Used Tensile Testing Machine And Compression Testing Machine 5 Kn Or 7.5 Kn for sale (107,689)

Condition: used, SincoTec Type: Exciting Mot Resonance testing system POWER SWINGLY 20 kN The POWER SWINGLY BigTable resonance testing system is designed as a two-mass shaker. It consists of an oscillating head, which is excited by an unbalanced motor driven by a frequency-controlled asynchronous motor. The oscillating head is located in the upper part of the machine and generates the dynamic amplitude. The oscillating head is supported by pre-tensioned coil spring supports on the upper crossbeam and is guided centrally. The central load drive is located in the lower part of the machine and applies the static preload with the aid of a gear motor via a spindle drive. The test chamber is located above the clamping table and is bounded upwards by the adjustable crossbeam. The EXCITING MOT control system controls the testing system. The complete control electronics for the control system are housed in an industrial PC cabinet. The control cabinet is made of powder-coated steel sheet and meets protection class IP 50 according to EN 60529. Technical data: General data of the testing system: Overall height of the testing system 1840 to 2240 mm Height of the machine table 1030 mm Width of the testing system 800 mm Depth of the testing system 1500 mm Height of the test chamber max. 600 mm (without force sensor) Free column passage 550 mm Maximum force amplitude 10000 N Maximum total force ±20000 N Maximum stroke ±5 mm Test frequency 30 to 110 Hz Accuracy of the measuring sensors min. Class 1 (according to DIN EN 10002-3) Weight of the testing system approx. 1880 kg Max. weight of the clamping device 150 kg General data of the control cabinet: Overall height of the control cabinet 1900 mm Height of the table top 1080 mm Width of the control cabinet 650 mm Depth of the control cabinet 700 mm Weight of the control cabinet 152 kg Color RAL 9006 (white aluminum), table top Midnight Conditions for the installation site: Space requirement 2.5 x 2.5 m Required ceiling height 2.8 m Bodpjzii Awsfx Aihswp Floor load-bearing capacity 170 N/cm² Voltage supply 400 V / 50 Hz (clockwise rotating field) Connection plug CEE socket, s-pole, 16 A Fuse 16 A Connection and environmental conditions Mains conditions: Voltage 400 V three-phase current with PE conductor and protective earth, clockwise rotating field Voltage fluctuations < ± 10% Short-time voltage dips < 20 ms Limits for permanent disturbances Radio interference level A according to VDE0871 Frequency 50 Hz ± 1% Protective earth Grounding resistance < 0.3 Ω Model: POWER SWINGLY MOT Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See picture) (Changes and errors in the technical data are subject to change!) We will be happy to answer any further questions you may have by phone.

Condition: good (used), Zwick Type: BT2-FZ0.5TS.D16 500 N + Xforce P 500N Materials Testing Machine Test force in tension/compression: 500 N Overall height, without head traverse: 789 mm Overall width: 411 mm Overall depth: 622 mm Footprint: Net standing area: 0.008 m² Load frame base area: 0.196 m² Specific floor load: Based on typical equipment: 0.85 kg/cm² With 50% safety margin: 1.28 kg/cm² Ceiling load: Based on typical equipment: 97 kN/cm² With 50% safety margin: 146 kN/cm² Working space depth: 105 mm Working space height with upper mounting bracket: Bodpfxsziixlo Aihjwp Minimum height: 235 mm Maximum height: 565 mm Working space height with lower mounting bracket: Minimum height: 90 mm Maximum height: 420 mm Weight: approx. 78 kg with extras Condition: used Scope of delivery: (see picture) (Changes and errors in technical data and specifications are reserved!) We are happy to answer further questions by phone.

Condition: used, Zwick / Roell Type: LTM10 Maximum testing frequency: 100 Hz, depending on the amplitude Dynamic testing force in tension/compression: 10 kN Static testing force in tension/compression: 7 kN Bedozh D R Hepfx Aihowp Piston stroke: 60 mm Positioning and repeatability accuracy: +/- 2 µm Speed range: 1 mm/min - 1 m/s Testing space height without force sensor: 1170 mm Weight with linear motor: 1065 kg (without control unit) Maintenance: according to maintenance instructions, partially performed by Zwick/Roell Accessories: Screw chucks, software (TestXpert research) Connection: 400V 50/60 Hz 32A 3Ph/PE Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See image) (Changes and errors in the technical data are subject to change!) We will gladly answer any further questions you may have by phone.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 3,372 h, travel distance X-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 450 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 470 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 200 kg, total height: 2,933 mm, total length: 2,984 mm, total width: 2,300 mm, overall weight: 6,780 kg, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, operating hours of spindle: 1,114 h, Equipment: documentation/manual, CNC 5-Axis Vertical Machining Centre CNC Control Mazatrol Smooth X Table size Ø 500 mm Table load 200 kg Bwsdpfxozf Hyrs Aihsp Number of pallets 1x Max. Workpiece 500x320 mm Movement X-axis 730 mm Movement Y-axis 450 mm Movement Z-axis 470 mm C-Axis (table rotation) 360° B-Axis travel ±110 (220) ° Spindle speed 18.000 R/min Spindle Taper HSK A-63 Spindle motor 15/11 kW Magazin capacity 48 If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail. Feel free to view our other advertisements for a complete overview of our stock.

