 580 mm, workpiece weight between centers: 4,000 g, Used Gioria RU/S 5000 External Cylindrical Grinding Machine – High-Precision Grinding Technology for Large Parts Available from August 2025 – Viewing under power possible! This robust and precise Gioria RU/S 5000 external cylindrical grinding machine was developed for machining workpieces up to 5,000 mm long and 4,000 kg in weight. With its hydrostatic grinding spindle bearings and a powerful 20 kW drive, it offers the highest precision and excellent grinding results – ideal for use in heavy-duty machining and the production of high-precision components. 🔹 Key Features: ✔ Max. grinding diameter: 580 mm ✔ Grinding length: 5,000 mm ✔ Workpiece weight: up to 4,000 kg ✔ Hydrostatic grinding spindle bearings for vibration-free operation ✔ Large grinding wheel diameter 750 mm for efficient material removal ✔ Continuously adjustable workpiece spindle speed (10–180 rpm) for optimal adaptation to different workpieces ✔ Hydraulic table drive (0.05–4.0 m/min) for precise longitudinal movements Cjdpfx Ajv Tnhwel Aehc ✔ Digital display for the X-axis for exact feed Powerful features for maximum efficiency The machine is equipped with extensive accessories, including: ✅ Coolant cleaning system with paper belt filter (tank capacity: 450 liters) ✅ 6 grinding wheel holders for flexible machining options ✅ 8 steady rests for stable workpiece guidance during long machining operations Components ✅ Dressing device positioned on the tailstock for precise dressing of the grinding wheel Ready for immediate use – viewing available in Stuttgart! This machine is currently still live and can be demonstrated. Further data: Center height 300 mm Center width 5000 mm Max. workpiece diameter 580 mm Max. workpiece diameter with steady rest 30 – 400 mm Max. workpiece weight between centers 4000 kg Machine taper in the workhead: MT 6 Machine taper in the tailstock: MT 6 Operating voltage 400 V/ 50 Hz Machine weight approx. 20,000 kg Space requirement approx. 13 x 3.5 m Grinding wheel headstock Grinding spindle drive 20 kW Hydrostatic grinding spindle bearing Grinding wheel, max. 750 x 100 x 305 mm Grinding wheel peripheral speed, max. 1 – 34 m/sec. (for wheels Ø 750 mm) Workhead Speed range, continuously adjustable 10-180 rpm MT 6 taper chuck Swivel range +/- 45 degrees Worktable Hydraulic table drive – continuously adjustable 0.05 – 4.0 m/min Worktable swivel range +/- 4 degrees Tailstock Hydraulic quill stroke Quill stroke 90 mm MT 6 center chuck Dressing device positioned on the tailstock Coolant purification system Coolant tank with pressure pump and paper belt filter Tank capacity 450 liters 📍 Delivery: Free on truck from site 📅 Available from August 2025 ⚙ Warranty: None, as this is a used machine Take advantage of this opportunity to acquire a high-quality cylindrical grinding machine for your production. Perfect for large and heavy workpieces – secure this machine now for precise grinding at the highest level!

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, Used milling machine from Hartford Type: VMC-1600S Heidenhain iTNC530 CNC control X = 1600 mm Y = 800 mm Z = 660 mm Table dimensions: 1700 x 750 mm / max. 2000 kg 20-tool automatic tool changer Equipped with a 4th axis on the table Chsdpfx Alez Hbf No Aoc

Condition: used, Brand and Model: ACME GOZUA RC 2-75 Type: CENTERLESS HYDRAULIC CYCLES Intermitten ( with stop at the end of the cycle.) Chodpfx Aszq Sfksl Aec Total time for fast feed, slow grinding feed, and stop at the feed carriage setting ( adjustable by timer) 1 to 100 sec.. DIAMOND CUTTING Maximum diameter difference in copy: 8 mm Total tMaximum copy taper : 30º COOLING EQUIPMENT Pump flow rate : 45 l /min Tank capacity: 100 l Decanting compartments : 4 EXTERNAL AND MAIN DIMENSIONS Total machine length: 2.350 mm Total machine width : 1.560 mm Total machine height: 1.450 mm Height of the grinding wheel axes 1.050 mm. External dimensions of shipping packaging : 2.400x1.700x1.600 mm Shipping packaging volume: 6.53m3 WEIGHTS Net: 2.340 kg Gross with cage packaging : 2.445 kg Gross with shipping packaging: 2.485 kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 3,648 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 625 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 650 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 650 mm, controller model: Siemens Sinumerik 840D, spindle speed (max.): 10,000 rpm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range X-axis: 625 mm Travel range Y-axis: 650 mm Travel range Z-axis: 650 mm B-axis swivel range: 360° B-axis resolution: 0.001° B-axis speed: 100 rpm Spindle speed: 50–10,000 rpm Spindle power: 24 / 37 kW Spindle torque: 250 / 350 Nm Spindle operating hours: 3,648 h Tool interface: HSK-A63 according to DIN 69893 Number of pallets: 2 Pallet size: 500 × 400 mm Pallet load capacity: 400 kg Pallet change time: 8 / 5 s T-slots: according to DIN 55201 Magazine capacity: 60 Max. tool diameter: 80 mm Max. tool diameter with free adjacent slots: 160 mm Cjdpfoz Izc Rjx Al Aehc Max. tool length: 350 mm Max. tool weight: 10 kg Max. total weight of tools: 200 kg MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Siemens Sinumerik 840D Coolant tank volume: approx. 1,100 l Coolant pressure: 50 bar Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W): 5,800 x 4,800 mm Machine weight: 12,800 kg Total automatic operation: 32,099 h Total operating hours: 20,326 h Spindle hours: 3,648 h EQUIPMENT Pallet changer Chain magazine with 60 tool positions Knoll coolant unit with filter fleece Emulsion cooling inside and outside Renishaw measuring probe Tool breakage monitoring in the magazine Chip conveyor Sound enclosure Paper band filter Rinsing gun at the setup station Closed work area enclosure according to UVV Pallet sequence operation Network connection Ethernet interface Technical documentation Layout plan

