Used Manzini Filling Technology for sale (25,950)

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, total length: 690 mm, total width: 1,380 mm, total height: 1,620 mm, overall weight: 540 kg, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 400 V, power: 1 kW (1.36 HP), funnel diameter: 380 mm, DGUV certified until: 05/2027, ambient temperature (max.): 40 °C, Rheon Model KN100 Cornucopia Encruster Maximum output approx. 60 pieces per minute, depending on product. Weight range from 10 to 90 grams. Large stainless steel feed hoppers Each equipped with (2) feed screws Lhjdsrhvu Aopfx Adtsf Wide discharge conveyor Digital touch control. Compact forming, filling, and portioning machine Machine is mobile Connection: 400V, 16A-CEE plug Used machine Delivery service More bakery machines in stock!

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, total length: 400 mm, total width: 430 mm, total height: 380 mm, overall weight: 49 kg, type of input current: AC, input voltage: 230 V, year of last overhaul: 2024, product length (max.): 75 mm, power: 3 kW (4.08 HP), product length (min.): 75 mm, working width: 400 mm, DGUV certified until: 05/2027, ambient temperature (min.): 20 °C, ambient temperature (max.): 40 °C, TOP Varioback unit for 13 tartlets. Stainless steel countertop appliance. Temperature adjustable up to 300°C. +++ Robust technology +++. Connection: 230V. Dimensions: 430 x 400 x 380 mm (W x D x H). Used device. More bakery machines in stock! Lodpeuat Abefx Adtohf

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1991, A vertical bag packaging machine Aquarius is available. Bag width range: 80mm-250mm, max. bag length: 450mm, packaging capacity: approx. 140bags/min, bag material: film, packaging product: bulk goods/piece goods. An on-site inspection is possible. Lhsdpfx Asy Equgsdtsf

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, total length: 1,950 mm, lifting height: 4,360 mm, fork length: 1,150 mm, load capacity: 1,400 kg, · Bedienung: Gehgerät · Lastschwerpunktabstand 600 mm · Initialhub 165mm · Achslast mit Last antriebsseitig/lastseitig kg 813/1629 · Achslast ohne Last antriebsseitig/lastseitig kg 736/307 · Reifengröße antriebsseitig mm ⌀ 230 x 75 · Stützrollengröße mm ⌀ 140 x 54 · Spurweite antriebsseitig/lastseitig mm 518/380 · Arbeitsgangbreite bei Palette 800 x 1200 längs mm 2397/2389 Ledpfx Adjy Azm Retshf · Wenderadius mm 1573/1565 · Fahrgeschwindigkeit mit/ohne Last km/h 6/6 · Fahrgeschwindigkeit rückwärts mit/ohne Last km/h 6/6 · Hubgeschwindigkeit mit/ohne Last m/s 0,14/0,25 · Senkgeschwindigkeit mit/ohne Last m/s 0,34/0,26 · Max. Steigfähigkeit kB 5 mit/ohne Last % 5/10 · Beschleunigungszeit auf 10 m mit/ohne Last m/s 8,0/7,0 · Betriebsbremse Elektromagnetisch · Fahrmotor, Leistung kW 1,2 · Hubmotor, Leistung bei S3 = 15 % 3,2/10 % · Energieverbrauch nach VDI-Zyklus 1,14 · Art der Fahrsteuerung AC Steuerung · Schalldruckpegel (Fahrerohr) 67 dB(A)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, The Romaco Unipac U2080 is a versatile, high-performance tube filling and sealing machine designed for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical products. Operating at a mechanical speed of 80 tubes per minute, it features 9 stations and handles tube diameters from 10–50 mm and lengths from 60–220 mm, offering flexible, precise filling. Key Features and Technical Specifications: Machine Type: Automatic tube filling and sealing machine. Ledpfsyvuhnex Adtshf Capacity: Up to 80 tubes per minute (mechanical speed). Working Stations: 9. Tube Dimensions: Diameter: 10 – 50 mm. Length: 60 – 220 mm. Application: Suitable for liquids, creams, and gels for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, say Makinate and MLTC-Europe.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Automatical capsule filling machines SPT-Series (S. Korea) are design for fully automatic filling of hard gelantine capsules size #00 - #4, (optional # 000, 5) with powder, granulate or pellets for pharmaceutical and food supplements production. The equipment is distinguished by its high quality, simple operation. The disc method of filling provides high dosing accuracy. The machines are equiped with sets of tools for 1 capsule size from #00 to #000,5. The machines are conform to GMP standards and CE certificat; SPT-Series guarantee the highest quality of production! The capsule filling machine SPT-FS 50 for general scale production; According to GMP regulations; HMI system; Touch screen, PLC control system; 2 years warranty; Installation and service from Germany Number of capsule holder per segment - 6; Lsdpfx Adef Hp U Uetehf Max.production quantityof capsules - 50000 psc/h; Capsule size #00,1,2,3,4 (optional #000,5) Weight of machine - 1470 kg; Space consumption - 1.200 x 1.470 x 1.850 mm

