Used Ersa Hotflow 3/20 for sale (79,711)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 18,100 h, load capacity: 3,000 kg, lifting height: 4,800 mm, fuel type: diesel, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,250 mm, Linde H30D triple 480 Freelift / Sideshift / Fork adjuster, 2007, VW Diesel. A video can be sent via WhatsApp. We have a continuous stock; see our website. Prices are quoted ex-Nuland. Van de Wert Trading B.V. has a varying stock of machines, trucks, trailers, and attachments. All our deliveries are offered at trade prices in AS-IS condition without any guarantees (see our general terms and conditions). You can make a non-binding appointment for a viewing and/or test drive. Please call beforehand, as we are not always on-site. Kdedpfszf Hv Hox Aqijt Van de Wert Trading B.V. Bedrijfsstraat 3 5391 LR Nuland

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1990, control type: manual, degree of automation: manual, working width: 2,050 mm, sheet thickness (max.): 3 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 3 mm, back gauge adjustment: manual, back gauge: 800 mm, power: 7.5 kW (10.20 HP), overall weight: 1,800 kg, total length: 2,850 mm, total width: 2,350 mm, total height: 1,600 mm, cutting length (max.): 2,050 mm, throat depth: 300 mm, Guillotine shear, cutting length 2050 mm, cutting capacity 3.25 mm, throat 200 mm, motor 7,5 KW, working high 800 mm, back gauge 800 mm manual, dimension 2850x2350x1600 mm, weight ca. 1800 kgs Kedpfxezy Nlyo Aqisdt

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 9,698 h, Linde H35D-02 triplo465 / sideshift / 4th function / 2016 / 9700 hours. VERY WELL MAINTAINED / DIESEL A video can be sent via WhatsApp. We have a continuous stock; see our website. Prices are quoted ex Nuland. Van de Wert Trading B.V. has a varying stock of machines, trucks, trailers, and attachments. All our deliveries are offered at trade prices in AS-IS condition, without guarantees (see our general terms and conditions). You can make a non-binding appointment for a viewing and/or test drive. Please call in advance, as we are not always present. Kodpfx Aqozypvljiedt Van de Wert Trading B.V. Bedrijfsstraat 3 5391 LR Nuland

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, functionality: unexamined, overall weight: 1,270 kg, load capacity: 210 kg, arm reach: 2,650 mm, pivoting range: 360 °, controller manufacturer: FANUC, controller model: R-J3iB, teach pendant manufacturer: FANUC, teach pendant model: A05B-2452-C154 (abgebildet), input voltage: 380 V, type of input current: three-phase, repeat accuracy: 0.3 mm, A total of 7 FANUC R-2000iA/210F heavy-duty industrial robots are for sale. Available years/months: - 2 units: 08/2006 - 1 unit: 06/2007 - 3 units: 02/2008 - 1 unit: 03/2008 Individual sales are possible. The stated price applies net per unit, EXW Kirkel. For the purchase of multiple units, we offer an additional package discount upon agreement. Technical data: - Design: 6-axis articulated arm robot, floor mounting - Maximum payload at the wrist: 210 kg - Reach: 2,650 mm - Repeatability: ±0.3 mm - Mechanical weight of the robot: 1,270 kg - Axis speeds J1–J6: 95 / 90 / 95 / 120 / 120 / 190 °/s - Protection rating: Wrist and J3 arm IP67, other robot parts IP54 - Controller: FANUC SYSTEM R-J3iB - Controller power supply: 380–415 / 440–500 V AC, 3-phase, 50/60 Hz, 12 kVA - Weight of the FANUC control cabinet: approx. 180 kg - Teach pendant / handheld device included Scope of supply as shown in the images or upon agreement: - FANUC R-2000iA/210F robot arm with base - FANUC R-J3iB controller - FANUC teach pendant - Connection cables - Bosch Rexroth control cabinet with PSB6000 component shown in the photo for the pictured package Kdsdjzzr I Tepfx Aqijt The photos show an example unit from 02/2008 (robot type A05B-1324-B215). Equipment, nameplates and scope of supply may vary per unit and will be confirmed before the sale. Condition: used, with visible signs of wear and tear as well as paint damage due to age and use. The robots were functional until the time of dismantling. No further functional testing was carried out after dismantling. Therefore, the functionality is indicated as unverified for precautionary reasons. Operating hours are not documented. Price net, EXW Kirkel. Loading and organization of transport are possible for an additional charge and upon prior agreement. The transport costs depend on the destination and scope. Sale subject to prior sale.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, operating hours: 29,000 h, functionality: fully functional, Manufacturer Kodpfjzh Ewhsx Aqisdt Gildemeister CTX 320 V5 Year of manufacture 2004 Condition: Used Control system: Siemens 840 D ShopTurn Operating hours: 60,000 h Spindle hours: 29,000 h Technical data: Turning diameter: 300 mm Turning length: 450 mm X-axis travel: 160 mm Spindle speed range - main spindle: 5000 rpm Spindle speed range - sub spindle: 5000 rpm Bar diameter: 65 mm C-axis: 0.001° Turret positions: 12 Tool holder: VDI 30 Driven tool stations: 12 Spindle speed of driven tools max.: 5000 rpm Rapid traverse X / Z: 60 / 45 m/min Total power requirement: 32 kVA Machine weight approx.: 4.3 t Space requirement approx.: 3895 x 2284 x 1885 mm Accessories/Equipment Chip conveyor Parts catcher Conveyor belt C-axis Driven tools Documentation --Used machine, no guarantee-- --Errors and prior sale excepted--

