Used Thielicke Bench Drilling Machine for sale (67,593)

Condition: good (used), Type: SSB 3 A Machine No.: 5607 Year of manufacture: 1973 Equipment: - MK3 quill Hsdpfx Acexlqxfj Isnt - Machine lamp - Quick-action drill chuck incl. morse taper arbor, clamping range 3-16 mm - Infinitely variable speeds Range 1: 0-900 rpm Range 2: 0-1700 rpm - Thread cutting device Condition: good, workshop-tested, speed variator with new bearings

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1988, taper MK 1 weight of the machine ca. 140 KG Hjdpfx Aceztfwfo Ijnt

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, functionality: fully functional, Alzmetall AX3 SV Pillar Drill Manufacturer: Alzmetall Type: AX3SV Year of manufacture: 1996 Condition: good, used Speed range: 160 – 2250 rpm Hedpjzy N Egsfx Ac Ient Drilling capacity (St60) 40 mm Chuck/tool holder MK 3 Spindle stroke 120 mm Overhang 293 mm Column diameter 115 mm Distance spindle-table min./max. 117 / 701 mm Feed rate 0.1 + 0.2 mm/rev Net weight approx. 270 kg Special equipment: - Automatic feed - Spindle guard

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1993, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 40 / 23 mm throat 320 mm Hedpfeyfwzuox Ac Isnt bore stroke 180 mm 4 speeds 30 - 765 U/min table-size 720 x 550 mm weight 480 kg dimensions 750 x 900 x 1900 mm Equipment: - Multi-spindle head, drill Ø 23 mm - automatic feed - coolant device - infinitely variable speed - adjustable drilling depth stop

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1999, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 36.0 mm bore capacity in cast iron 45.0 mm throat 300 mm bore stroke 160 mm 4 speeds 120-900 / 240 - 1780 U/min column diameter 145 mm table-size 615 x 460 mm feed 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.4 mm/U total power requirement 1.75 / 2.5 kW weight 440 kg dimensions 1200 x 800 x 2300 mm Hnsdpfxjy Agpqj Ac Iot well-maintained condition (!!) current new price approx. 18.000 Euro special price on request Equipment: - robust pillar drill (V-belt) - electromagnetic feed clutch = spindle feed * with overload protection and electrical handle cross circuit - mushroom pushbutton (latching) for EMERGENCY STOP, in the front panel - electric stepless speed adjustment - Digital speed display - clockwise rotation of the drill spindle - pole-changing drive motor - Infinitely adjustable drilling depth stop - Work table with 2x T-slots - height-adjustable - Operating instructions in German

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1997, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 40.0 mm throat 293 mm bore stroke 140 mm morse taper 3 MK table: 415 x 350 mm turning speeds 160 - 2.250 U/min column diameter 115 mm total power requirement 1.45 / 1.90 kW weight 285 kg range L-W-H 500 x 800 x 1920 mm Hnedpfx Acozl E T Ro Iot Features: - Heavy-duty column drill press - Continuously variable speed control (V-belt) - Pole-changing motor - Fixed drilling depth stop - Machine table with 2 T-slots * Height-adjustable via hand crank - Mushroom-head pushbutton (latching) for EMERGENCY STOP - Reversing switch for clockwise and counterclockwise rotation - User manual (PDF)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1979, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 35.0 / 40.0 mm throat 300 mm bore stroke 180 mm turning speeds 110 - 1450 U/min Hsdpfxozl E Tke Ac Iont table-size Ø 455 mm column diameter 155 mm feed 0.1 / 0.2 / 0.3 m/min spindle taper MT 4 MK engine output 1.5 kW weight 450 kg range L-W-H 800 x 650 x 1850 mm Features: - Heavy-duty column drill press (V-belt drive) - Automatic spindle feed - Infinitely variable speed control - Fixed depth stop - Round machine table with T-slots * Height-adjustable via hand crank * Rotatable - Emergency stop button on the front - Coolant system with separate reservoir - Operatorâ??s manual

