Used Krones Robot 3A Palletizer (2002) for sale (11,327)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, Overview  The bottle cleaning machine was built by the German company Krones in 2011. It was in operation at a large beverage producer until last and is still assembled.  Technical details  Capacity: 20,000 bph Formats: 0,25l and 0,75l Number of bottles per row: 22 Siemens S7 Equipment Label discharge  Rotary spraying  Continuous machine  Stainless steel body  Documentation  Software backup  Stainless steel pumps  Conductivity measurement  Finger task  Spare parts Bottle cell tips Bottle cell supports Lasdeu Rindepfx Al Njc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, Overview This complete filling line for non-returnable PET bottles was manufactured 2004 by the german manufacturer KRONES. The line was running as a non returnable bottle filling line. The line is designed for high-capacity beverage production, handling up to 12,000 b/h and is in a good condition.    Technical Data Capacity: 12,000 bph (at 1,5L); 14,000 bph (at 0,5L)  Filling product: carbonated water and soft drinks with 15°C and 8,0 g/l CO2 Bottle Formats: 0,5L and 1,5L PET CSD Cap Formats: PCO 1810 Contiroll labelling station 2-3-340 for wrap-around label from a reel with hotmelt and 2 x cold glue labelling station 8-8-130 for paper label Packaging formats: shrink wrapping with/without carry handle (3x2) Pallet: 4 x ¼ Plastic pallet (600 x 400 mm); 2 x Half-size pallet (800 x 600 mm) on Euro pallet (1.200 x 800 mm)  Application: CSD Hygienic design condition: good technical condition, dismantled blow molding, filling and capping machine as a block system   Scope of Delivery Blow Molding Machine | KRONES | Contiform S08 | 2004 Compressor | Kaeser | only Booster grade | 2004 Filling/Capping | Krones| Mecafill VKP-PET 2880-80-113 | 10 capping heads | 2004 Mixer | KRONES MSF 24/2 | vacuum-assisted deaeration | Brixmeter | CO2-meter Velcorin | Burdomat II G | 2004 Bottle inspection | KRONES | Checkmat FM-G Fill height (underfill) and cap control Labelling machine | Krones| Unimodul 600-15 | 2004 Bottle inspection | KRONES | Checkmat E | Label Check existence | 2004 Date stamping | Excel 170i UHS | 2004 Shrink Packer | KRONES | Variopac FS-30 | 2004 Handle Application | Comag | H 40/2 | 2004 Palletizer | KRONES | Robot 3A Palletsafety | Lachenmeier Multi Flex 1 Lajdpfjyb Sa Dox Al Noc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, Overview  This fill level and closure inspection unit was manufactured in 2014 by the German company Krones AG. The Krones Checkmat 731 was used for overfill and underfill detection based on high-frequency (HF) measurement as well as closure control for metal caps via sensor technology integrated into the filler. The system was recently dismantled in full working condition after being replaced by a newer camera-based inspection system. All peripheral components such as trigger light barriers, encoder, and pusher were properly disconnected and are included in the delivery. Technical data Inspection functions: Overfill and underfill detection using HF (high-frequency) method Closure control via integrated sensor for metal caps (mounted in filler) Condition: Excellent, fully functional before dismantling Status: Dismantled and stored, ready for shipment Application: Bottling lines for beverages with metal closures Included components: Trigger sensors, encoder, and pusher Lajdpfx Ajyb Sk Nol Nsc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, Overview  The labeler was manufactured in 2004 by the German manufacturer Krones. The machine was regularly maintained and is still installed in a bottling line. As the selling mineral water company is not using the whole bottling line any more, they are selling the used machines, which are still in good shape. Tech. Details  Output: 16,000 - 20,000 bph Formats:  0,25 l Vichy bottle 0,5l Set 1 0,5l Set 2 0,5l Set 3 0,7l GDB 0,75l Set 1 Pitch circle: 720 mm Number of plates: 15 Number of labelling stations: 2 Rotation: counter clockwise Glue pumps included Checkmat label inspection for label presence Date coder included Stainless steel glue roller infeed and output direction in line Lodpjxb A Idjfx Al Nsac