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 32396, overall weight: 1,000 kg, total length: 1,820 mm, total width: 1,300 mm, total height: 1,250 mm, Year of construction: 2023, Machine Data Dimensions (W × H × D): 1300 × 1820 × 1250 mm Weight: approx. 1000 kg Bwedpszilwqefx Aihsp Drive & Performance Main drive: 15 kW, continuous operation Connection power: 30 kVA Cutting Disc Diameter of cutting disc: up to Ø 508 mm / 20" Cutting disc mounting: Ø 32/40 mm Speed: continuously adjustable 1000–2800 / 1000–2400 min⁻¹ Processing Data Max. sample size: Ø 190 mm Feed rate: 0.001–50 mm/s Positioning accuracy of the Z-axis: 0.1 mm Axes X-axis (cross-section): 420 mm, automatic Y-axis (cross-section): 280 mm, automatic Z-axis (parallel cut): 200 mm, automatic (optional) Table Data Table size with Z-axis: 550 × 500 mm Table size without Z-axis: 700 × 500 mm T-slot width: 12 mm

Condition: new, HOUFEK SPB Buldog 5 RC wide belt sander -Exhibition machine- Includes: - HOUFEK SPB Buldog 5 RC wide belt sander Working width: 1,350 mm Includes: - Grooved steel roller Ø 160 mm HOUFEK Including: - HOUFEK segmenter sanding pad Bedpeu R Szmsfx Aihjwp electronically controlled, for width 1,350 mm Sanding pad PS 50 E Includes NC control with 10.1" touchscreen Frequency converter for the sanding unit 3-18m/s Automatic table positioning Two-zone interval blow-off device with Nozzle oscillation for sanding belt cleaning - new exhibition machine -

Condition: used, Item: 5 units of ESS Thyrotig - Thyroplasma 250 (DC) TIG welding machines. TIG welding machines in need of repair. Year of manufacture: 1991 to 1994. Bsdpfx Aiew Hhbiehowp Power: 250 amps = 60% duty cycle 195 amps = 100% duty cycle Type of current: DC Mains connection: 400 volts, 50 Hz, 32 amp plug - High-voltage ignition - 2-cycle and 4-cycle operation - Water-cooled - Some components are missing - Without hose packages; scope of delivery as shown in the picture Space requirement L x W x H: 1200 x 570 x 920 mm Weight of 1 welding machine: 255 kg Weight of all 5 welding machines: 1,275 kg 3 welding machines are functional. 2 welding machines were stored as a source of spare parts. However, the devices are no longer tested and are being sold as needing repair.

Condition: good (used), weight of the machine ca. 5,5 t Table tip diameter: 35 mm Tip height above table: 75 mm Counterholder tip diameter: 50 mm Counterholder tip stroke: 40 mm Minimum center-to-center distance: 20 mm Minimum measuring height above table: 50 mm Bwsdpfjzidz Uex Aihjp Maximum measuring height above table: 550 mm Table diameter: 260 mm Base circle diameter: 0–630 mm Maximum rolling path: ±115 mm Maximum workpiece weight: 300 kg X-axis: 230 mm Y-axis: 370 mm Z-axis: 500 mm Max. workpiece diameter: 630 mm Software for new PCs: Windows 11 Bevel gear software, if desired, available only on Metrotek installations Additional information: - Machine calibrated according to DAKKS on November 19, 2017

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1992, weight 5,5 t Table tip diameter: 35 mm Tip height above table: 75 mm Counterholder tip diameter: 50 mm Bwsdjzidz Ijpfx Aihep Counterholder tip stroke: 40 mm Minimum center-to-center distance: 20 mm Minimum measuring height above table: 50 mm Maximum measuring height above table: 800 mm Table diameter: 500 mm Base circle diameter: 0–1000 mm Maximum rolling path: ±115 mm Maximum workpiece weight: 2000 kg X-axis: 230 mm Y-axis: 530 mm Z-axis: 750 mm Max. workpiece diameter: 1000 mm Software for new PCs: Windows 11 Bevel gear software, if desired, available only on Metrotek installations Additional information: - Machine calibrated according to DAKKS on November 19, 2017