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, operating hours: 7,000 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 9615, total length: 31,200 mm, total height: 2,300 mm, total width: 4,600 mm, overall weight: 9,000 kg, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, safety light barrier, SC3-200-5 fully automatic cutting system Kodpfjzyihuex Aqiodt Angle and inclination drive for the sawing station Automatic infeed system Feed cross conveyor (6 strands, wood length up to 14 m) Component support for small cross-sections Control unit for waste disposal Conveyor belt for waste disposal (integrated) 6-arm stacking table (wood length up to 10 m) Combination support for vertically operating tools 2x Vertical drilling unit 2.2 kW 2x Vertical chain mortiser 5.5 kW Additional combination support, vertical, for rotary milling cutter Rotary milling head 7.5 kW Combination support for horizontally operating tools 2x Horizontal drilling unit 2.2 kW Marking device, rear Marking device, bottom Marking device, front Angled conveyor, right

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 17,150 h, Linde H30D-02 Triplo 480 Freelift / Sideshift / 4th Fork Spreader, VW Diesel, 2013, 17,150 hours, DIESEL. Kdodpfozxq Srsx Aqiot A video can be sent via WhatsApp. We have a continuous stock; see our website. Prices are quoted ex Nuland. Van de Wert Trading B.V. has a varying stock of machines, trucks, trailers, and attachments. All our deliveries are at trade prices in AS-IS condition without any guarantees (see our general terms and conditions). You can make a non-binding appointment for a viewing and/or test drive. Please call beforehand, as we are not always on site. Van de Wert Trading B.V. Bedrijfsstraat 3 5391 LR Nuland

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, operating hours: 59,827 h, pressing force: 204 t, overall weight: 16,600 kg, This HAMMERLE BM 200 - 3100 press brake was manufactured in 2000. It is a robust and reliable machine, ideal for bending applications. Consider the opportunity to buy this HAMMERLE BM 200 - 3100 press brake. Contact us for more information. Machine Benefits Qualitative Machine Benefits • The machine has a pressing force of 200 tons over a length of 3 m, which can bend a sheet thickness of up to 20 mm. However, this is all tool dependent. Right now tools for a thickness of up to 8 mm are used Technical Machine Benefits • Max. Working length: 3100 mm • Max. Stroke: 400 mm • Projection: 250 mm • Operating voltage/frequency: 400v 50hz Kdedpfox D Ni Tsx Aqiet • Control voltage: 24v dc • Connected load main motor: 22 kw • Total connected load: 32 kw • Rated current of back-up fuse: 80 a Extra Information Machine still under power

