Used Studer Universal External Cylindrical Grinding Machine for sale (68,901)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, functionality: fully functional, Rolling machine with accessories. Fodpfjzg Hlwox Ahpepi

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1994, Studer S30-1 Year of manufacture: 1994 Fpjdpoy Rmxuofx Ahpei

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1969, BHU 40/1500 TOS Hostivar Cylindrical Grinder Grinding diameter 400 mm Grinding length 1500 mm Maximum workpiece weight 300 kg Grinding wheel: 600 x 150 mm Longitudinal travel of the table (x-axis): 1 – 1790 mm Fpedpfjzg H E Rsx Ahpji Grinding head swivels +/- 45° Table swivels +/- 5° Spindle taper: Morse 5 Maximum rotational speed of the grinding wheel spindle: 1240 rpm / 2100 rpm Total power consumption: 22 kVA Machine weight: approx. 7000 kg Cooling system: none Accessories: none

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, grinding diameter max. 320 mm grinding length 1.500 mm centre height 160 mm Control Touch Jones & Shipman between centers max. 100 kg Traverse Z-Axis 1.645 mm traversing speed m/min swivable +5 / -5 ° Traverse X-Axis 260 mm traversing speed - 6 m/min grinding wheel motor 7,5 kW cutting speed 45 m/s Grinding wheel Ø x width x bore 450 x 50 x 203,2 mm Swivel range -15 / +90 ° turning speed range 0 - 660 U/min Torque 27 Nm tool adaptor MK 3 weight of the machine ca. 8,5 t dimensions of the machine ca. 5,5 x 2,5 x 2,0 m Fjdpfx Ajtqmrpjhpspi Cylindrical Grinding Machine JONES & SHIPMAN - Suprema Easy 1500 E - Replacement grinding wheel flange - Multi-grain diamond (for circumferential and lateral dressing, 10mm, 1 carat) - Tailstock with micro adjustment (max. adjustment range +-0.05mm) - Pneumatic quill retraction - Two-jaw bezel (range 8-75 mm)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, Used Cylindrical Grinding Machine Reckord M 1432 B The Reckord M 1432 B is a high-performance universal cylindrical grinding machine that combines maximum precision with robust construction. With a minimum infeed setting of just 0.0025 mm and outstanding roundness accuracy, it is ideal for demanding grinding tasks in both single-part and series production. Fjdpfxoyxglds Ahpspi Your advantages at a glance: Maximum precision: Minimum grinding wheel infeed of 0.0025 mm ensures top surface finishes and form accuracy. Exceptional flexibility: External, internal, and face grinding – swiveling workhead (+90° / -30°) and table (+3° / -6°) for tapers and complex geometries. Robust construction: Heavy-duty machine bed weighing approx. 4,000 kg for maximum rigidity and vibration damping. Powerful drive: 4 kW grinding wheel motor for rapid stock removal and short machining times. Ergonomic operation: Clearly arranged controls for rapid operator familiarization and intuitive handling. Technical Data Manufacturer: Reckord Model: M 1432 B (Model 1000) Type: Universal cylindrical grinding machine Centre height: 180 mm Max. grinding length: 1000 mm Max. grinding diameter: 315 mm Max. workpiece weight: 150 kg Workhead speeds: 40, 72, 128, 228 rpm Grinding wheel dimensions: 400 x 50 x 203 mm Grinding motor output: 4 kW Total power consumption: 7.8 kW Machine weight: approx. 4,000 kg Machine dimensions (L x W x H): 3240 x 1760 x 1680 mm Colour: Blue (as existing) Condition: Used, fully checked and operational Availability: Immediately ex stock Stockstadt Additional Information Scope of delivery: Cylindrical grinding machine Reckord M 1432 B including standard accessories as per the operating manual. Fully checked and operational. Technical documentation: Supplied in German. Optional services: Commissioning and training by experienced technicians, maintenance contract, as well as financing and leasing options on request. Inspection: The machine can be inspected by appointment in Stockstadt am Rhein.