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, Ref. -No.: 10653 Manufacturer: HERMLE Type: C 250 U Year of construction: 2016 Type of control: CNC Control: Heidenhain TNC 640 Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Germany X-Travel: 600 mm Y-Travel: 550 mm Z-Travel: 450 mm C-Axis: 360 ° Table Load: 300 kg Numbers Of Tools In Magazin: 30 Tool changer: Automatisches Kettenmagazin Spindle Speed: 18000 RPM A-Axis: +/- 115 ° Further information: - Electronic handwheel (HR Handwheel) included - Central lubrication system included - Chip removal system included - Capable of simultaneous 5-axis machining Bwsdezh Hmdopfx Aihjp - High-precision gantry design - Advanced 3D and 5-axis programming support - Compact and rigid machine frame - Tool stations expandable to up to 118 tools. - The table can rotate and swivel while the actual milling tools move along the other axes. - The machine can machine workpieces from five sides in a single operation. The machine can machine workpieces from five sides in a single operation. The machine can be viewed while powered on by appointment.

Condition: good (used), Zwick Type: BZ1.0 / TH1S Zwick table-top testing machines Zwick with a maximum force of 1.0 kN. Bedpfxszdryzs Aihewp Stroke length: 1150 mm. Testing speed: 0.1 ... 1800 mm/min Scope of delivery: (See images) (Subject to changes and errors in the technical data and specifications!) We would be happy to answer any further questions you may have over the phone.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, travel -x axis 600 mm travel -y axis 450 mm travel -z axis 450 mm control HEIDENHAIN - TNC 530 number of spindle speeds 18.000 U/min tool taper HSK-A63 numbers of positions in the tool changer 120 5-axis simultaneous machining center | HERMLE - C 20 U equipped with ITC (80 bar), NC swivel rotary table, 120-way tool changer & pallet changer. The machine is in a well-maintained condition. The machine videos from the production plant will be shared on request. Please refer to further technical details in the attachement of the offer. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bsdpfoyy A N Uex Aihjwp #Tags: C 20 | C20 | C-20 | C20U