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, Used straight-line glass edging machine, NEPTUN, Model Rock 11, Year 2019. Cjdpfxez H I E Ne Al Ashc

Year of construction: 2003, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 300-M270100, Schüco PBS 5-axis – year of manufacture 2003 – fully functional – ideal as a complete spare/donor machine. The machine is currently operational and can be inspected while running. Due to its age, various original parts are no longer available from Schüco. Therefore, the machine is being sold at any reasonable offer. Preferably sold as a complete unit; the buyer is responsible for disassembly and transport. TECHNICAL DETAILS X-axis: 6,650 mm Y-axis: 800 mm Z-axis: 500 mm X-axis feed rate: 0-40 m/min X-axis rapid traverse: 40 m/min Y- and Z-axis feed rate: 0-30 m/min Y- and Z-axis rapid traverse: 30 m/min B-axis rotation: from 0-90° continuously C-axis rotation: from 0-360° continuously Rotation speed of B- and C-axes: 10,000°/min Positioning accuracy within a macro: max. 300 mm ±0.1 mm Positioning accuracy over a length of 6,000 mm: < ±0.15 mm MILLING Maximum tool dimensions for milling and drilling: Ø 50 mm, length = 60 mm Maximum tool dimensions for disc milling: Ø 300 mm Maximum spindle motor power: 7 kW Spindle motor power for disc milling: 7 kW Spindle motor speed: 0-30,000 rpm Tool change time: < 15 s (from clamping to clamping) Tool holder: HSK-E-40 steep taper Tool magazine: 9 plus 1 Total machine weight: 6.5 tons WORKING AREA Number of clamping blocks: 8 pcs Positioning of the clamping blocks: automatic Maximum profile length for 3-sided machining: 6,650 mm Csdpjxr N Rmefx Al Aohc Maximum profile length for 5-sided machining: 6,100 mm Maximum profile cross-section with maximum tool length: 300 mm x 230 mm

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2025, Grinding wheel dimensions (OD x ID x width): Ø508 x Ø304.8 x 305 mm Min/max diameter to be ground: 150 mm Grinding wheel width: 305 mm Maximum plunge grinding length: 305 mm Regulating wheel dimensions (OD x ID x width): Ø330 x Ø203 x 305 mm Regulating wheel motor power: 4 kW Grinding wheel spindle motor power: 37 kW Hydraulic motor power: 2.2 kW Total power: 45 kW Cedpfxew R Rq Hj Al Aohc Length: 3,500 mm Width: 2,500 mm Height: 1,100 mm Weight: 6,500 kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, machine/vehicle number: 30019513, CNC machining center Hedelius RS 505 K18 Magnum, Year of manufacture: 2012 with - Heidenhain control system - AME chip conveyor - Machine cooling system - Hedelius KM500 lubricant filtration system The machine is available for purchase via online auction (due to insolvency) on our website. Codpfx Asz E A Shjl Ajhc You can access the website by clicking on the link in the advertisement. Auction end date: October 7, 2026, starting at 6:00 PM.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: 2200180, travel distance X-axis: 1,600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 815 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 815 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,500 rpm, spindle motor power: 20,500 W, The Saeilo Contur KV 1600 is a used vertical machining center, manufactured in 2008 by Kent Industrial in Taiwan and distributed in Germany through Saeilo. With an X-axis travel of 1,600 mm and 815 mm in Y and Z, it is suitable for long plates, housings, and fixture components that can no longer be accommodated on smaller machining centers. It is controlled by a Siemens Sinumerik 840D. The machine is located in the Düsseldorf area. TECHNICAL DATA - Year of manufacture: 2008 - Control: Siemens Sinumerik 840D - Travel X / Y / Z: 1,600 / 815 / 815 mm - Spindle speed max.: 4,500 rpm - Spindle drive: 15 / 20.5 kW, ball screws - Tool holder: ISO 40 - Tool magazine: 32 positions Chedpfez H Uf Njx Al Asc - Gearbox: ZF two-stage gearbox EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES - Chip conveyor Mayfran LT 200 LS - Tool holders, partially populated - Drilling and milling tools - Two vices on the table (according to the photos) CONDITION During our inspection on October 1, 2026, the machine was not in operation. Therefore, we are selling it as untested, in its current condition. We recommend an on-site inspection. AREAS OF APPLICATION Typical applications include plates, housings, molds, and fixtures in mechanical engineering and contract manufacturing. The long X-axis travel also allows for shuttle machining with two setups. LOCATION AND PROCEDURE The machine is located in the Düsseldorf area. Inspection is possible by appointment. The buyer is responsible for disassembly, loading, and transport; upon request, we can provide contact details for local freight forwarders. Price upon request. Please feel free to contact us via the contact form.