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, Overview  This crater was built in 2017 from German manufacturer Krones. The machine is in a very good condition, still installed and can be viewed in person at any time.    Technical Details    Capacity  28,800 bottles per hour   1,200 crates per hour   Recently processed parameters  Bottle dimensions  500ml   Outer diameter: 65,50mm   Total height: 206,30mm  Crates  Formation 6x4   Length crate: 400mm   Width crate: 300mm   Height: 255mm  Box inlet direction: transverse  Electrcial connection: 400/ 230V, 50Hz, 15 A  Lsdpet Rbznofx Al Neac

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, Overview  This packaging machine was manufactured in 2006 by the German company Krones. The machine is designed for wraparound cartons, with the blank fed from above, bottles grouped in sixes, and sealed from below with hot glue. The machine has a full stainless-steel construction, only 1,677 operating hours and is immediately available. Technical data  Capacity: 30,000 bottles/h (0.33 L, 6-packs) Formats: Closed 6-packs, bottle Ø 61.5 mm, height 217 mm Formation of packs: 2×3 (six-pack wraparound) Operating hours: 1,677 Construction: Full stainless steel Glue type: Hotmelt Scope of Delivery  Wraparound packer | Krones | Solidpac | 2006 Infeed conveyors for bottle supply and dividing system   Ljdpfow T Sthox Al Noac

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, Overview The bottle washer was manufactured by the German company Krones in 2013 and put into operation in 2014. It has been serviced annually. In addition, tenside lye cleaning and spare parts can still be purchased. DISMANTLING INCLUDED. Technical data  Capacity: 66,000 bph Maximum bottle diameter 69 mm Set up for the following formats:  Vichy 0,33l Long-Neck 0,33l Long-Neck 0,5l NRW 0,5l  Steinie 0,33l Lasdpfxel Hx Ene Al Njc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, Overview The filler was built in 2007 by the German company Krones. The machine has been regularly serviced, is still assembled and can be inspected at any time. Technical details Output: 40,000 bph (200 ml) Formats: 200 ml glass bottle 237 ml glass bottle Closure: crown cap Running direction: counterclockwise Inlet/outlet height: 1,150 mm +- 50 mm Filling points: 96 Capping points: 15 Pitch circle diameter: 2,880 mm Pitch: 94 mm Control system: Siemens S7 Energy consumption: 15.17 kW Ljdsqqz Txopfx Al Nsac

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, Overview  The machine was built in 2018 by the german manufacturer KRONES and is designed for high-speed wrap-around labeling from the reel. This machine is ideal for bottling lines requiring flexibility across various labeling technologies. The machine was taken from a production line and is fully functional. It is available for inspection and can be disassembled, packed and shipped on request. Technical data  year of manufacture: 2018 Capacity: approx. 20,000 /h Bottle Formats: 0.5 L, 1.5 L PET  Worked Labels: IN REEL Reel Change: Automated Electrical Supply: 400 V ± 5%, 50 Hz ± 1%, 3P + N + PE, auxiliary 24 V DC Protection Class: IP 54 (main panel and motors) Modular Design (Plug & Play): Features automatic docking stations allowing quick and toolless changeovers between different labeling methods (e.g., hot melt, cold glue, self-adhesive, wrap-around) Versatility: Capable of handling a wide range of container shapes and sizes (glass, PET, cans). Scope of Delivery  Krones ERGOMODUL labeling machine (2018) CE certification, operating and maintenance manuals, wiring diagrams Spare parts and format change components Drying System | KRONES-LINADRY | 2003 Labelcheck | KRONES | Checkmat Lsdpoyb Smdsfx Al Neac

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2001, Overview  This flash pasteurizer was manufactured in 2001 by German company Krones / APV. The unit was previously operated in a mineral water production facility in Germany. Following the replacement of the complete line, the machine was dismantled and sold individually. It is available immediately and currently in stock. The reason for sale is a line upgrade. Technical data Type: Flash pasteurizer (short-time heating system) Application: Alcohol-free beverages / mineral water Capacity: Guaranteed throughput up to 22,000 l/h Adjustable down to 10,000 l/h Process design: Plate heat exchanger with regeneration, heating, degassing and cooling sections Integrated degassing unit Buffer tank with internal circulation Electrical connection: 230 / 400 V, 3 Ph, 50 Hz Control voltage: 24 V DC Execution: Stainless steel construction CE-compliant according to EU machinery directives Control & instrumentation: Measurement and control technology PLC-based control system Electrical cabinet Interfaces: Mechanical and electrical interfaces according to Krones / APV standards   Lajdpfx Asyb Sw Ael Nec