Year of construction: 1966, condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 12485, grinding diameter:350 mm grinding length:2500 mm centre height:180 mm Fpjdpfx Aji E Ix Nohpoi total power requirement:5,5 kW weight of the machine ca.:5,5 t

Condition: new, Experience unparalleled precision and performance with ROBBI's range of cylindrical grinding machines. Our machines offer grinding lengths starting from 2000mm and are available in semi-automatic and CNC versions. With a grinding diameter range of 300-1000mm, the possibilities are endless. Partly available from stock! Discover our extensive range of optional accessories that make our cylindrical grinding machines even more versatile. Whether it's for complex workpieces or demanding tasks, our machines always deliver the best results. With ROBBI's years of experience, trust us to optimize your machining processes. Invest in quality and precision - contact us today! MAIN TECHNICAL DATA: Model: Omicron CNC 80 Grinding diameter: 795/895/955 mm Grinding length: 3000-6000 mm Center height: 400/450/500 mm Center distance: 3000-6000 mm Swing over bed: 795/895/955 mm Max. workpiece weight between centers: 4 t Additional technical data in the appendix MAIN TECHNICAL DATA: Model: Omicron CNC 60 Grinding diameter: 595/695 mm Grinding length: 1000-3000 mm Center height: 300/350 mm Center distance: 1150-3150 mm Swing over bed: 600/700 mm Max. workpiece weight between centers: 1200 kg Additional technical data available on request or in the appendix MAIN TECHNICAL DATA: Model: Omicron CNC 36 Grinding diameter: 355/455 mm Grinding length: 630-2030 mm Center height: 180/230 mm Swing over bed: 355/455 mm Max. workpiece weight: 250 (300 opt.) kg Additional technical data available on request or in the appendix ACCESSORIES (EXAMPLE FOR OMICRON CNC 80) CNC control: Siemens 840D Glass scales: in the X-axis Coolant system: with coolant collection tray Grinding wheel dresser: mounted on the tailstock (without diamond) Telescopic cover: for the table made of fabric Machine oil: 5l for the spindle Frequency converter: for spindle motor and workpiece drive (stepless) Hydraulic unit: for controlling the tailstock quill Ball screw in the axes: X and Z Optimized cycle with geometric and process parameters - The CNC grinding machines meet the production requirements for medium-sized workpieces. - The machines are equipped with the latest generation SIEMENS 840Di sl system. - The machine can be equipped with automatic measuring systems. - It is possible to design the grinding wheel for geometries specifically created for the required type of production. - High-precision machining can be performed when the grinding machines are equipped with a third interpolated axis and specially designed software. EASY PROGRAMMING Complex programs can be created without the need for ISO programming knowledge. The input of parameters is facilitated by a series of messages and characters that explain the meaning of the various parameters step by step. The programming of work cycles is done by entering the same parameters of the cycle. The sequence of execution of the various cycles can be quickly and intuitively changed. By the way, in addition to affordable new machines and tested used machines, you can expect even more from us: Fjdpfstximvjx Ahpopi • Consultation and problem-solving at your location • Organization of machine transport to your facility • Installation, commissioning, and turnkey delivery, and more.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 632054, There are several machines of the same type/process available. Loading varies – both gantry and robot systems are used. --- (Please provide us with your offer price.) Sales only within Europe, including Turkey. Price excludes packaging; delivery condition: FCA (machine location). ===== Technical data can be found in the attached handout. Any warranty claims are excluded. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the technical data and year of manufacture, the completeness of accessories and tool equipment, or compliance with all safety and environmental protection requirements mentioned in the accident prevention regulations. Fpedszfwnajpfx Ahpei No sales to private individuals.