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Used NILES ZSTZ 10L gear grinding machine Includes accessories Cjdpfsz H Rm Ajx Al Aehc Available immediately

Condition: used, Grinding wheel dimensions (od x id x width): 610 x 355 x 304.8 mm Min/max diameter to be ground: 2 / 150 mm Regulating wheel speed steps: infinite Min/max regulating wheel speed (rpm): 10 / 225 rpm Dressing (auto/manual): Automatic - CNC Lubrication (auto/manual): Automatic Control type (CNC/manual): CNC CNC brand: FANUC CNC model: Oi TD Plunge (auto/manual): Automatic Regulating wheel dimensions (od x id x width): Ø350 x Ø203.2 x 355 mm Maximum plunge grinding length: 355 mm Chodpfx Alsydqfwe Aec Coolant motor power: 0.70 kW Grinding wheel head motor power: 37 kW Total power: 45 kW Voltage: 220/380V Length: 1,165 mm Width: 3,398 mm Height: 1,700 mm Weight: 14,000 kg Accessories: Inline loader, Coolant filter, Supporting rulers

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, CNC machining center DMG 1035 V ecoline 2010 Siemens 810 D / Shopmill Travel ranges: X-axis: 1035 mm Y-axis: 560 mm Z-axis: 510 mm Spindle: Chedpfsz Iyp Asx Al Aoc Tool holder: SK 40 Speed range: max. 10,000 rpm Tool magazine: 20 magazine positions Table design: Fixed table 1200 x 560 mm - Chip conveyor - Internal cooling lubricant system (IKZ) 20 bar

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2022, grinding diameter:260 mm grinding length:1000 mm centre height:130 mm dimensions of grinding wheel:400x60x127 mm grinding wheel speeds:1700,1900,2200 U/min grinding head swivelling:+/- 30 Grad table swivelling +/-:9 Grad Tailstock spindle taper:4 MK grinding wheel motor:4 kW hydraulic motor:1,5 kW work piece motor:0,37 kW Cedpfog N Nh Dox Al Ashc net weight:2400 kg gross weight:2950 kg PLC control:Siemens S7 tailstock sleeve movement:pneumatic, via foot padel operating panel:New Rittal operating panel with touchscreen screen from Siemens centers sleeves:2 grinding wheel flange:2 unused cylindrical grinding machine, manufactured by ABA type URS 400 Year, 2009 Further technical data, and standard and optional equipment, as defined in Appendix. Payment: 100% before loading of the machine Warranty: no

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, CNC control: WinMax Travel ranges: X/Y/Z: 2200 x 1700 x 750 mm Spindle speed: 12,000 rpm Tool holder: SK 40 Big Plus Drive power: 18/26 kW Tool changer: 40-station Table clamping surface: 2100 x 1600 mm Distance from spindle nose to table: 150 – 900 mm Equipment/Accessories: Workpiece positioning detection and tool length calibration via probe Cjdez Hzbqjpfx Al Aehc Direct measuring system (X/Y/Z axes) Production package for high-performance chip removal Internal coolant supply (ICS) 20 bar Chip conveyor Coolant system (1050 liters) with belt filter unit Coolant spray gun Chip splash guard enclosure Machine status signal light LED machine light Set of machine leveling pads Parts list and circuit diagrams on CD Programming and maintenance manuals via control help function