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, machine/vehicle number: SO127, Blow Molding Machine Contiform – Overview This used Krones Contiform S8 blow molding machine is engineered for high-efficiency production of PET bottles in modern beverage and industrial packaging operations. With a rotary configuration and robust mechanical design, it reaches up to 13,000 bottles per hour, supporting scalable output for medium to high-speed lines. The machine is optimized for PET containers and is suitable for diverse beverage production environments, including water, beer, wine, spirits, milk, oil, and carbonated soft drinks. Krones engineering ensures excellent reliability, consistent bottle quality, and streamlined changeovers. Designed as a versatile component for a used bottling line or as a standalone blow molder, this second hand system delivers precise preform handling and stable heating, coupled with efficient blowing performance. It features an Alaska thread finish, an 8-cavity configuration, and a clockwise work direction, making it a proven choice for beverage production and industrial packaging where uptime and repeatability are critical. Technical Specifications & Performance Data Manufacturer: Krones Model: Contiform S8 Lodpfx Ajx H Tf Tol Nsac Manufacturing year: 2004 Configuration: Rotary Maximum speed: 13,000 bph Container material: PET Current bottle format: 0.5L No. of cavities: 8 Thread/neck finish: Alaska Max container height: 350 mm No. of grippers (inlet–outlet): 6 No. of mandrels: 180 Work direction: Clockwise Working plane height: 1470 mm Electrical supply: 400 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz Operating current: 331 A Operating pressure: 40 bar PLC: Siemens HMI: Krones Advanced Automation & Control Systems The Contiform S8 integrates a Siemens PLC for robust automation and process control, complemented by a Krones HMI for intuitive operation and fast diagnostics. The control architecture supports stable preform heating profiles, accurate blowing cycles, and reliable handling of PET preforms and bottles. Safety interlocks and operator protections are integrated into the guarding and access points to support consistent production with minimized downtime. Production Line Integration Capabilities This blow molding machine can operate as a standalone unit or integrate seamlessly into a complete used bottling line. It interfaces effectively with upstream preform feeding systems and downstream air conveyors, rinsers, fillers, and labelers. Format changeovers are streamlined around the 8-cavity rotary platform, and the Alaska neck finish provides compatibility for a wide range of closures and filling monoblocks across beverage production. Machine Condition & Maintenance History The machine is available in multiple supply configurations: as-is, refurbished and guaranteed, or ready for operation with compatible spare parts. When supplied refurbished, a 6-month warranty is available, offering confidence in performance and longevity for second hand indus...

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, machine/vehicle number: SO128, Used Blow Molding Machine Contiform This used Krones Contiform S14 blow molding machine is engineered for high-output PET bottle production in modern beverage manufacturing. With a maximum speed of up to 25,000 bottles per hour, it is an excellent choice for businesses looking to expand capacity or upgrade a used bottling line with reliable second hand industrial packaging equipment. The machine is equipped with a Siemens PLC and a Krones HMI for robust automation and operator-friendly control. Neck-handling transfer ensures stable bottle handling across formats, while the rotary architecture delivers consistent performance for beverage production. Manufactured by Krones, a global leader in beverage production technology, this model supports PET containers and is suitable for a wide range of products including still and sparkling water, soft drinks, milk, oil, beer, wine, and spirits. The current setup is optimized for 1.5L format and a maximum container height of 320 mm, making it a versatile asset for PET bottle processing in integrated bottling equipment lines. Technical Specifications & Performance Data Manufacturer: Krones Model series: Contiform Model code: S14 Year of manufacture: 2009 Maximum speed: 25,000 bottles/hour Container material: PET Current format: 1.5L Maximum container height: 320 mm Worktable height: 1470 mm Type: Rotary Transfer type: Neck-handling Neck finish: Alaska Number of cavities (molds): 14 Number of spindles: 7 Number of grippers (inlet/outlet): 7 Work direction: Counterclockwise Electrical supply: 400 V, 3 PH + N, 50 Hz Rated current: 313 A Advanced Automation & Control Systems The machine features a Siemens PLC for reliable process control and a Krones HMI for intuitive operation, recipe management, and diagnostics. The electrical configuration at 400 V and 50 Hz with 3 PH + N supports stable, industrial-grade performance. Safety guarding and interlocked access points facilitate secure operation during production and changeovers. Neck-handling design contributes to smoother format adjustments and reduced container scuffing. Production Line Integration Capabilities This Krones Contiform S14 can operate as a standalone blow molder or be integrated into a complete beverage production line. It interfaces smoothly with preform handling systems, high- and low-pressure air utilities, and downstream conveyors leading to filling, labeling, and packaging machinery. The rotary platform and neck-handling transfer provide compatibility across typical PET bottle sizes, including 1.5L and other common formats used in water and soft drink applications. Machine Condition & Maintenance History Lsdpex H Tgdofx Al Noac The unit is available in multiple supply options: as-is (seen and liked), refurbished and guaranteed, or ready for operation with compatible spare parts. A 6-month warranty is available when supplied refurbished. These options provide flexibility to match project timelines ...