Year of construction: 2008, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: TTS10371, Our TT8500 is in very good condition and fully functional. It is equipped with an EPSON manipulator and is very well suited for pre-grinding operations such as with step drills, necking, relief grinding, chamfers, etc. The centerless processing also offers special advantages, especially regarding the concentricity of the tools to be produced. Fjdpfx Ahow H Sgujpjpi

Condition: good (used), center height: 215 mm, grinding length: 1,500 mm, total width: 2,300 mm, total length: 5,530 mm, total height: 2,100 mm, grinding diameter: 430 mm, Matrix Okuma Universal Cylindrical Grinder Model: GU – 40 Max Dia Ground: 430mm Max Between Centres: 1500mm Wheel Size: 355 x 50 x 127mm Headstock Speed: 10-150 RPM Variable Table Swivels: 8 Degree Fsdpfxeyglhfo Ahpspi Machine With: Coolant Filtration Tank Steadies Internal Grinding Attachment with Quill Dimensions: 5530 x 2300 x 2100mm High Weight: 6200 Kgs

Condition: good (used), center height: 200 mm, grinding length: 1,600 mm, grinding wheel diameter: 450 mm, grinding diameter: 400 mm, Mostana Horizontal Spindle Grinder Model: 3L722B-80 Capacity: 1600 x 400 x 400mm Long Travel: 1780mm Cross Travel: 430mm VerticalTravel: 415mm Grinding Wheel: 450 x 80 x 203mm Spindle Motor: 11 KW Machine With: Rapid Traverse Vertical Fsdpfjyglc Aex Ahpopi Incremental Downfeed Magnetic Chuck: 1575 x 400mm Coolant Clarifier Digital Readout Dimensions: 5940 x 2660 x 2600mm High Weight: 8000 KGS

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 055 - 030.0221, Complete overhaul Year 2003 - Fanuc 16i-T Center height 175 mm and distance between centers 650 mm 2 external grinding wheels + B-axis fine adjustment Country of origin: CH Voltage: 3x400V Dimensions: 3680x2165x2100 mm Net machine weight: 5500 kg TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Center height: 175 mm Distance between centers: 650 mm LONGITUDINAL SLIDE (Z) Maximum travel: 800 mm Speed: 0.001 – 10,000 mm/min Resolution: 0.0001 mm TRANSVERSE SLIDE (X) Maximum travel: 254 mm / SPW 650 Speed: 0.001 – 5,000 mm/min Resolution: 0.0001 mm Maximum weight of workpiece clamped between centers: 80 kg TAILSTOCK Taper: Morse 3 Sleeve: Ø 50 mm Sleeve travel: 35 mm UNIVERSAL GRINDING WHEEL HEAD Left wheel dimension: 500 x 80 x 203 mm Right wheel dimension: 400 x 80 x 203 mm Grinding wheel head power: 12.5 kW Rotation speed: 3,200 min-1 Programmable cutting speed up to: 50 m/s B-axis travel: -15 to +195° B-axis indexing accuracy: 0.0001 ° LEFT WORKPIECE HEAD Taper: CM3 Power: 4 kW Rotation speed: 1-1000 min-1 C-axis indexing accuracy: 0.001 ° RIGHT WORKPIECE HEAD Taper: CM3 Power: 4 kW Rotation speed: 1-1000 min-1 C-axis indexing accuracy: 0.001° Fodpfx Aszbaz Ajhpopi Hydraulic feed with pressure control Subject to errors and omissions, the technical specifications are provided without commitment. Inventory No. 2250029: STUDER S31 CNC, S/No. 055 - 030.0221 Completely overhauled: Mechanical, geometry, hydraulics, and electrical components (checked and/or replaced) Grinding wheel head Disassembly, cleaning of parts, replacement of worn and defective parts, overhaul of the motor, replacement of bearings, replacement of belts, spindle disassembly, replacement of seals and O-rings + adjustment. New