Used Hitachi Seiki Hs 400 for sale (20,360)

Condition: new, GMN HF Spindle HSP150DH 381 12 kW 350Hz 7000 rpm 400V - Mapal SN: 378199, unused in opened original packaging, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos. ATTENTION: Please enquire separately for packaging and shipping costs! Rjdpfxoy Np Ups Ai Hsu

Condition: new, GMN HF spindle / High-frequency spindle HSP150DH 381 12kW / 350Hz / 7000rpm / 400V SN: 376010, unused in opened original packaging, 100% operational, scope of delivery as per photos. ATTENTION: Please enquire separately for costs of packaging and shipping! Rodpfey Np U Aox Ai Heu

Condition: new, GMN HSP 150GDH 9kW 533Hz 16000rpm 400V – HSKC63 Mapal, MMS, unused with storage marks in original packaging, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos. ATTENTION: Please enquire for charges for packing and transport separately! Rodsy Np U Nepfx Ai Hsu

Condition: ready for operation (used), Mapal MN5364-08-KF expansion chuck DIN 69882-7 with axial length adjustment Ø 16 mm DIN4000-89-HSK - hollow shank taper base holder, used, normal signs of wear, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos Rodpji Eb Abefx Ai Hou

Condition: new, GMN HSP150 x 381 9kW 800Hz 24000rpm 400V - HSK C-6 HF spindle / high-frequency spindle SN: 367488, unused in opened original packaging, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos. ATTENTION: Please enquire separately for costs of packaging and shipping! Rsdpfxoy Nqaao Ai Hou

Condition: new, GMN HF-Spindle HSP150DH 381 12 kW 350Hz 7000rpm 400V - Mapal SN: 378200, unused in opened original packaging, 100% functional, scope of delivery as per photos. ATTENTION: Please enquire separately for charges for packaging and shipping! Rsdpfjy Np Uvex Ai Hou

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1990, Technical details: x-travel: 800 mm y-travel: 410 mm z-travel: 510 mm control: Fanuc 10 MA rapid travel x/y/z: 20/20/15 mm/min table surface area: 1100 x 450 mm tool taper: BT 40 tool magazin:: 30 BT 40 max. tool length: 250 mm max. tool weight: 8 kg power requirement: 7,5/5,5 kW turning speed range: 6000 1/min weight of the machine ca.: 6,3 t Rodpfxoy S T T Uo Ai Hou Under offer is a complete CNC tool shop, whioch will be given up due to old age of owner. The Mori Seiki is still highly accurate. All existing tool holders, tools, drills, etc. come with the machine. All measuring devices also come with the machine. Upon request orders for parts to be made can be passed on to new owner. This is a low cost all inclusive opportunity for a "Startup" *