Condition: used, Manufacturer: Krones Model: VK2V 050-113-KK10 Capacity: 19,000 bottles/hour Equipment: Beer in 0.5 l glass bottle Year of manufacture: 1991 Feeding system: Bloc Direction of operation: right to left Ledpfxjyzhkye Al Nsac Filler: VK2V 050-113 Filler pitch: 113 mm Filling stations: 50 units Execution: Height adjustment of filling bowl, automatic bottle shards rinsing, mechanical filling system, bottle shower, HDE Capper: Crown capper 10-113 Execution: Height adjustment of capper head

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, Bottle washer, make Krones, type: Lavatec KESK 245/17-120, control range 4.000 - 11.000 bph, for bottles with max diam. 105mm, built 2002, single-end machine, 180 rows of 17 bottle pockets, removed label outfeed in bin, with pre-soak bath water + caustic, 1+2 caustic jetting, 1+2+3 water jetting hot+cold+fresh, for sale. Lajdjrxup Sspfx Al Nsc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, PET bottling line, 25,000 bph, for sale with the following line components: - PET blow moulder, manufacturer: Krones, type: Contiform, year: 2006 Laodpoyzft Sefx Al Noc - Rinser-filler-capper block, manufacturer: Krones 60/80/15, year: 2001 - Labelling machine, manufacturer: Krones, type: Contiroll, year: 2001 - Shrink tunnel/shrink packer, manufacturer: Krones - Traypacker, manufacturer: Dimac - Palletizer, manufacturer: Kettner, type: Pressant The line has been dismantled and is in storage.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: CR690, overall weight: 1,350 kg, load capacity: 100,000 kg, Electric Chassis System Robot 100 Ton Set – OX TBC 100 The self-propelled trolleys offer a high load capacity of 100 tons and a very low height, with the ability to rotate 360°, making it possible to position them under all types of loads and for maneuvering. Motor-driven trolley models with hydraulic lifting cylinders are also available for loading onto vehicles or shelves, offering a speed of up to 5 m/min max. Length - 1602 mm Width - 2019 mm Height - 315 mm Max. load/lifting capacity - 100 tons Remote control Lsdpfx Alow Taiks Nsac

Condition: good (used), Automatic labeling machine Lasdpfx Alshz Daue Njc

Condition: ready for operation (used), AUTOMATIC PALLET STRECH WRAPING MACHINE - PALLETIZER OCTOPUS COMPACT MADE BY HALOILA, FINLAND 30 PALLET PER HOUR VERY GOOD CONDITION Laedsyb H Hfspfx Al Nsc VIDEO ATTACHED