paint. Workpiece head Disassembly, cleaning of parts, replacement of worn and defective parts, overhaul of the motor, replacement of belts. New spindle bearings. New paint. Tailstock Disassembled, inspected, overhauled Hydraulics Disassembly, motor check, replacement of pipes, defective and worn parts. Check the hydraulic block. X-axis Disassembly, replacement of worn parts such as O-rings, seals, segments, etc., overhaul of the hydraulic piston, re-grinding of the tables. Z-axis Disassembly, re-grinding of the tables, replacement of worn and defective parts, overhaul of the hydraulic piston, new paint. Electrical cabinet Complete check, replacement of various relays. Paint Colors: White RAL 9003 and gray RAL 7011 Geometry according to manufacturer's protocol. Inspection and cleaning of various accessories.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, Voumard internal cylindrical grinding machine Center height: 180 mm (optionally more) Grinding depth: 200 mm Workpiece weight: 170 kg Additional options available - Completely new control cabinet with PLC Basic and panel - Conversion to ball screw drive including PLC Pro (cycle-controlled) - "Workpiece memory" PLC Pro for 10/15/30/50 workpieces Fpedpfx Ajhpn Sxohpei - Mini handheld control unit for PLC Pro - Rotary encoder in the swivel axis - Glass scale in the Z-axis - Frequency inverter for the internal grinding spindle - Conversion of the slide to pneumatic lifting - Center height increase - CE marking in conjunction with a partially or fully enclosed splash guard - Remote maintenance - Matching coolant / extraction system - and more We can also overhaul your existing grinding machine! Schaudt / Studer / Kellenberger / Bahmüller / Voumard / Overbeck / Fortuna / Tacchella and others.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, Schaudt PF43 1000/1750 Grinding length: 1,000 / 1,750 mm Center height: 150 mm Workpiece weight: 200 kg (optionally more) Additional options available for selection: - Completely new control cabinet with Siemens Sinumerik One or Fanuc 0iTF-Plus control - Fast setup via GSN operator interface - Diatronic measuring system - B-axis with free positioning - Second external grinding wheel - Internal grinding unit - Center height adjustment - Dressing spindle for diamond form wheel - Balancing and finishing sensors - Hydraulic clamping/releasing of the tailstock - Automatic Siemens door drive - 19" / 22" screen - Remote maintenance - Conversion to needle nozzles - Matching coolant/extraction system - Automation preparation - and more Fedpfxsfg Ta Uj Ahpjpi We can also overhaul your existing grinding machine! Schaudt / Studer / Kellenberger / Bahmüller / Voumard / Overbeck / Fortuna / Tacchella and more.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE Studer S20-2 – Mechanically Reconditioned Grinding length: 400 mm Center height: 100 mm Fpjdpofg Tbrsfx Ahpji Table swivel: 30° Bore diameter: 127 mm Grinding wheel dimensions: 350 x 32 mm Tool holder taper WSS: MK4 (stationary and rotating center) Tool holder taper RST: MK2 Tailstock quill travel: 20 mm Workpiece weight: 20 kg Tailstock with manual runout compensation Further optional features: - Glass scale in X and Z axes - Internal grinding device - Grinding wheel flange - LED spotlight with flexible arm - Coolant system - Safety device