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, Technical details: standard turning dia.: 200 turning length: max. 810 mm control: MSX-701 MAPPS IV greates pass round over bed: 800 mm Max. distance between centres: 1130 mm max. turning diameter: 320 mm max. workpiecediameter: 300 mm bar material dia.: 65 mm Traverse X-Axis 1: 210 Traverse X-Axis 2: 210 mm Traverse X-Axis 3: 210 mm Traverse Y-Axis 1: 110 (+65/-45) mm Traverse Y-Axis 2: 110 (+45,/-65) mm Traverse Z-Axis 1: 300 mm Traverse Z-Axis 3: 300 mm Traverse Z-Axis 2: 810 mm Traverse B-Axis: 870 mm turning speed range - spindle: 5.000 1/min Number of spindle speed ranges: 2 . spindle nose: JIS A2-6 spindle bore: 73 mm spindle bearing diameter: 120 mm C-Axis: 0,001 ° turning speed range - spindle: 5.000 1/min spindle nose: JIS A2-6 spindle bore: 73 mm bar material dia. max: 65/52 mm spindle bearing diameter: 120 mm C-Axis: 0,001 ° Number of Turrets: 3 . Number of tool stations: 16 x 3=48 pos Schank height for square tool: 20 mm Diameter of boring bar: 32 mm turret changing time (4-stations): 0,18 sec Number of driven tools: 16 x 3=48 pos max. spindle speed driven tools: 6.000 U/min. Rotary tool machining ability: M16 / Ø16 . rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min rapid traverse Y-axis: 20 m/min rapid traverse Z-axis: 50 m/min drive capacity - spindle motor: 25 / 22 kW power capacity - driven tools: 7,5 / 5,5 kW total power requirement: 92,7 kVA weight of the machine ca.: 9,4 t dimensions of the machine ca.: 4,0 x 2,8 x 2,4 m Accerories Chip conveyor Coolantsystem Rsdpfxoy S Tm Uo Ai Hou C-axis in main and sub spindle Y-axis 2 x part counter total counter tool setting Overhead partsgripper with conveyor belt. Spindle 1 Chuck SMW KNCS-N 210 / 52 mm Spindle 2 Collet Chuck Hainbuch Spanntop nova Kombi Axfix 65 Robot interface Lehmann Robot with parts belt for feeding and disposal CNC Turning- and Milling Center MORI SEIKI NZ 2000 T3Y2 The NZ2000 T3Y has 2 spindles and 3 turrets, and 2 turrets have the Y-axis function and built-in milling motors. This not only allows synchronized machining using 3 turrets, but also achieves heavy-duty cutting and high-speed machining using rotary tools thanks to the built-in motor turrets. For shaft parts loading and unloading there is a Lehmann Robot conveyor belts for loading and unloading. The machine can also be sold without robot. *

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1989, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1764, controller manufacturer: Fanuc, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! MACHINE DETAILS Rsdpjy Sluqofx Ai Hou Control: Fanuc EQUIPMENT Accessories as shown in the pictures

Condition: used, color: other, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 3,773 h, Drive: Wheel Power internal combustion engine: 1722 HP (1267 kW) GVW: 18.600 kg Make of engine: ISUZU CE mark: yes Serial number: HCMLBE5ZH00040393 Machines for Sale Browse our website for a variety of machines ready for purchase. We have more options than what you see online, so feel free to call or email us anytime. All our machines are fully maintained and checked for reliability. Need pictures? Just contact us, and we'll share them promptly.   Redpfxoy R Db Hs Ai Hju We're here to assist you in Dutch, English, French, German, Spanish and Russian. Discover our wide range of reliable machines. 

Condition: used, color: other, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 5,443 h, Drive: Wheel Power internal combustion engine: 163 HP (120 kW) GVW: 19.360 kg CE mark: yes Serial number: HCMLBA5ZC00030479 Rodpfx Ajx Ib Hboi Hju Machines for Sale Browse our website for a variety of machines ready for purchase. We have more options than what you see online, so feel free to call or email us anytime. All our machines are fully maintained and checked for reliability. Need pictures? Just contact us, and we'll share them promptly.   We're here to assist you in Dutch, English, French, German, Spanish and Russian. Discover our wide range of reliable machines. 