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 4,200 h, Forklift LINDE H25D-02 duplo300 FREELIFT/SIDESHIFT 2014 4200 hours DIESEL Kodpfxjzqu D No Aqiedt

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, Technical Data: Maximum clamping force: 3,500 kN Maximum locking force: 3,850 kN Opening stroke: 725 mm Minimum mold installation height: 400 mm Maximum mold installation height: 900 mm (extended) Clamping plate dimensions (h x v): 1,168 x 1,144 mm Clear tie bar spacing (width x height): 830 x 830 mm Maximum mold weight: 6,600 kg Maximum weight on moving platen: 3,800 kg Maximum weight on fixed platen: 5,100 kg Ejector stroke: 250 mm Ejector force (increased): 100 kN Max. ejector speed: 270 mm Screw diameter: 60 mm Injection pressure: 2,426 bar Max. injection volume: 891 cm³ Max. injection speed: 160 mm/s Max. dosing stroke: 315 mm Max. nozzle stroke: 520 mm Nozzle immersion depth: 20 mm Back pressure over dosing stroke programmable Installed cylinder heating: 23.1 kW Material hopper capacity: 110 l Machine weight: approx. 21 t Kdodpfxoy Hmfyo Aqiot Accessories: Robot: Manufacturer: SEPRO ROBOTIQUE (France) Model: 5T35 2000/900/TE-1800 Year of manufacture: 2023 Stroke: 2,000 mm Speed: 3.5 m/s Horizontal demolding stroke Y-axis: 900 mm Vertical demolding stroke X-axis: 1,800 mm Robot console on fixed platen Gripper function R1 (C) axis pneumatic 0° - 90°, including quick-change plate Weight: 583 kg MuCell Integration: The special option includes: • Plasticizing cylinder with pneumatic shut-off nozzle without mixing element and without non-return valve; • Interface (communication, emergency stop interface); • Software with functional display pages for controlling the MuCell function; • Adapted nozzle guard; • Position-controlled high-speed screw (analog ZE388) Conveyor belt: Width: 870 mm Usable width: 800 mm Length: 3,500 mm Height: 880 - 1,220 mm Load capacity: 38 kg/m² Belt speed: 5.7 m/min Number of frames: 2 Clear tunnel height: 500 mm This injection molding machine is fully equipped!! Condition: As new condition, only 5,290 operating hours.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2017, machine/vehicle number: 0371, Offer 25146 Technical Data: - Portable design suitable for CrNi steels - Air flow rate: approx. 200 m³/h - Max. negative pressure: 19,000 Pa - Filter surface area: approx. 0.8 m² - Filter separation efficiency: 99.9% - Extraction connection: 60 mm Kodpfoxtapijx Aqiedt - Extraction hose: 6 m - EWM torch package, water-cooled with extraction function: 4 m - Automatic start-stop - Dust drawer - Drive – fan: 230 V / 1.1 kW - Space requirement: approx. W 650 x H 600 x D 250 mm - Weight: approx. 25 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, cutting diameter 300 mm capacity 90 degrees: flat 320 x 290 mm capacity 45 degrees: flat re 300 x 280 mm capacity 45 degrees: round re 300 mm capacity 60 degrees: flat re 190 x 200 mm capacity 60 degrees: round re 200 mm Kodpfxjzv Ul De Aqiodt capacity 45 degrees: flat li 270 x 200 mm capacity 45 degrees: round li 270 mm turning speed range: 20 - 100 m/min saw band length 3660 x 27 x 0.9 mm power capacity 2.4 kW weight of the machine ca. 650 kg range L-W-H 2050 x 1170 x 1600 mm Current list price: approx. 15.000 euros Special price available upon request Features: - Semi-automatic electro-hydraulic band saw (INDUSTRIE) - Suitable for single-piece and small-batch production - Large, ball-bearing-mounted cast-iron turntable * For miter cuts from 45° left to 60° right - Hydraulic feed mechanism Material clamping - Ergonomic control panelâ??front right, swiveling - Coolant system - Operatoration manual * Semi-automatic work cycle: After the cycle starts, the vise closes automatically, the saw frame lowers for the cut and automatically raises back to the predefined starting position once the cut is complete. Afterward, the vise opens.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, total length: 3,750 mm, total width: 1,900 mm, total height: 2,900 mm, Colour: Cream Weight: 12.620 kg Price: On request Kedpezzb I Aefx Aqisdt - Details: - └ Description: Machine errors. Cannot reference axes. Needs repair. - Year: 2019 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 73431915241 - Drive system: CNC - Control system brand: Delem - Control system type: DA-66T - Power [kW]: 22.0 - Number of axes [pcs]: 6: Y1+Y2+X+R+Z1+Z2 - Press force [ton]: 220 - Max. working width [mm]: 3050 - Column gap [mm]: 2500 - Max. stroke [mm]: 265 - Crowning system: CNC-controlled - Punch holder: Hydraulic - Tool holder type: WILA-standard - Tools included: Yes - Options: Finger safety guard, Angle measuring system - Transport dimensions: 3750mm x 1900mm x 2900mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 12620kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, operating hours: 95,000 h, clamping force: 200 kN, displacement volume: 113 cm³, injection pressure: 2,178 bar, overall weight: 11,500 kg, screw conveyor diameter: 30 mm, terms of delivery: EXW (ex Works) delivery time: on request Kdsdpfx Aqjz A Ialeiot terms of payment: 100% prior to delivery