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, Schaudt PF61 1000 - 4000 Grinding length: 1,000 / 2,000 / 3,000 / 4,000 mm Center height: 260 mm Additional options available for selection: - Completely new control cabinet with Siemens Sinumerik One or Fanuc 0iTF-Plus control - Quick setup via GSN operator interface - Diatronic measuring system - B-axis freely positionable - Second external grinding wheel - Internal grinding unit - Center height adjustment - Dressing spindle for diamond form roller - Balancing and truing sensor - Hydraulic clamping/releasing of the tailstock - Automatic Siemens door drive - 19" / 22" screen - Remote maintenance Fpedsiqxt Hspfx Ahpji - Conversion to needle nozzles - Matching coolant/extraction system - Automation preparation - and much more We can also overhaul your existing grinding machine! Schaudt / Studer / Kellenberger / Bahmüller / Voumard / Overbeck / Fortuna / Tacchella and more.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, Studer S40 1000/1600 Grinding length: 1,000/1,600 mm Center height: 175 mm (optionally more) Workpiece weight: 120 kg Additional freely selectable options: - Completely new control cabinet with Siemens Sinumerik One or Fanuc 0iTF-Plus control - Quick setup via GSN user interface - B-axis freely positionable - Second external grinding wheel - Internal grinding unit - Center height adjustment - Dressing spindle for diamond dressing roll - Balancing and finishing sensor - Hydraulic clamping/releasing of the tailstock - Automatic Siemens door drive Fsdpfx Ahofg S Uaepepi - 19" / 22" screen - Remote maintenance - Conversion to needle nozzles - Matching coolant/extraction system - Automation preparation - and much more We would also be happy to overhaul your existing machine! Schaudt / Studer / Kellenberger / Bahmüller / Voumard / Overbeck / Fortuna / Tacchella and others.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, Schaudt PF5 UB 1000-2500 mm Grinding length: 1,000 / 1,500 / 2,000 / 2,500 mm Center height: 180 / 225 mm (more possible as an option) Workpiece weight: 350 / 500 / 800 kg (more possible as an option) Further options that can be freely selected: - Completely new control cabinet with Siemens Sinumerik One or Fanuc 0iTF-Plus control - Quick setup via GSN operator interface - Diatronic measuring system - B-axis freely positionable - Second external grinding wheel - Internal grinding unit - Center height adjustment Fodpofg Tazjfx Ahpopi - Dressing spindle for diamond form roller - Balancing and finish grinding sensor - Hydraulic clamping/releasing of the tailstock - Automatic Siemens door drive - 19" / 22" screen - Remote maintenance - Conversion to needle nozzles - Suitable coolant/extraction system - Automation preparation - and much more We would also be happy to overhaul your existing grinding machine! Schaudt / Studer / Kellenberger / Bahmüller / Voumard / Overbeck / Fortuna / Tacchella and others.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, Schaudt A500 500-2500 Grinding length: 500 / 750 / 1,000 / 1,500 / 2,000 / 2,500 mm Center height: 150 mm / 180 mm / 225 mm Workpiece weight: 300 kg / 500 kg Additional optional features: - Completely new control cabinet with basic PLC and panel - Conversion to ball screw drive including DUO control (cycle-controlled) - "Workpiece storage" for 10/15/30/50 workpieces - Mini handheld control unit for Duo control - Glass scale in X and Z axes - In-process gauging - Frequency converter for external grinding spindle - Swiveling internal grinding unit - Frequency converter for internal grinding spindle - CE marking in conjunction with partial or fully encapsulated splash guard - Remote maintenance - Matching coolant / extraction system - Grinding wheel flange / changing arm - and much more Fpodpod Hfd Nefx Ahpoi We can also overhaul your existing grinding machine! Schaudt / Studer / Kellenberger / Bahmüller / Voumard / Overbeck / Fortuna / Tacchella and more.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2025, Schaudt ZX11 Grinding length: 600 mm Center height: 180 (Optionally more possible) Workpiece weight: 80 kg Further optional features: - Completely new control cabinet with Siemens Sinumerik One or Fanuc 0iTF-Plus control system - Quick setup via GSN operator interface - Dressing spindle for diamond form rollers - Balancing and finishing sensor - Hydraulic clamping/releasing of the tailstock - Automatic Siemens door drive - 19" / 22" screen - Remote maintenance - Conversion to needle nozzles - Matching coolant/extraction system - Automation preparation - and much more Fpjdpfod Hfqrox Ahpsi We would also be happy to overhaul your existing grinding machine! Schaudt / Studer / Kellenberger / Bahmüller / Voumard / Overbeck / Fortuna / Tacchella and others