Condition: used, mileage: 147,100 km, power: 302 kW (410.61 HP), first registration: 06/2016, fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 26,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, color: white, gearing type: automatic, emission class: euro6, loading space length: 6,500 mm, loading space width: 2,480 mm, loading space height: 850 mm, Equipment: ABS, air conditioning, crane, electronic stability program (ESP), parking heater, Rear-mounted crane Palfinger PK 34002-SH E Power Link Plus, foldable, radio remote control, with additional articulated jib PJ 060 B, rotator and 1,500 kg rotating fork with rear mounting bracket. Load chart: 6.3 m - 4,450 kg, 8.2 m - 3,250 kg, 10.3 m - 2,450 kg, 12.4 m - 1,960 kg, 14.5 m - 1,640 kg, 16.7 m - 1,420 kg. Load capacity chart: 25.4 m - 570 kg. * Steerable trailing (tag) axle, liftable. ---- ----* Axle load indicator, front and rear * 12-speed automatic transmission * Hill hold function * Front axle air suspension * Rear axle differential lock * Rear axle air suspension * Liftable trailing axle * Duomatic brake connection * Anti-lock braking system (ABS) * Scania emergency braking assistant (AEB) * Electronic stability program (ESP) * Scania lane departure warning system (LDW) * Roof hatch in cab * External transparent sun visor * Exterior mirrors electrically adjustable and heated * Electric windows for driver and passenger doors * Central locking with remote control * Immobilizer (transponder) * Scania Opticruise transmission without clutch pedal * Automatic climate control * Additional warm air heater * Heated driver's seat * Reversing alarm * Reversing camera * 400-liter fuel tank * Fog lights * Engine version Euro 6 * Fuel pre-heating * GPS-controlled cruise control * Engine with AdBlue * Aluminium drop sides * Raised front board * Lashing eyes on external frame * Drawbar coupling (pintle type) * Air-suspended driver's seat * Steered trailing axle * Central lubrication system * EBS Redoy Euacopfx Ai Hju * No spare wheel ----Sale only to commercial customers! No guarantee for information provided! Subject to prior sale! Our general terms and conditions exclusively apply! We are happy to offer you a leasing or financing option.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 1,500 h, USED Akira Seiki 1600XP Fanuc 0iMF Open Fronted Vertical Machining Centre with Fanuc Ex Stock - Subject to Prior Sale. YOM 2020, Machine with Very Low Hours Usage. Approx 1500 Hours  12,000 RPM Spindle with Refrigeration System  36 Station Arm Type ATC  Full Splash Guard  Fully Integrated Detron GXA-255h 4th Axis Nc Rotary Table with SR255H Tailstock Support Unit  Chip Conveyor & Chip Bin (Scraper Type)  Chip Flushing System Including Coolant Wash Gun  Through Spindle Coolant System - 35 Bars with Filter  Fanuc Memory Extension - 2 Mb  Fanuc 10.4 “ Screen with Manual Guide-I  Coolant Tank Capacity - 640 Litres  THK Heavy Duty Linear Guideways  Manual Pulse Generator  3 Colour Signal Lamp  Automatic Lubrication System  Rigid Tapping & Helical Interpolation Function TABLE Working Surface 1,750 X 800 MM Tee Slots 18 x 125 x 6.0 MM Spindle Nose to Table 100 ~ 915 MM Spindle Centre to Column 865 MM Table Load Capacity 2,300 KGS TRAVEL X-Axis Travel 1,630 MM Y-Axis Travel 850 MM Z-Axis Travel 815 MM SPINDLE Spindle Nose Taper BT-40 Spindle Speed - Max 12,000 RPM FEED Rapid Traverse (X & Y-Axis) 33 M / MIN Rapid Traverse (Z-Axis) 25 M / MIN Cutting Feedrates - Max 12 M / MIN ACCURACIES Positioning 0.01 MM Repeatability + - 0.003 MM ATC Tool Storage Capacity ARM TYPE - 36 STATIONS Maximum Tool Weight 7.0 KGS Tool Diameter - Max 75 MM Tool Length - Max 250 MM Tool Shank BT-40 Tool Exchange Time 2.2 SEC MOTOR Spindle Drive Motor (FANUC) 18.5 KW POWER SUPPLY Voltage 415V / 3PH / 50HZ Power Requirement 30.0 KVA Rjdpfeu A U Nksx Ai Hou MACHINE DIMENSIONS Machine Floor Space Requirement 4,820 x 3,576 MM Machine Weight 12,600 KG