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, machine/vehicle number: SV03, Used Automatic Decapper Krones 10 heads year 1998Technical Specifications & Performance DataThe Used Automatic Decapper Krones 10 heads, model 360-10-113, stands as an exceptional choice for your industrial packaging needs. Built in 1998, this robust decapping machine is designed to efficiently handle high-speed bottling lines. With a production speed of 20,000 bottles per hour, it meets the demands of large-scale beverage production. Specifically designed for glass containers, it offers precision and reliability for processing various bottled products including water, juice, beer, and wine.Number of Heads: 10Electrical Requirements: 400V, 50Hz, 8.25ACondition: In StorageManuals: AvailableAdvanced Automation & Control SystemsAt the heart of this used bottling line machine is an advanced control system that ensures precise operation. The automation level is designed to streamline production processes, allowing for seamless transitions between different beverage types. The machine’s control panel features user-friendly interfaces, making it simple to operate while maintaining high safety and efficiency standards. Safety features integrated within the machine ensure that it complies with modern production safety protocols. This decapper operates on 400V with an electrical current of 8.25A, ensuring powerful and efficient operation.Production Line Integration CapabilitiesThe Krones decapping machine seamlessly integrates with other industrial packaging systems, making it a versatile component of any production line. Its capability to handle format changes efficiently makes it compatible with other equipment such as filling, labeling, and capping machines. The machine is engineered to support multi-product flexibility, accommodating a variety of beverage types and container shapes with ease.Machine Condition & Maintenance HistoryCurrently in storage, the Krones decapper is primed for redeployment. Although used, it remains in excellent condition, backed by a comprehensive maintenance history that attests to its reliable performance. Routine maintenance has kept the machine in optimal working order, ensuring longevity and operational efficiency upon return to active duty.Operational Performance & VersatilityThe machine excels in operational performance, offering versatility that meets multiple production needs. It is compatible with a variety of product types, making it ideal for companies that handle diverse beverage manufacturing processes. Its ability to adapt to different container materials, particularly glass, allows for flexibility and ease in switching between product lines, ensuring uninterrupted production.Installation Requirements & Site PreparationProper installation and site preparation are crucial for maximizing the performance of the Krones decapping machine. The unit requires a designated space that accommodates its operation and allows for safe and accessible maintenance. Additionally, utility connections must meet the specified electrical requirements of 400V and 50Hz to ensure optimal functionality.Safety Standards & Compliance CertificationSafety is paramount in industrial packaging operations... Laodpfjvgu D Ejx Al Nsc

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, machine/vehicle number: LC574, Technical Specifications & Performance Data This used bottling line is a complete isobaric PET solution engineered for high-volume beverage production of still water, sparkling water, and carbonated soft drinks. Built around robust Krones and Simonazzi process equipment with a Sidel SBO14 S2 blow molder, it offers dependable industrial packaging performance with consistent product quality. Line type: Used isobaric PET complete bottling line (second hand) Nominal speed: up to 18,000 bottles/hour (configured for 2.0 L PET; format-dependent) Bottle formats: 0.10 L and 2.0 L; additional formats possible with change parts Container type: PET (air-conveyed handling) Product range: Water (still and sparkling), CSD Core technology: Isobaric rinsing/filling/capping monoblock with downstream labeling and end-of-line packaging Line composition: Approx. 14 integrated machines including blow molder, air conveyors, rinser, isobaric filler, capper, labeler, packer/shrink wrapper, palletizer, stretch wrapper, inspection and coding modules Main manufacturers: Krones, Simonazzi; blow molder: Sidel SBO14 S2 Years: Main line 2000; blow molder 1999 Condition: Ready for operation; safety features included Advanced Automation & Control Systems Centralized PLC/HMI control coordinates blow molding, rinsing, isobaric filling, capping, labeling, and end-of-line functions. Recipe management supports format and product changeovers, with synchronized conveyors and VFD-driven motors to maintain constant flow at high speed. Line accumulation and defective-bottle rejection are integrated to minimize downtime and scrap. Automation level: Fully integrated, recipe-based operation Operator interface: Intuitive HMI with alarm diagnostics and production reporting Electrical: Industrial 3-phase supply (typical 400–460 V, 50/60 Hz; to be confirmed on inspection) Safety: Interlocked guards, emergency stop network, and category-rated safety circuits Production Line Integration Capabilities Designed for seamless integration across the packaging hall, the line interfaces upstream with preform handling and syrup room/premix systems and downstream with packers, palletizers, and warehouse logistics. Fast format change procedures and clearly defined change parts enable efficient switching between bottle sizes and product SKUs. Laedpfx Aow D E Ubel Noc Compatible with standard beverage production utilities (CIP, CO₂, chilled water) Interfaces available for inspection systems, laser/inkjet coding, and vision verification Modular conveyors allow adaptation to plant layouts and future upgrades Machine Condition & Maintenance History This second hand complete bottling line is in ready-for-operation condition with safety protections installed. The equipment has been maintained in a production environment and inspected for functional performance. Maintenance records, documentation, and layout drawings can be made available for review during a technical visit. Operational Performance & Versatil...