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1988, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1, center height: 150 mm, center width: 480 mm, grinding diameter: 299 mm, New arrival 1 Hydraulic Universal External and Internal Cylindrical Grinding Machine TSCHUDIN HTG 410 U – Year 1988, partial overhaul in 2026 – 150 mm center height x 480 mm center distance – workpiece spindle head MK 5 with stepless speed adjustment. Grinding wheel left and right – swiveling internal grinding attachment with 18,000 RPM Machine equipped with four-axis digital readout – X-axis – Y-axis and rotary encoder with one-micron resolution when swiveling the universal grinding spindle head and workpiece spindle head! Pneumatic air cushion lifting for effortless swiveling of workpiece spindle head and grinding spindle head. Machine includes four-jaw chuck, halogen lamp, paper band filter, folding dresser, and balancing arbor. Guideways in X-axis newly scraped – machine thoroughly inspected by specialist. Automatic cycle with "rapid traverse to automatic infeed – dwell time – retraction – infeed dimension remains set". Very little used machine from prototype manufacturing! Price on request (Domestic sales plus 19% VAT.) Fpedpfx Ahovdumbspoi Technical data not binding – subject to prior sale and errors. Best regards, INDUBA GmbH Mathias Becker D-78628 Rottweil

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1973, Additional flanges and a spindle for internal grinding are included with the machine. The Jones was completely disassembled and inspected; it works flawlessly. The price is for one machine. Fpedpfx Asw Dvwaehpei

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, KELLENBERGER PRECISION UNIVERSAL CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE MODEL: 1000 U YEAR OF MANUFACTURE: 2000 PARTIAL OVERHAUL: 2026 Centre height: 175 mm Grinding length: 1000 mm Equipment: - Standard accessories - Standard workpiece headstock MK5 with adapter flange DIN 55027, size 5 - Splash guard hood for the above - Tailstock with fine adjustment, MK4 - Internal grinding attachment with protective cover for grinding spindle D:80 mm for belt-driven spindles - FISCHER internal grinding spindle type HJN 842, incl. grinding mandrels (4 pieces, choice) - HJNZ 42 collet chuck - Oil mist lubricator for HJN spindles - STREULI magnetic paper band filter system, type: SPB 2 - Coolant supply through the workpiece spindle - HEIDENHAIN digital length measuring system on X and Z axes - Sine bar on the workpiece headstock incl. alignment arbor MK5 - Permanent magnetic chuck, D:200 mm Fpsdpsyf E Sujfx Ahpsi - Three-jaw chuck, D:160 mm - Four-jaw chuck, D:160 mm - Collet attachment for Schaublin collets B32 - Set of B32 collets, D: 1.0–30.0 mm, increment 0.5 mm (59 pieces) - Dial indicator stop for table swivel with indicator 0.01 mm - Table fixed stop - Dressing stop for internal grinding - LED machine lamp - Various grinding wheel flanges, left (2 pieces) - Pneumatic table load relief - Swiveling dressing device for external, face, or internal grinding operations - Set of vibration damping pads - New three-color paint finish (light grey RAL 7035 / blue RAL 5012 / dark grey RAL 7016) - New acceptance protocol according to KELLENBERGER standard - Documentation - CE conformity The machine is currently being overhauled, sample photos shown!

Condition: used, CNC universal tool grinding machine SCHÜTTE, type BU 400 CNC 4 Machine – Defective – without control system Machine not operational – electrically non-functional – without CNC control Manufacturer’s No.: Year of manufacture 1990 4 axes (X, Y, Z, and R) Table clamping surface 1300 x 250 mm Distance between centers 700 mm Distance between centers (height) 155 mm Grinding length (X-axis) max. 400 mm Grinding width (Y-axis) max. 260 mm Grinding spindle speed max. 6000 rpm Grinding spindle drive 3 kW Fedpfx Aod Rmcmohpopi Mains connection 380 volts, 50 Hz, 25 amps - CNC control system removed Space requirement L x W x H 3800 x 2400 x 2300 mm Weight 3000 kg Machine not functional, CNC control system missing. Mechanically in good condition, ideal for retrofitting with a new control system Suitable as a source of spare parts or for rebuilding with a new control system

Condition: used, Technical details: grinding diameter: 250 mm grinding length: 1000 mm max. workpiece weight: 300 kg grinding wheel width: 150 mm Grinding wheel/diameter x bore x width: 600 x 305 x 80 mm folded disc width: 200 mm spindle taper: MK 5 tailstock taper MT: 5 sanding headstock rotation: 45° speeds:: 1050/1240 U/min longitudinal feed of the table: mind. 1 mm Fpsdpoyzptiofx Ahpsi table speeds: 0,05-5 m/min traverse movement of the grinding headstock : 415 mm traverse movement of the grinding headstock with aut. infeed: 2 mm For grinding : 0,15 mm aut. infeed at table dead center: 0,005-0,05 mm for grinding : 0,0005-0,01 Self-infeed at grooving : 0,01-5 mm/min Quick adjustment of the grinding headstock : 60 mm grinding wheel motor: 19 kW total power requirement: 22 kW weight of the machine ca.: 5 t