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2002, 5-axis CNC machining center 2006 Control: Heidenhain iTNC 530 Technical data: x-axis travel 880 mm y-axis travel 630 mm z-axis travel 630 mm Max. torque 130 Nm tool holder SK 40 (ISO 7388IIB) swiveling B: 103° Work table: Clamping surface 1,250 x 700 mm Rotary table diameter 700 mm rotatable C: 360 ° Max. table load approx. 500 kg T-slots 11x 14mm x 63mm Tool magazine: Number of tool places 32 (2x 16) pos. tool holder SK 40 (ISO 7388IIB) Max. tool diameter 80 / 130 mm Max. tool diameter with free neighbor box 160 mm Max. tool length 315 mm Bodpewn A Slsfx Aihswp Max. tool weight 8.0 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Ref. -No.: 10464 Manufacturer: IGREK Type: 3500 XXL Year of construction: 2025 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: Siemens 840 D / Heidenhain iTNC 640 Storage location: Istanbul Country of origin: Türkiye X-Travel: 10500 mm Y-Travel: 3500 mm Z-Travel: 1400 mm A-Axis: +/- 115 ° B-Axis: 360 ° Max. Torque: 235 Nm Rapid Traverse X/Y/Z: 30 m / min Drive power spindle: 54 kW Table load max.: 4000 kg Tool Taper: HSK-A100 Spindle Speeds: 12500 RPM Machine length: 16000 mm Machine width: 7400 mm Machine Height: 8500 mm Weight: 195 t Further information: GREK 3500 XXL – Customized precision for large-scale projects The IGREK 3500 XXL is a CNC 5-axis portal milling machine of the latest generation, developed for the high-precision machining of large components. Built in 2024, it is ready for immediate use and equipped with the latest technology to meet the most demanding requirements in heavy industry and mechanical engineering. Key features: Gigantic machining areas: With travel distances of 10,500 mm (X), 3,500 mm (Y) and 1,400 mm (Z), the machine offers extraordinary flexibility for machining large parts. 5-axis simultaneous machining: The A-axis with +/- 115° and the B-axis with 360° guarantee maximum precision and versatility when machining complex workpieces. Powerful spindle: Equipped with a speed of up to 12,500 rpm, a maximum torque of 235 Nm and a drive power of 54 kW – ideal for high-performance machining. Robust and durable: Weighing 195 tons and with a table load of up to 4,000 kg, the machine is designed for heavy-duty machining. Innovative tool holding fixture: The HSK-A100 tool holding fixture enables quick tool changes and increases efficiency. Speed and efficiency: Rapid feed rates of 30 m/min on all axes ensure maximum productivity. Technical data at a glance: Bwsdsxc Tr Aepfx Aihjp Traverse paths: X 10,500 mm / Y 3,500 mm / Z 1,400 mm Spindle power: 54 kW Spindle speed: 12,500 rpm Table load: up to 4,000 kg Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 16,000 x 7,400 x 8,500 mm Weight: 195 tons Additional benefits: The machine is supplied with the advanced Siemens 840D or Heidenhain iTNC 640 control system and offers worldwide warranty and service support from the manufacturer. Choose the IGREK 3500 XXL for precision and efficiency in the machining of large parts. Contact us now for a non-binding offer!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Ref. -No.: 10463 Manufacturer: IGREK Type: FR 3500 XL Year of construction: 2025 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: Siemens 840 D / Heidenhain iTNC 640 Storage location: Istanbul Country of origin: Türkiye X-Travel: 6500 mm Y-Travel: 3500 mm Z-Travel: 1400 mm A-Axis: +/- 115 ° C-Axis: 360 ° Turning Speeds: 12500 RPM Max. Torque: 235 Nm Rapid Traverse X/Y/Z: 30 m / min Table-Size (Lxw): 2290 - 6490 x 3580 mm Bwodpsxmd Szjfx Aihop Drive power spindle: 54 kW Table load max.: 4000 kg Tool Taper: HSK-A100 Machine length: 11500 mm Machine width: 7400 mm Machine Height: 6600 mm Weight: 120 t Further information: IGREK FR 3500 XL – Precision and performance at the highest level The IGREK FR 3500 XL is a CNC-controlled 5-axis portal milling machine of the latest generation (year of manufacture 2024). It was specially developed for the demanding machining of large workpieces and impresses with its versatility and precision. With a modern control system from Siemens 840D or Heidenhain iTNC 640 and a robust construction, the machine offers optimal conditions for manufacturing in a wide range of industries. Key features: Large machining areas: With travel distances of 6,500 mm (X), 3,500 mm (Y) and 1,400 mm (Z), the machine is ideal for machining large components. 5-axis simultaneous machining: The A-axis with a swivel range of +/- 115° and the C-axis with a rotation of 360° enable highly precise machining of complex geometries. Powerful spindle: The spindle reaches speeds of up to 12,500 rpm and a maximum torque of 235 Nm – perfect for demanding milling work. High stability: The machine weight of 120 tons and the table load of up to 4,000 kg ensure low-vibration machining even with heavy workpieces. Flexible tool holding fixture: The HSK-A100 tool holding fixture enables quick tool changes and optimal process times. Rapid feed rate: High productivity is achieved with 30 m/min in the X, Y and Z directions. Technical data at a glance: Table size: 2,290 – 6,490 x 3,580 mm Spindle power: 54 kW Max. torque: 235 Nm Tool holder: HSK-A100 Machine dimensions (LxWxH): 11,500 x 7,400 x 6,600 mm Max. table load: 4,000 kg The IGREK FR 3500 XL sets new standards in the machining of large parts. It is available immediately and offers comprehensive warranties and services directly from the manufacturer, internationally and across the board. Use the latest technology for your production – contact us for further details!

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, total height: 2,800 mm, total length: 10,300 mm, total width: 2,450 mm, Colour: Grey Bwsdpfx Asytcl Ijihep Empty weight: 6.600 kg Price: On request - Year: 2014 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: AA2/002546 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 - └ Milling spindle 1: - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 5 - - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 24000 - - Main motor power [kW]: 11 - Type milling table: Beam table - Tool clamping system: HSK-F63 - Material clamp system: Pneumatic - Drilling unit present: Yes - └ Motor power [kW]: 3 - └ Horizontal drill spindles [pcs.]: 6 - └ Vertical drilling spindles [pcs.]: 10 - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 24 - System/software: Xilog plus - Safety feature: Safety light curtain, Door interlock switches, Enclosed fence - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - └ Brand: Becker - └ Type: Vtlf 250 - └ Year of manufacture: 2008 - └ Main motor power [kW]: 5.5 - └ Connection diameter [mm]: 70 - └ Oil free: Yes - Tools included: Yes - CNC options: Offcut conveyor, Manual control - CNC documentation available: USB stick - Table length [mm]: 5200 - Table width [mm]: 1300 - Voltage [V]: 400 - Current consumption [A]: 64 - Transport dimensions: 10300mm x 2450mm x 2800mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 6600kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 10,347 h, total height: 2,400 mm, total length: 7,000 mm, total width: 2,400 mm, Colour: Grey Empty weight: 3.450 kg - Year: 2018 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: Yes - Operating hours: 10347 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 - └ Milling spindle 1: - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 5 - Type milling table: Beam table - Drilling unit present: Yes - └ Horizontal drill spindles [pcs.]: 10 - └ Vertical drilling spindles [pcs.]: 24 - Saw unit present: Yes - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 25 - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - └ Brand: Becker - Working range X [mm]: 3110 - Working range Y [mm]: 1320 Bwjdpfxoxtbgpe Aihjp - Z-axis working range [mm]: 180 - Transport dimensions: 7000mm x 2400mm x 2400mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 3450kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, clamping force: 110 kN, displacement volume: 2,926 cm³, injection pressure: 1,600 bar, overall weight: 5,650 kg, screw conveyor diameter: 45 mm, terms of delivery: EXW (ex Works) delivery time: on request Bsdpozh N Tysfx Aihjwp terms of payment: 100% prior to delivery