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Automatical capsule filling machines SPT-Series ( S. Korea) are design for fully automatic filling of hard gelantine capsules size #00 - #4, (optional # 000, 5) with powder, granulate or pellets for pharmaceutical and food supplements production. The equipment is distinguished by its high quality, simple operation. The disc method of filling provides high dosing accuracy. The machines are equiped with sets of tools for 1 capsule size from #00 to 5 (optional #000,5). The machines are conform to GMP standards and CE certificat; SPT-Series guarantee the highest quality of production! Lhjdpfody Dynjx Adtjf The capsule filling machine SPT-FS80 for general scale production; According to GMP regulations; HMI system; Touch screen, PLC control system; 2 years warranty; Installation and service from Germany Number of capsule holder per segment - 10 psc/h; Max.production quantity of capsules - 80 000 psc/h; Weight of machine - 2 500 kg; Space consumption - 1320 x 1050 x 1970 mm

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Automatical capsule filling machines SPT-Series (S. Korea) are design for fully automatic filling of hard gelantine capsules size #00 - #4, (optional # 000, 5) with powder, granulate or pellets for pharmaceutical and food supplements production. The equipment is distinguished by its high quality, simple operation. The disc method of filling provides high dosing accuracy. Lhedpfxsdy Dyws Adtef The machines are equiped with sets of tools for 1 capsule size from #00 to #000,5. The machines are conform to GMP standards and CE certificat; SPT-Series guarantee the highest quality of production! The capsule filling machine SPT-FH100 for general scale production; According to GMP regulations; HMI system; Touch screen, PLC control system; 2 years warranty; Installation and service from Germany Number of capsule holder per segment - 14 psc/h; Max.production quantityof capsules - 110 000 psc/h; Weight of machine - 2 500 kg; Space consumption - 1650 x 1650 x 2030 mm

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Automatical capsule filling machines SPT-FL25 Series (S. Korea) are design for fully automatic filling of hard gelantine capsules size #00 - #4, (optional # 000, 5) with powder, granulate or pellets for pharmaceutical and food supplements production. The equipment is distinguished by its high quality, simple operation. The disc method of filling provides high dosing accuracy. The machines are equiped with sets of tools for 1 capsule size from #00 to 5 (optional #000,5). The machines are conform to GMP standards and CE certificat; SPT-Series guarantee the highest quality of production! The small capsule filling machine SPT-FL25 for R&D and small general scale production; According to GMP regulations; HMI system; Touch screen, PLC control system; 2 years warranty; Installation and service from Germany Number of capsule holder per segment - 3 psc/h; Max.production quantity of capsules - 25 000 psc/h (by 1 segment hole); 17 000 psc/h (by 2 segments hole), 8 500 psc/h (by 1 segment hole). Weight of machine -700 kg; Space consumption - 900 x 1100 x 1700 mm Lhodpedy Dyfefx Adtsf