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 1,500 h, USED Akira Seiki 1600XP Fanuc 0iMF Open Fronted Vertical Machining Centre with Fanuc Redjq Nmm Tjpfx Ai Heu Ex Stock - Subject to Prior Sale. YOM 2020, Machine with Very Low Hours Usage. Approx 1500 Hours  12,000 RPM Spindle with Refrigeration System  36 Station Arm Type ATC  Full Splash Guard  Fully Integrated Detron GXA-255h 4th Axis Nc Rotary Table with SR255H Tailstock Support Unit  Chip Conveyor & Chip Bin (Scraper Type)  Chip Flushing System Including Coolant Wash Gun  Through Spindle Coolant System - 35 Bars with Filter  Fanuc Memory Extension - 2 Mb  Fanuc 10.4 “ Screen with Manual Guide-I  Coolant Tank Capacity - 640 Litres  THK Heavy Duty Linear Guideways  Manual Pulse Generator  3 Colour Signal Lamp  Automatic Lubrication System  Rigid Tapping & Helical Interpolation Function TABLE Working Surface 1,750 X 800 MM Tee Slots 18 x 125 x 6.0 MM Spindle Nose to Table 100 ~ 915 MM Spindle Centre to Column 865 MM Table Load Capacity 2,300 KGS TRAVEL X-Axis Travel 1,630 MM Y-Axis Travel 850 MM Z-Axis Travel 815 MM SPINDLE Spindle Nose Taper BT-40 Spindle Speed - Max 12,000 RPM FEED Rapid Traverse (X & Y-Axis) 33 M / MIN Rapid Traverse (Z-Axis) 25 M / MIN Cutting Feedrates - Max 12 M / MIN ACCURACIES Positioning 0.01 MM Repeatability + - 0.003 MM ATC Tool Storage Capacity ARM TYPE - 36 STATIONS Maximum Tool Weight 7.0 KGS Tool Diameter - Max 75 MM Tool Length - Max 250 MM Tool Shank BT-40 Tool Exchange Time 2.2 SEC MOTOR Spindle Drive Motor (FANUC) 18.5 KW POWER SUPPLY Voltage 415V / 3PH / 50HZ Power Requirement 30.0 KVA MACHINE DIMENSIONS Machine Floor Space Requirement 4,820 x 3,576 MM Machine Weight 12,600 KG

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, turning diameter 430 mm turning length 519-525 mm control Mori seiki MSX-805 x-axis 230 mm Rjdpfx Aey Sblxji Hju z-axis 520 mm weight of the machine ca. 4100 kg

Year of construction: 2023, condition: good (used), functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: SRV54341, Ladies and Gentlemen, We are selling the Hitachi FT230 XRF analyzer described and photographed here. Excerpt from the manufacturer: Each individual element of the FT200 series has been developed to drastically reduce the analysis time. Automated focusing reduces sample loading time Intelligent recognition with the Find My Part™ function automatically sets up the complete measurement routine Sample view is displayed over a large part of the screen for excellent visibility Self-diagnostics confirm the condition and stability of the device Seamless integration with other software and easy data export Intuitive and easy to use thanks to a new user interface Powerful: simultaneous measurement of up to four layers and substrates Designed for demanding production or laboratory environments Complies with ASTM B568 and DIN ISO 3497 standards Rsdpfx Aeuwkr Dsi Hsu Supports you in meeting the specifications for ENIG (IPC-4552B), ENEPIG (IPC-4556), Immersion Sn (IPC-4554) and Immersion Ag (IPC-4553A) Further information: Detector: Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) Element range: Al (13) - U (92) Stage travel: 250 x 200 mm Motorized Z-axis movement: 205 mm Maximum sample size: 500 x 400 x 150 mm Laser focus: Standard Coating thickness analysis: possible RoHS screening: possible Further information and images of the machine are available on request. Disclaimer The machines offered are sold "as is" and "without warranty". Any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, are hereby expressly disclaimed. Seller assumes no responsibility for the operability, reliability or accuracy of the machine. It is the buyer's responsibility to thoroughly inspect the machine prior to purchase and ensure that it meets his requirements. Any descriptions or specifications of the machine are for information purposes only and may contain inaccuracies or errors. The seller shall not be liable for any such inaccuracies or errors and assumes no obligation to update or correct such information. Buyer agrees that Seller shall not be liable for any damages or losses arising directly or indirectly from the purchase, use or inability to use the machine, including, but not limited to, lost profits, business interruption or consequential damages. Any repairs or modifications to the machine after purchase are the sole responsibility of the buyer. Seller shall not be liable for damages caused by improper repairs or modifications. By purchasing the machine, the buyer expressly agrees to the terms of this disclaimer and waives any claims against the seller in connection with the purchase or use of the machine.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1990, CNC Machining Center Manufacturer: MORI SEIKI Type: Partner M300 A-1 Year of Manufacture: 1990 Control: FANUC O-M Travel: X/Y/Z: 400 x 300 x 495 mm Distance between spindle center and pallet table (Y-axis): 25 – 325 mm Distance between spindle nose and pallet table (Z-axis): 125 – 620 mm Rapid traverse: 24 m/min Feed rate up to 5 m/min Spindle: Ball screw: 36 mm diameter Feed drives FANUC AC X/Y-axis Model 5 Z-axis Model 10 Main spindle speed: 100 – 6000 rpm Main spindle motor: AC 5.5 kW Main spindle taper: BT 40 Pallet: Pallet size: 315 x 315 mm Pallet indexing angle: 7.5 degrees Indexing accuracy: + / - 2 sec. Repeatability: + / - 1 sec. Pallet clamping force: 3,400 kg Workpiece weight max.: 150 kg Automatic tool changer: Number of tools: 30 Tool change time: 2.5 sec. Collet clamping time: 7 sec. Tool diameter max.: 110 mm Tool length max.: 250 mm Tool weight max.: 8 kg Rjdpot Rg E Ssfx Ai Hju Special accessories: End-of-cycle indicator with alarm light Magazine for 30 tools Operating hour display Tool life monitoring Coolant system Work area lighting Weight: approx. 4,500 kg Space requirement: 1,900 x 2,300 mm 19526