Condition: new, components: 4 x clear glass panel L=418 B=568 S=6 2 x clear glass panel 3 x opal glass panel 1 x SEW Eurodrive SA47 AH90 1 x Continental STD 672 58M + belt gear 2 x CEDS Duradrive DAPE-0410.04400.00 1 x lamp unit 1 x computing unit 1 x Seiffert Systems Linatronic cooling unit incl. montage kit 4 x sawtooth belt 25 HTD 48M 2352 1 x 8 pole cable M12 plug + shielding 1 x system bus cirquit board 1 x valve control unit 8 x camera head Linatronic 2 x toothed belt HTD 1760 8M 30 Z=220 1 x protective glass for lamp unit 2 x protective glass panel 1 x frame seal 2 x frame seal 2 x frame seal 4 x Adjustable flow station 1 x Hirschmann RS20 Rail Switch 3 x Linatronic control computer 1 x Siemens Simatic Net CP AS-Interface + replacement PCB 1 x Siemens Sitop modular 40A 1/2 pn 1 x ground lens 1 x White LED ring light 1 x cylinder valve unit 1 x replacement magnetic valve for cylinder valve unit 1 x small controller unit 1 x DC/DC converter 1 x DC/DC converter 1 x Input/Output module 1 x safety relais 1 x IFM elecronics distributor module AC2500 2 x relais 3sec 24v type b 1 x oil seal ring 1 x tensioner pulley Laedpfjhw E Rqex Al Nsc 36 x pressure spring 1 x Futaba mini servo S3107 4 x ball bearing cx 16007-2RSLG622 3 x gas spring 2 x ring brush 2 x toothed belt HTD 10T 5x1380mm 2 x Festo CPV10-GE-ASI-4E4A-M8 1 x LED lamp contour RGB 1 x LED lamp wall 2 x roller guide 1 x ZAE gearbox 90-1094-14-1a i=14,5:1 Individual and partial purchases are also possible. We will be happy to send you further information on the components on request.

Condition: used, Krones Universella mit optischer Ausrichtung Ljdpfxoxyw T So Al Nsac mit 2 Stationen für Bauch, Sektschleife,Rücken. Laufrichtung: L/R Leistung: max 8000 Fl/h mit Optik weniger

Condition: used, consisting of:  - Depalletiser, KETTNER, year 2000, 15000 bph, - Rinser with air, Alwid, year 1999, 7500 bph,  - Filler with capper, Fimer/Arol, year 2006, 8000 bottles/hour - Labeller, Krones Variomatic, year 2001, 8000 bottles/hour  - Carton erector, KETTNER, year 2001, 20 cartons/min. - Packer, KETTNER, year 2001, 7000 bottles/hour Lodpfoxyt I Ssx Al Noac Details:  - Control Siemens S7  - different format sets available, - for glass bottles from 0,35L to 1,0L with ROPP cap of 30mm and 31,5mm - annual maintenance by Krones technicians - very good condition

Condition: used, Consisting of: - Rinser 20 nozzles  - Filler 20 valves Lajdpsxytwtjfx Al Nsc - Natural corker for 3 heads  - Screw capper for3 heads 28x32 MCA Capacity: 3500 bph

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, Bottle Filler and crown capper, make Krones, type: Mecafill VKV 24/KK 6-94 LM, 24 filling valves, Vacuum pump, hot water injection before closing, 6 head bottle cap closing, bottle burst control, Crown Cork feeder + bin Lodpfx Aleunh I Ao Njac electr. height adjustment, direction: counter clockwise / right to left.