Condition: used, Colour: Green Empty weight: 6.000 kg - Documentation available: No - CE certificate present: No - Drive system: Conventional - Number of axes [pcs.]: 3 - Table length [mm]: 2200 - Table width [mm: 1500 - X-axis travel [mm]: 2500 - Y-axis travel [mm]: 1400 - Z-axis travel [mm]: 1000 - Spindle diameter [mm]: 100 - Options: Digital readout - Transport weight [kg]: 6000kg Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum Hedpswfpbbefx Ac Isnt

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 32 mm arm length ca. 920 mm Hedpfx Acjztf Auo Iont

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1992, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 32 mm throat 320 mm bore stroke 170 mm 4 speeds 60 - 1600 U/min table-size 570 x 480 mm total power requirement 1,6 kW weight 650 kg dimensions 1200 x 800 x 2200 mm Features: - Automatic feed - Coolant device - Infinitely variable speed control - Adjustable fixed depth stop Hnjdpfx Aovuz T Njc Iot - Machine light - Drill chuck

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 40 mm arm length 1050 mm turning speeds 15 - 2800 U/min feed range 0,075 - 0,45 mm/min dimensions 2450 x 1300 x 2300 mm Weight 1500 kg Equipment: Machine in top condition 2026 serviced and repaired by the factory customer service Machine design - Work table 1800 x 600 mm with 4T-slots - Boom travel 1050 mm Hnedsy Nd T Hepfx Ac Ist - SK 40 drilling spindle with tool clamping device - Infinitely variable speed programming - Infinitely variable quill feed via three-phase servo motor - 2 T-slots 18 mm on the machine base at the rear - 2 T-slots 18 mm on the left machine base frame - Thread cutting device - Central lubrication - Coolant device - Machine light - CE marking - Safety device - USB interface Dimensions and travels Tool holder SK 40 Column diameter mm 195 Table dimensions mm 1800 x 600 Number of T-slots 4 Distance between T-slots mm 125 Quill stroke (Z-axis) mm 200 Column stroke (W-axis) mm 410 Distance spindle bottom edge - min mm 70 Table top edge max. mm 680 Distance spindle bottom edge - min mm 970 Floor max. mm 1580 Drilling radius mm 540 - 1590 Worktable height mm 900 Cutting values Drilling capacity into solid St 60 ? 40 GG 22 ? 50 Thread cutting St 60 M 36 GG 22 M 42 Main spindle drive AC motor, frequency-controlled kW 5.5 at 100 % ED. Speed range: min -1 15 - 2800 Torque Nm max. 250 constant from min -1 15 - 2000 Feed drives X-axis - AC - servo motor kW 0.25 Y-axis - AC - servo motor kW 0.25 Z-axis - AC - servo motor kW 4.50 W-axis - AC - servo motor kW 2.50 Rapid traverse speeds (X/Y/Z): m/min. 7,5 / 7,5 / 5 Rapid traverse speeds (W): m/min. 3 Feed rates stepless mm/min 5 - 2000 Accuracy Positioning accuracy X-, Y-axis to 1200 mm mm ± 0.075 Electrical data Operating voltage / frequency V / Hz 400 / 50 Control voltage V 24 Hydraulic unit for clamping kW 0.75 Total connected load kVA 13.0 Weight Danumeric 440 (without packaging) with table 1800 x 600 mm kg 2800 CNC control Axes: 3 (X, Y, Z, ) Processor: 32-bit CPU Screen: TFT flat screen, backlit, easy to read from all sides readable from all sides, 215 x 160 mm Position information: Cartesian or polar, absolute or incremental measurements, Unit of measurement: mm or inch or in degrees Interpolation: 2 axes (X, Y) Technology database: tool management, tool suggestions according to machining type, material-dependent cutting data suggestions Tool management: max. 500 tools Subroutine technology: yes Standard software options: Programming in dialog, 38 zero offsets, rotation and mirroring, teach-in for X,Y,Z, restart in program with selection functions for targeted entry Zero point determination: Cycles for determining zero points by manually probing the workpiece for by manually probing the workpiece for: - any clamped rectangular parts - any clamped round parts - Mediation of cast and flame-cut parts - Angular position detection for round parts by touching reference edges or surfaces Test graphic Graphic display of drilling patterns