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Automatical capsule filling machines SPT-Series (S. Korea) are design for fully automatic filling of hard gelantine capsules size #00 - #4, (optional # 000, 5) with powder, granulate or pellets for pharmaceutical and food supplements production. Ledpfx Adedy Dyzotshf The equipment is distinguished by its high quality, simple operation. The disc method of filling provides high dosing accuracy. The machines are equiped with sets of tools for 1 capsule size from #00 to #5. The machines are conform to GMP standards and CE certificat; SPT-Series guarantee the highest quality of production! The capsule filling machine SPT-FH150 for general scale production; According to GMP regulations; HMI system; Touch screen, PLC control system; 2 years warranty; Installation and service from Germany Number of capsule holder per segment - 20 psc/h; Max.production quantityof capsules - 150 000 psc/h; Weight of machine - 2 500 kg; Space consumption - 1750 x 1750 x 2100 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2024, Manufacturer : Transvis Model : TR7 Year : 2024 Type: All-in-one unit: dosing, filling and capping machine rotary table with indexing mechanism Lhodpfxeyxr Uws Adtef Hopper / Feed tank Automated dosing system Blow/suction station Filling station Screwdriving station Capping station Ejection station Outfeed conveyor Three operator stations for manual loading / feeding of the machine. HMI with Omron PLC Dimensions maximales du produit pouvant être utilisé: Ø 50 mm x hauteur 160 mm Volume mini / maxi pouvant être dosé : 1 mL/ 500 mL (selon pistons) Cadence maximale: 30 coups /mn. Technical documentation available.

Condition: excellent (used), 4 Bag fillers for sale all working call or email for inquiries Lodpfx Ajyryqxsdtshf

Condition: ready for operation (used), Suitable for: - Food: fluid and viscous products such as sauces, tomato sauces, pâtés, mayonnaise, ketchup, dressing - Chemicals: pesticides, detergents, fertilizers, herbicides, paints, varnishes - Cosmetics: shampoos, creams, shower gels, oils, lotions Piston filler with 4 volumetric filling heads, with upward dispensing Manual cap placement by operator Automatic capping unit Incl. 80-liter heated tank with mixer Lhodpeyxpqcefx Adtsf Up to 2,000 bottles per hour

Year of construction: 2013, condition: ready for operation (used), A complete Groninger bottle filling line is available. 1) Bottle unscrambler Groninger ZSB 2000, year of manufacture: 1995. 2) Filling machine Groninger DFV 1000Q, year of manufacture: 2013, filling stations: 10, additional function: transverse transfer system, output: approx. 9000/h, dosing range: 5ml-1000ml, container height range: 30mm-250mm, transport cup dimensions X/Y: 108mm/80mm, operating hours: approx. 24100h. 3) Cap sorter Groninger ZSK 1500, year of manufacture: 1995, sorting disc speed: 25rpm. 4) Capping machine Groninger KVK 106, year of manufacture: 1995, max. capping output: 9000/min, max. container diameter: 100mm, max. container height: 200mm, machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 3400mm/1450mm/2550mm, weight: approx. 1500kg. 5) Discharge conveyor Groninger, year of manufacture: 1995. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Lsdpfey Dupzex Adtehf

Condition: ready for operation (used), A fully automatic explosion-protected bottle filling system is offered. Filling station Mewes: 4 nozzles, suitable for alkaline and slightly volatile products, capper, labeling station Pago. Capacity max.: 1000 units per hour, container sizes: 150ml-1000ml, pneumatic drives. Accessories: working platform for container product feeding. Inspection by appointment possible. Lsdpfxoy A Slqj Adtohf

Year of construction: 2022, condition: ready for operation (used), A complete filling line with a 12-position gravity and vacuum filler with integrated twist-off capper for the food industry is available. Filling stations: 12, design: rotary machine, liquid viscosity: thin-medium, filling capacity: approx. 2000bottles/h, capping capacity: approx. 1000-1200/h, containers: heat-insulated, container volume: 35l/50l. This is a complete filling line including conveyor belts, accumulation table, sensors, rotary tables, pumps and format parts. The system was taken out of operation in 2024. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Lhjdpfjy Ax Ufsx Adtsf