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 16,020 h, Equipment: all wheel drive, Wheel Loader Hitachi ZW200, * Hitachi * Model ZW200 * Year of manufacture: 2006 * Operating hours: 16,020 as per display * Powered by 6-cylinder ISUZU diesel engine, 164 kW (223 hp), water-cooled * 4 speed ranges * Single cab with 1 seat * Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 8250 x 2850 (bucket 2950) x 3420 mm * Weight: 18,300 kg * Wheelbase: 2700 mm, Tire size: 23.5R25, tread depth 10-60 mm, 4x4 all-wheel drive * Bucket with teeth: 295 x 1550 x 1420 mm * Air conditioning, radio, auxiliary headlights * Handbrake error message (function limited) Rsdpfsy Ag Tcox Ai Hou Further information and additional pictures available on request. This description does not constitute a binding offer and may contain errors. No guarantee for the accuracy of the information. Feel free to visit our website at

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, Machine has 920 spindle hours. Mori Seiki NLX 2000 turning/milling center, year of manufacture 2021, Celos 730 UM / Mapps control system, X/Z travel 260 / 590 mm, Y-axis +/- 50 mm, bar diameter up to 65 mm, main spindle with C-axis, spindle speed up to 5,000 rpm, Rodpoy Ti Uwefx Ai Hju 12-station BMT turret, driven tools, NC steady rest, tailstock, tailstock spindle speed up to 6,000 rpm, chip conveyor, high-pressure cooling system, oil mist separator, manually adjustable tool pre-setter, swiveling inside the machine, part catcher for main and tailstock spindles, Irco short bar loader ILS, gear hobbing, gear skiving.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, Machining centre Mori Seiki Rsdpfx Ajy Hq Rgei Hju Type NV5000 Year 2006 3 phases CNC Fanuc