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 35,000 h, machine/vehicle number: MU44-16201032ELCS, Travel ranges (X/Y/Z): 800/700/510 mm, with NC rotary table, max. spindle speed: 12,000 rpm, 48-tool changer, WinMax control system, chip conveyor, coolant system. Bwjdpfx Aezha Eysihop

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 16,785 h, machine/vehicle number: 20200108, Travel ranges (X/Y/Z): 650/750/500 mm, max. spindle speed: 18,000 rpm, with NC rotary table, 60-position tool changer, tool holder HSK63A, control system HEIDENHAIN TNC 640, chip conveyor, band filter system, cooling system, machine weight: 13,000 kg. Bsdpfxezha Hdo Aihowp

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, Control system: Siemens 840D-SL Tool positions: 160 Tool holder: HSK 63 Spindle speed: 10,000 rpm / 242 Nm Bedpjzhlbgefx Aihowp Pallet size: 630 x 500 mm Number of pallets: 2 X-axis: 800 mm Y-axis: 800 mm Z-axis: 1000 mm Table load capacity: max. 1000 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, number of spindle speeds 18.000 U/min NC rotary indexing table Ø 630 mm control HEIDENHAIN - iTNC 530 numbers of positions in the tool changer 32 tool taper SK 40 5-axis simultaneous machining center | HERMLE - C 30 U equipped with ITC (80 bar), NC swivel rotary table, tool changer & chip conveyor. The machine has only 13.924 H spindle hours. The machine is in a well-maintained condition. Please refer to further technical details in the attachement of the offer. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bsdpezczhajfx Aihewp #Tags: C30U | C-30U | C-30 U

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, FMB MBZ 75 - 80, 5-axis FMB multi-machining center, Type MBZ - 2 / 72-80 / 5, Year of manufacture 2001, PC control with TFT color display, Travel range X/Y/Z 7000/1000/370 mm, Milling head with high-frequency spindle for aluminum, Spindle speed up to 18,000 rpm - 7.5 KW, Tool changer, 12-position, Tool holder HSK 40, 2-axis NC dovetail milling head, 8 pneumatic clamping elements, Bodpozhuitefx Aihswp Swivel machining possible, Program generator, FMB programming software, Pneumatic material stop, Measuring / probing device.

Year of construction: 2011, condition: good (used), Glass plate 6 cameras with illumination Two hoppers + one drive unit Integrated supply bunker 25 L / 50 kg with control unit Skako Bunker 125 Loader for 10 crates Extra lens TC1224 + holder Extra lens TC23056 + holder without UPS Bwsdpfx Aoyu Ivnsihjp

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, travel distance X-axis: 1,800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,100 mm, total height: 4,375 mm, total length: 12,300 mm, total width: 11,200 mm, table length: 1,600 mm, table width: 1,400 mm, table load: 3,500 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, 5-axis CNC Universal Machining centre, simultaneous Control: Heidenhain iTNC 530 Table size: 1600x1400 mm Table load: 3500 kg Number of pallets: 2 x Maximum workpiece diameterxheight: 1950x1100 mm Movement X-axis: 1800 mm Movement Y-axis: 2000 mm Movement Z-axis: 1100 mm C-Axis table rotation: 360 ° B-Axis travel: -7 / 187 ° Spindle Speed: 18000 1/min Spindle taper: HSK-A63 Spindle motor: 28/19 kW Magazin capacity: 120 Bedpfszauxgex Aihowp Required floor space: 11200x12300 mm Height: 4375 mm Weight: 58000 kg If you have any questions concerning the machine, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone or e-mail.