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, operating hours: 3,862 h, machine/vehicle number: LC619, Used Tetra Pak TBA-8 SQ 1000 ml filling machineTechnical Specifications & Performance DataThis complete aseptic carton packaging line centers on a Tetra Pak TBA/8-1000 SQ, delivering reliable performance for high-quality beverage production and industrial packaging applications. Engineered for 1.0L carton formats, the line integrates filling, capping, conveying, case packing, and shrink-wrapping functions to provide a cohesive used bottling line solution for second hand operations seeking dependable uptime and consistent output.Primary filler: Tetra Pak TBA/8-1000 SQ (aseptic) (3.862 working hours). Production speed: up to 5,000 packages per hourContainer type: Carton (Tetra Pak style)Format compatibility: 1.0L cartonsCapping unit: Tetra Cap Applicator 88 Lid (for Stream Cap closures) ( 7.709 working hours).Secondary packaging: Tetra Cardboard Packer TCBP-70Shrink tunnel: Tetra Thermo Shrink Tunnel TTST-51Conveying: Accumulation conveyor system with Dicolube TP lubricationManufactured by: Tetra Pak engineeringLine application: Beverage production and industrial packagingAdvanced Automation & Control SystemsThe line integrates Tetra Pak automation across its modules for coordinated operation and optimized throughput. The TBA/8-1000 SQ aseptic unit ensures controlled filling conditions, while the cap applicator, conveyors, and end-of-line equipment synchronize for smooth handling and minimal bottlenecks. Safety interlocks and CE-marked protections support secure operation. Quick adjustments on the capper and packer facilitate efficient format handling within the 1.0L range.Centralized module controls for synchronized line operationAutomated cap application for Stream Cap closuresCE-compliant safety architecture across major modulesLubrication-assisted conveyor operation with Dicolube TPProduction Line Integration CapabilitiesDesigned as a cohesive packaging machinery set, this second hand line offers plug-and-produce integration across filling, capping, conveying, packing, and shrink-wrapping. The accumulation conveyor system stabilizes product flow between units, protecting upstream aseptic operations and downstream secondary packaging. The configuration is ideal for producers standardizing on 1.0L cartons.Inline configuration from aseptic filling to end-of-line wrappingConveyor accumulation for balanced flow and reduced stoppagesSuitable for beverage production requiring aseptic carton packagingOptimized for 1.0L cartons; straightforward adjustments within this formatMachine Condition & Maintenance HistoryThe equipment is presented in excellent working order and ready for immediate use, representing a dependable used bottling line for rapid deployment. Component-level details include:TBA/8-1000 SQ: 3,862 operating hours; excellent, ready for immediate useTetra Cap Applicator 88: 7,709 operating hours; working condition for Stream ... Lsdpfxoy Ef Sco Adtshf

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2001, Offered is a valve bag filling system (50kg) with connected palletizer. Bag type: valve bags (paper, PE or PP), filling weight: adjustable up to max. 50kg, piping system with integrated conveying screw / dosing screw, pneumatic bag clamping, weighing unit, discharge conveyor belt. Automatic layer palletizer - Ehcolo PM 400. Year of manufacture: 2001, capacity: up to approx. 400 bags per hour, incline conveyor / bag flattener, empty pallet magazine, complete machine enclosure. Inspection possible by arrangement. Lhjdjylzg Uepfx Adtsf

Condition: used, incl. cyclone, frame, blower (Image 1 without Heger dust collection silo) 1/7 Frame 1,520 x 1,470 x 2,450 mm 2/7 Pipe package 3/7 Frame 1,500 x 1,500 x 2,800 mm 4/7 Frame 2,600 x 1,520 x 2,400 mm 5/7 Cyclone 6/7 Pipe package 7/7 Blower Lhsdsy Atr Eopfx Adtef Additional images available