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, travel distance X-axis: 230 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 520 mm, overall weight: 4,100 kg, number of axes: 5, This 5-axis MORI SEIKI SL-153 SMC was manufactured in 2000. It features a maximum X-axis travel of 230 mm and Z-axis travel of 520 mm. The machine includes a hydraulic chuck system, chip conveyor, and multiple driven tool holders for enhanced machining capabilities. If you are looking to get high-quality turning capabilities, consider the MORI SEIKI SL-153 SMC horizontal turning machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details. • Machine configuration • Enclosed CNC lathe • Hydraulic chuck system • Foot pedal included • Automatic bar feeder interface likely installed • Tooling and included holders • 3x radial driven tool holders • 4x axial driven tool holders • 2x for main spindle machining • 1x for counter spindle machining • 1x shared output for both spindles • 2x special double boring bar holders (bore Ø20 mm) Rjdpfsy N Shlox Ai Heu • Prepared for Schunk TendoTurn DSE hydraulic clamping accessories (Schunk accessories not included) • Multiple external tool holders • Axial tool holders • Boring bar holders with Ø25 mm and Ø32 mm bores • Accessories for direct mounting of square shank tools on turret • Collet holders • 2x Bellegrandi collet holders type MSCTN52 & MSCTNR52 • Suitable for BA and BD type collets size 52 • For main and counter spindle use • Electrical data • Voltage: 200 V • Frequency: 50 Hz • Full load current: 116 A • Spindle motor current rating: 76 A • Rated power: 40 kVA • Condition • Currently disconnected • Reported functional before removal • Available for inspection Additional equipment • Chip conveyor included (separate accessory) • LNS Hydrobar Sprint 555 / 3M automatic bar feeder • Serial number: 220250 • Year: 2006 • Bar length capacity: 3000 mm • Guide channel suitable for turning applications • Compatibility: Seller states compatible with Mori Seiki SL-153 SMC with minor modifications; reportedly never worked with this lathe previously • Condition: Reported functional Technical Specification Counter Spindle Yes Driven Tools Yes

Condition: used, color: red, Year of construction: 1996, operating hours: 14,547 h, Make of engine: HINO EM100 Mast: lattice Mast length: 3.100 cm Lifting capacity: 65.000 kg Delivery terms: EXW Counterweight: 22800 Production country: JP Please contact Christiaan Dekker for more information Hitachi KH230-3 Year: 1996 Hours: 14547 65 tons crane 3th winch Winches with free-fall option Rjdpjyc E R Ejfx Ai Hju PAT Kruger lifting computer 31 meter boom( more boom available) CE Hino EM100 engine

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, machine/vehicle number: ZT151AEG0163, CNC control MORI SEIKI MSX-501, 2 turrets each with 16 tool stations, driven tools, 2 spindles, bar capacity 52 mm, max. speed 6,000 rpm, max. turning diameter 190 mm, max. turning length 450 mm, Y-axis +/- 40 mm, machine weight 5,100 kg, chip conveyor Rjdpfx Aey Sqhpei Hou

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 11,213 h, Internal vehicle number: MK300022 Rjdpfxeym H R Is Ai Hsu German vehicle Available immediately at our yard in Kaufungen - Kassel More information: * Luis Lucena (German, English, Spanish, French) * Viktoria Sologubova (Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, English) HITACHI ZX210LC-6 crawler excavator Year of manufacture: 2021 11,213 hours 23,100 tons Financing example: * Internal number: MK * Purchase price: €66,900.00 * Down payment: 10% * Term: 60 months * Monthly payment: €1,040.02 Residual value: €12,380.00 If you are interested in this offer or would like to customize it to your needs, please contact us (Mr. Enchev). We look forward to your call. Errors and omissions excepted. We will gladly accept your used vehicle as a trade-in. Financing is available directly with us. GOLEC COMMERCIAL VEHICLES GMBH We speak: German, English, Spanish, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, Bulgarian.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 12,536 h, Equipment: all wheel drive, Internal vehicle number: MK300023 German vehicle Available immediately at our yard in Kaufungen, Kassel More information at: * Luis Lucena (German, English, Spanish, French) * Viktoria Sologubova (Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, English) HITACHI ZW 310-6 28 tons Rjdeym H Rzjpfx Ai Hou 12,536 hours Financing example: * Internal number: MK * Purchase price: €66,900.00 * Down payment: 10% * Term: 60 months * Monthly installment: €1,040.02 Residual value: €12,380.00 If you are interested in this offer or would like to customize it to your needs, please contact us (Mr. Enchev). We look forward to your call. Errors and omissions excepted. We will gladly accept your used vehicle as a trade-in. Financing is available directly with us. GOLEC COMMERCIAL VEHICLES GMBH We speak: German, English, Spanish, Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, Bulgarian.