Condition: used, Broaching tool, broaching needle, special tool, grooving tool, keyway machine, keyway machine, keyway tool, keyway broaching needle -Manufacturer: SWZ, broaching needle -Type: SW 22 F8x28,35 RL 20-50 mm -Article No.: 24 3039 174 208 020 TKC -Width: Square 22 mm -Quantity: 3 pieces available -Price per piece -Total dimensions: Ø 22 x 925 mm Ksdsitt R Iepfx Aqisdt -Weight: 2.1 kg/piece

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, operating hours: 22,000 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 28217, travel distance X-axis: 2,700 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, overall weight: 18,500 kg, The combination of the Zayer 20 KF 3000 machine, the Heidenhain TNC 426 control system, and a swivel universal head (Huron type) transforms this milling machine into a versatile and powerful production hub. The swivel head completely eliminates the biggest drawback of large machines – the need to constantly reposition and re-clamp heavy workpieces for machining at different angles. Here’s how precisely this head works with the Heidenhain system and what possibilities it offers. Kinematics and capabilities of the swivel head. The head in ZAYER machines consists of two inclined dividing planes that rotate relative to each other. This design allows for: Transition from vertical to horizontal: In a few moments, you can change the machine from a vertical machining center to a horizontal milling machine. This makes it possible, for example, to simultaneously machine the top of a workpiece and, a moment later, mill its sides. Milling at any angle: The head allows you to position the spindle in space at unusual angles, which is crucial for machining inclined surfaces, chamfering large plates, or creating converging pockets. Enormous rigidity: Although the head is movable, its design locks with tremendous force (mechanically or hydraulically). The machine does not lose any of its ability to perform heavy rough machining (so-called “hogging” with a large chip). Cycle 19 and PLANE in Heidenhain TNC 426 – The magic of software. The biggest challenge with a swivel head is the mathematics – when you tilt the tool, the zero points in the X, Y, and Z axes change. Heidenhain TNC 426 solves this automatically using dedicated geometric functions: Cycle 19 (Machining Plane): You inform the control system of the angle at which you have physically rotated the head. The computer immediately recalculates the entire coordinate system. The tool moves in the axis at an angle, and you program as if you were working on a flat surface. Coordinate transformation: You don't have to manually calculate the tool offset after rotating the head. The controller knows the exact dimensions of the machine's kinematics and automatically corrects the position of the X, Y, and Z axes. Angular drilling: After calling Cycle 19, the standard drilling cycle (e.g., deep drilling) automatically performs the feed movement in the inclined axis – the operator writes the program in the Z axis, and the machine physically moves with a combination of the X, Y, and Z axes. Production benefits in the workshop. Machining 5 sides of a workpiece from a single setup: You place a 5-ton steel block on the table. You clamp it once. By rotating the head, you machine the top and all four sides without moving the workpiece with a crane. This guarantees perfect maintenance of geometric tolerances (perpendicularity and parallelism of the surfaces). Time savings and safety: Repositioning a large workpiece on the table often takes hours and carries the risk of accidents or damage to the table. With this head, you only reposition the tool – manually using dividing plates or in an automatic version from the program. Kjdpfx Aqozrd Tvoijdt