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, warranty duration: 12 months, Linear Weigher: Gentle and Precise Filling Technology Our linear weigher is the ideal solution for simple and accurate dosing and filling of products. It seamlessly combines precision with gentle handling. Thanks to the minimal drop height, product damage is effectively avoided, ensuring the quality of your goods, even with sensitive items. Flexible and Efficient Operating Principle The core of our technology is a simple yet highly effective operating principle: Products are conveyed via linear belts or vibratory feeders and precisely dosed into the weighing bins. Features: - Easy operation and cleaning - Convenient control via color touch screen - Memory for different weighing recipes - Precise weighing results through three-stage weighing (coarse / medium / fine), each stage individually programmable Lsdpfeyazywex Adtshf - Tool-free format change - Intuitive design enables quick changeover and easy cleaning - Gentle handling: minimal drop height protects delicate and fragile products - Versatile: flexible use in both food and non-food sectors - Accurate dosing ensures consistent product quality - Robust and hygienic: parts made from 304 stainless steel, easy to clean - Compact design and durable construction save space and reduce maintenance effort With our linear weigher, you receive a reliable, precise, and hygienic solution that enhances the efficiency of your production processes. Technical data - Weighing range: 20g to 2,000g - Accuracy: up to 1g, depending on product - 4.5-liter weighing bin - Max. speed: 30 weighings/minute (double-head weigher) - Material: stainless steel 304 (V4A / 316 on request) - Connection: 220V / 50Hz / 6A

Condition: used, Consisting of: “Ishida” Multihead weigher Type CCW-M-214W-S/50-SS Heads: 14 pieces Performance: up to 2 x 30 weighing’s/min Filling weight (max. weight): 10.000 g Accuracy: Average value 0 to +3.0 g Weighing range: 5 - 10.000 g Max. volume: 12.500 cc (per individual weighing) Minimum division: 1g Display: Touch-screen display Power: 230V, 50Hz Connected load: 1,6 kW In good condition + Vertical flowpackaging line “Rovema” Type VPK360 - 14115 yoc 2001 Performance (mechanical) cycles/min: 120 roll width / diameter (max.) (mm): 770/450 (770 / 600 with front rollers) bag width (min. – max.) (mm): 80-360 Bag length (min . – max.) (mm): 200-600 Filling volume (max.) (cm³): 12000 Seal pressure (max.) (N ): 6000 (optional: 8000) Program memory: Standard: 100 (optional: 1000) Dimensions: ( L x W x H) (mm): 2,435 x 1,680 x 2,015 mm Weight: 1,500 kg Mains connection (Volt): 230 / 400 Energy requirement (kVA): 8 Protection class: IP54 Compressed air connection: 6 bar Air consumption 6 bar (NI/cycle): 0.25 Machine color: Ral 9007L / gray aluminum Operating temperature (min. – max.) (°C) : +5 … + 45 Storage temperature (min. – max.) (°C): -30 … +60 Humidity (max. ) (%): 15…95; no condensation in good condition + Vertical flowpackaging line “Rovema” Type VPK360 - 14116 yoc 2001 Performance (mechanical) cycles/min: 120 roll width / diameter (max.) (mm): 770/450 (770 / 600 with front rollers) bag width (min. – max.) (mm): 80-360 Bag length (min . – max.) (mm): 200-600 Filling volume (max.) (cm³): 12000 Seal pressure (max.) (N ): 6000 (optional: 8000) Program memory: Standard: 100 (optional: 1000) Dimensions: ( L x W x H) (mm): 2,435 x 1,680 x 2,015 mm Weight: 1,500 kg Mains connection (Volt): 230 / 400 Energy requirement (kVA): 8 Protection class: IP54 Compressed air connection: 6 bar Air consumption 6 bar (NI/cycle): 0.25 Machine color: Ral 9007L / gray aluminum Operating temperature (min. – max.) (°C) : +5 … + 45 Storage temperature (min. – max.) (°C): -30 … +60 Humidity (max. ) (%): 15…95; no condensation in good condition + Lhedpfx Adoyqxxxstsf carton box former – Packaging machine “Paal” Type ELLE 3000 S Working capacity: Max. 14 cycles / minute Infeed capacity: Max. 34 bags / minute Format1 : Tray with sleeve Filling material designation: Stand-up pouch 4.0 kg Filling material dimensions: Approx. 240 x 105 x 370 mm Filling weight: 4.0 kg Grouping scheme: 1 x 3 standing Packaging type: Tray with internal, glued-in cover and cover protection Dimensions: Inlet height of filling material: 650 mm Outlet height of package: 500 mm Installation area: approx. 8000 x 6500 mm Please refer to the installation plan for the main dimensions (photo attached) 3 x 400V, 50Hz, 5kW Packaging machine: Type: Elematic 3000 LS/335 in good condition