Condition: good (used), Grinding wheel dimensions (OD x ID x width): Ø406 x Ø229 x 254 mm Min./max. diameter to be ground: 125 mm Grinding wheel width: 254 mm Max. plunge grinding length: 254 mm Regulating wheel dimensions (OD x ID x width): Ø280 x Ø165 x 254 mm Grinding wheel motor power: 30 HP Total power: 34 HP Approx. weight: 5,500 kg Dimensions: 2,600 mm length x 1,200 mm width x 1,200 mm height Chedpfsw R Rrqox Al Aec

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, operating hours: 26,476 h, functionality: fully functional, workpiece height (max.): 500 mm, workpiece diameter (max.): 630 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 200 kg, total height: 2,590 mm, total length: 4,780 mm, total width: 4,410 mm, table height: 390 mm, table length: 390 mm, overall weight: 5,900 kg, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, spindle motor power: 25 W, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, Equipment: chip conveyor, Year of construction: 2011 CNC controller: Heidenhain iTNC 530 Axes X-axis travel mm: 500 Y-axis travel mm: 450 Z-axis travel mm: 400 Cedez Dku Ujpfx Al Aehc C-axis degrees: 360º (0,001) B-axis degrees: 0º/108º (0,001) Rapid traverse m/min: 80/50/50 Milling/turning table nc: Table dimensions mm: Ø390 Maximum workpiece size (D x H) mm: Ø630x500 Max. workpiece weight kg: 200 Spindle Spindle speed rpm: 18000 Spindle drive power kW: 35/25 (40%ED/cont) Spindle torque Nm: 130/87 Tool system Tool holder: HSK-A 63 Tool magazine slots: 30 With free neighboring places mm: 130 With occupied neighboring places mm: 80 Max. Tool Length mm: 300 Chip-to-chip time s: 5 Equipment Chip conveyor Infrared probe Rinsing gun blowing air through spindle center selectable via M-function Signal lamp Laser tool measurement for measuring tool length and diameter Programmable coolant nozzles Heat compensator Direct measuring system XYZ Electrical cabinet active cooling unit Oil skimmer Ready for internal cooling (40/80 bar) RENISHAW Measuring probe Automatic door Machine running times Under power: 43774 Spindle Working: 26476 Rated power kVA: 48 Basic machine dimensions / weight Length mm: 4780 Width mm: 4410 Height mm: 2590 Weight kg: 5900

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, number of axes: 3, working width: 2,040 mm, working length: 3,680 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS MACHINING PROCESS Machining process: Drilling and milling WORKING AREA X-axis working area: 3,680 mm Y-axis working area: 2,040 mm Number of working areas: 2 Number of controlled axes: 3 WORKTABLE Table type: Flat table / Nesting table Number of tables: 1 Table width: 3,680 mm Table length: 2,040 mm Table material: Aluminum DRILLING UNIT Number of drilling units: 1 Position of drilling unit: top Vertical drilling spindles: 7 Horizontal drilling spindles, X-axis: 2 Horizontal drilling spindles, Y-axis: 2 Total number of drilling spindles: 11 MILLING SPINDLE Number of milling spindles: 1 Position of milling spindle: top Controlled axes: 3 Motor power: 13 kW Speed: 24,000 rpm Automatic tool changer: yes TOOL MAGAZINE Number of tool magazines: 1 Tool slots: 12 Tool magazine: positioned at the head VACUUM SYSTEM Number of vacuum pumps: 1 Suction capacity: 250 m³/h CONTROL AND SOFTWARE Control: PC-based control Programming software: Xylog Plus MACHINE DETAILS MAIN DRIVE Power of main electric spindle: 13 kW SAFETY CE marking: yes Protective guard: permanently mounted on the machine Safety system: front safety mats EQUIPMENT Aluminum nesting table Suction cups for workpiece clamping Vacuum pump Drilling unit with 11 drilling spindles Milling spindle with automatic tool changer Chjdpfez Enz Uex Al Aoc Tool magazine with 12 tool slots PC-based control Programming software Xylog Plus Protective guard permanently mounted on the machine Front safety mats

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, Grinding wheel D x B 455 x 255 mm, workpiece diameter 1 - 60 mm, regulating wheel D x B 255 x 255 mm, regulating wheel speed 10 - 100 rpm, drive power 11 kW, weight approx. 3.7 tons, dimensions approx. 2,700 x 1,700 mm Machine suitable for continuous and plunge grinding, hardened and ground guideways, grinding and regulating spindle with hydrodynamic three-point bearing, central lubrication for slides and feed spindles, regulating wheel drive via DS motor, frequency-controlled, hydraulic dressing devices for grinding and regulating wheel, electrical equipment predominantly with Siemens components, electrical control cabinet assembled in Germany, GC 1810-NC with stepper motor and Siemens S7 control for plunge and feed movement. Very economical price/performance ratio. Cjdsdlgq Uopfx Al Ashc