Condition: excellent (used), Here we offer you a chamber dryer. External dimensions approx.: Width: 1,885 mm Depth: 1,200 mm Height: 2,425 mm Internal dimensions approx.: Width: 1,030 mm Depth: 1,000 mm Height: 2,100 mm Internal volume: 2.2 m³ Rated temperature: 100 °C Operating temperature: 85 °C Heating medium: 3 x 400 V, 50 Hz Heating power: 20 kW Air circulation rate: 4,500 m³/h / 400 Pa Motor power: 1.1 kW Protection class: IP 54 The chamber heating oven must not be used for flammable or explosive materials. The chamber heating oven must not be installed in an explosion-proof area. Continuous chain conveying system External dimensions: Height: 1,880 mm Width: 809 mm Depth: 950 mm Carrier bars: 13 pieces Pitch: 228 mm Carrier bar width: 354 mm Carrier bar depth: 320 mm Usable height: 135 mm Drive motor power: 0.25 kW at 189 Nm Transport speed: average 5 m/min. Load capacity/carrier bar: max. 10 kg Total load capacity: max. 130 kg Kjdozdzixepfx Aqijdt Total weight when loaded: max. 730 kg Year of manufacture: 2005 Type: Ke/SO Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See picture) (Changes and errors in the technical data and specifications are reserved!) We will gladly answer any further questions you may have over the phone.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, load capacity: 165 kg, controller model: 30iA, teach pendant manufacturer: Fanuc, input voltage: 400 V, type of input current: three-phase, Used but good condition. Repeatability test done, greased, mechanical and RAM batteries changed. We have cleaned it up but it did come from a spotweld environment so has obvious signs of use. Kdjdpfxsuqa Tie Aqijt

Condition: new, Drilling capacity cast iron / steel ----- 31.5 / 25 mm Tapping capacity cast iron / steel ----- 20 / 16 mm Speed range ----- (8) 100 ~ 1600 rpm Spindle stroke ----- 135 mm Unload ----- 300 ~ 720 mm Spindle intake ----- MK3 Spindle feed ----- 0.08 / 0.14 / 0.22 mm/omw Cube table----- 250 x 250 x 250 mm Column diameter ----- 150 mm Foot ----- 1200 x 620 mm Maximum distance spindle - base ----- 275 ~ 680 mm Motor ----- 1.1 KW Voltage ----- 400V / 3 Phase Weight ----- 580 KG Kodpfjq E Izmjx Aqiodt INCLUDING * Cooling system * CE plug * SCHNEIDER electrics OPTION * Floor cabinet

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, Machining diameter: 3,000 mm Machining height: 500 mm Z-axis travel, left support: 551 mm Z-axis travel, right support: 350 mm W-axis travel: 1,100 mm Rotation speed, left/right: 2,000 min-1 Max. table load: 6,000 kg 2x grinding supports – swiveling 2x diamond dressing tools Magnetic clamping plate by SAV Control system update in 2004 Kdodsz Difxepfx Aqist Control system: R&D MTC 2x-G