Condition: good (used), Consisting of: “Ishida” Multihead weigher Type CCW-M-216W-D/30-SS Heads: 16 pieces Performance: up to 2 x 40 weighing’s/min Filling weight (max. weight): 1.500 g Accuracy: Average value 0 to + 1.0 g Weighing range: 14-1000 g Max. volume: 4,500 cc (per individual weighing) Minimum division: 0.2 g Display: Touch-screen display Power: 230V, 50Hz Connected load: 1.7 kVA + Vertical flowpackaging line “Rovema” Type VPK260 - 14110 Lsdpfeyqxwzex Adtohf yoc 2001 Performance (mech.) cycles/min: 180 Roll width / diameter (max.) (mm): 450/ 550 (600 / 550 with pre-unrolling) Bag width (min. - max.) (mm): 60-260 Bag length (min. - max.) (mm): 120-600 Fill volume (max.) (cm³): 6000 Sealing pressure (max.) (N): 5000 (optional: 8000) Program memory: Standard: 100 (optional: 1000) Dimensions: (L x W x H) (mm): 2.200 x 1.430 x 1.620 mm Weight: 920 kg Power supply (volts): 230 / 400 Energy requirement (kVA): 8 Protection class: IP54 Compressed air connection: 6 bar Air consumption 6 bar (NI/cycle): 0.25 Machine color: Ral 9007L / gray aluminum Operating temperature (min. – max.) (°C): +5 … + 45 Storage temperature (min. – max.) (°C): -30 … +60 Air humidity (max.) (%): 15…95; no condensation + Vertical flowpackaging line “Rovema” Type VPK260 - 14111 yoc 2001 Performance (mech.) cycles/min: 180 Roll width / diameter (max.) (mm): 450/ 550 (600 / 550 with pre-unrolling) Bag width (min. - max.) (mm): 60-260 Bag length (min. - max.) (mm): 120-600 Fill volume (max.) (cm³): 6000 Sealing pressure (max.) (N): 5000 (optional: 8000) Program memory: Standard: 100 (optional: 1000) Dimensions: (L x W x H) (mm): 2.200 x 1.430 x 1.620 mm Weight: 920 kg Power supply (volts): 230 / 400 Energy requirement (kVA): 8 Protection class: IP54 Compressed air connection: 6 bar Air consumption 6 bar (NI/cycle): 0.25 Machine color: Ral 9007L / gray aluminum Operating temperature (min. – max.) (°C): +5 … + 45 Storage temperature (min. – max.) (°C): -30 … +60 Air humidity (max.) (%): 15…95; no condensation + carton box former – Packaging machine “Paal” Type ELLE 3000 S Working capacity: Max. 14 cycles / minute Infeed capacity: Max. 70 bags / minute Format1 : Tray with sleeve Filling material designation: Stand-up pouch 1,5 kg Filling material dimensions: Approx. 180 x 70 x 300 mm Filling weight: 1,5 kg Grouping scheme: 1 x 5 standing Packaging type: Tray with internal, glued-in cover and cover protection Dimensions: Inlet height of filling material: 650 mm Outlet height of package: 500 mm Installation area: approx. 8000 x 6500 mm Please refer to the installation plan for the main dimensions (photo attached) 3 x 400V, 50Hz, 6kW Packaging machine: Type: Elematic 3000 LS/335

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2011, Turbo Rotary Rotary filling line Serial: R0061192 Lhjdpfsr Uftrjx Adtjf 2011, Stainless, rotary filling line, consists of Turbo D253P depositor, denester, lid applicator and lid sealer and outfeed conveyor, previously used for filling four pots of sauce in a multipack, tooling dimensions 100mm x 100mm, touch screen controls, 3Ph

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, Food Machinery Co E4230 VFFS bagger Lodowtqrwopfx Adtjhf 2014, Stainless VFFS, jaw width 250mm, adjustable seal temperatures and variable cool time, currently set with 95mm diameter forming set, with Eidos Swing thermal printer, 1Ph

Year of construction: 2002, condition: used, Campagnolo Packaging Systems Vertical form and seal machine Model: C25 Lhjdsb Uahzjpfx Adtef Serial:A02-02 420mm vertical seal x 260mm Jaws, print registration and Preston coder