Condition: used, TECHNICAL DETAILS - center height : 320 [mm] GRINDING WHEEL HOLDER HEADSTOCK - Left grinding wheels dimensions : 400 x 50 x 127 [mm] - Right grinding wheels dimensions : 225 x 20 x 76,2 [mm] - Power : 3 [kW] - Spindle speeds : 3000 [rpm] - Orientation of grinding wheel holder headstock : 270 [°] PART-HOLDER HEADSTOCK - Orientation of part holder headstock : 360 [°] Kedpfx Asyn R I Toqisdt - Spindle speeds : 20 - 400 [rpm] - Spindle internal cone : Morse 5 - Power : 0.9 [kW] POWER SUPPLY - Supply voltage : 380 [V] EQUIPMENT - Automatic cycle work (rough part, finishing and reverse) - Heidenhain display - Coolant tank * with paper filtering unit - 1 internal grinding spindle : 12000 [rpm]

Condition: ready for operation (used), Mechanical shear FE.MAR Cutting length: 2000 mm Cutting thickness: 3 mm Ksdpfx Aswm Er Eoqiedt Motorized rear register. Steel base. Front sheet metal supports.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, Arburg 320C 500-100 (2008) Clamping force: 50 t Screw diameter: 25 mm Opening stroke 350 mm Mould height : 200 mm Distance between tie bars V: 320 mm Distance between tie bars H: 320 mm Mould clamping platens: 446x446 Kodpfx Aez A A Hajqisdt Injection pressure : 2240 Shot volume: 49 cm3 Shot weight: 45 g Ejector stroke : 125 mm Ejector force: 30 kN Net weight : 2080 kg Type: Horizontal Drive: Hydraulic Selogica CF card reader machine tested English language Type: Horizontal Drive: Hydraulic Machine hours: 53000

Condition: used, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 08/2007, color: other, Year of construction: 2007, Empty weight: 5.500 kg Axle 1: left 4 mm right 4 mm Axle 2: left 6 mm right 6 mm Axle 3: left 4 mm right 4 mm Kjdpfx Aeza T Uyoqiedt We have the possibility to stack trailers!

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 60 h, functionality: fully functional, warranty duration: 12 months, Equipment: documentation/manual, The wooden frame painting robot system consists of: KUKA IONTEC KR20R3100 robot with KRC4 controller and 7th axis integration 7th axis linear track with servo drive and robot lifting system Control cabinet with a 15” touchscreen interface Beckhoff Safety system with the option to connect safety light barriers or safety mats Kedjzl Sbzepfx Aqiodt Spray control system with 4 proportional valves and solenoid valves Automatic nozzle cleaning unit 8 digital inputs / 8 digital outputs for communication with the conveyor and rotation systems 3. Technical Specifications Parameter Value Working range L = 4,000 mm × H = 2,500 mm 7th axis track length 6,000 mm Maximum robot axis speed 700 mm/s Adjustable painting speed 50–400 mm/s Compressed air requirement 8 bar (1,250 l/min) Power supply ~3 × 400 V, 50 Hz Scanner resolution 7 mm × 7 mm Installed power 15 kW Maximum tool weight 20 kg 4. Frame Recognition and Scanning System The scanning system consists of: Industrial scanner Encoder Dedicated software with an automatic program generator The system detects: Object shape Position relative to the traverse Contours Based on scanning data and operator-defined parameters, the software automatically generates the optimal painting program for the robot. 5. Flexible Recipe System Surface coating quality depends on adjustable, operator-defined parameters. The system allows the creation of unlimited product recipes depending on: Product type Product size Frame configuration (frame, sash, panel) Profile type Large and small format frames Separate parameter sets ensure optimal paint coverage for each product type. Adjustable Parameters: Robot painting speed Spray gun angle relative to the product Spray gun distance from the product Spray start and stop delay Paint reduction at intersections and corners Product thickness Spray penetration depth for internal surfaces Air flow regulation Paint pressure control 6. Painting Process Sequence 1. External surface coating 2. Internal surface coating 3. Final facade finishing layer This sequence ensures complete and uniform coverage of all surfaces. 7. Supported Products The software can automatically generate painting programs for: Standard rectangular European windows (without additional trims), where the internal opening painting surface ≥ 350 mm Flat-surface Closed door frames mounted on a traverse (no open ends)