Condition: new, Special offer price for in-stock items! Only while supplies last! Price net from warehouse, free loading. The machine does not include a base. The BF3 Deluxe base is available separately under article number 56-1017. Drilling capacity in steel: 32 mm Drilling capacity in cast iron: 40 mm Maximum cutter head milling: 80 mm Overhang: 220 mm Spindle speed: (12) 75 - 3200 rpm Spindle taper: MK 4 Quill stroke: 125 mm Table size: 800 x 240 mm Travel (x / y): 555 / 225 mm Tilting milling head: -90° to +90° Distance spindle / table: 60 - 485 mm Height adjustment milling head: 425 mm T-slot size: 14 mm Motor output S1 100%: 1.1 / 1.5 kW (400 V) Motor input S6 40%: 1.5 / 2.2 kW (400 V) Machine dimensions (W x D x H)*: 1140 x 770 x 1500 mm Weight approx.: 287 kg * without base Features: - Simple and quick speed change via gear selector switch - Versatile applications such as drilling, milling, threading, etc. - High smoothness due to ground gears running in an oil bath - Right and left-hand operation for threading - Quill adjustment via handle, fine adjustment via handwheel - Dovetail guide for x, y and z axes, adjustable via wedge strips Hnedpodh Hbcjfx Ac Ijt - Tilting milling head on both sides for angle drilling, milling chamfers, etc. - Solid, large cross table, precisely surface-treated - Optimal price-performance ratio for the cost-conscious user Scope of delivery: Quick-change drill chuck 3 - 16 mm / B 16 Drill chuck arbor MK 4 / B 16 Draw spindle M 16 Reducing sleeve MK 4 / 3 Combination milling arbor MK 4 / 27 mm Height-adjustable guard Threading device LED machine light Digital quill stroke display Slotted guard Longitudinal measuring scale Operating tool

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, Used Machine Year of manufacture: 2014 Condition: The machine has been factory-overhauled by Ganner Features and Technical Specifications: Complete standard configuration including: - Support with linear guide consisting of: 1 single-spindle horizontal drilling unit, 0.65 kW motor, 70 mm stroke Tool speed selectable via operator software (3000/5000/8000 rpm) 1 blow-out, gluing, and dowel-driving station for dowels Ø 8 mm, dowel length 25–50 mm - Fully automatic, electronically controlled central lubrication - X-axis NC-controlled, with working length 1300 mm, travel speed max. 105 m/min. - Z-axis manually adjustable via mechanical digital counter, position adjustable via support table 5–40 mm - Dowel drive-in overhang adjustable from 7–20 mm via a mechanical digital counter; drilling depth from 0–35 mm (for drill bit length GL 70 mm) is automatically adjusted with the drive-in overhang - Closed glue system with 6 bar glue pressure via glue nozzle, for glues with a viscosity of 150 to 350 mPas - Glue quantity continuously adjustable via operator software - GLUE/WATER selector switch for flushing the glue system, each with: 1 stainless steel tank for 7.5 kg of glue and 7.5 l of water - Indicator light showing remaining glue levels in the glue tank - 1 left side stop, 1 right side stop, and 1 center stop (all removable) - 4 start buttons for individual processing of 1–4 workpieces - 4 pneumatic 10° angle clamping cylinders for workpiece thicknesses up to 80 mm, workpiece length (Y) min. 70 mm - 1 extraction funnel, connection Ø 80 mm - 1 TCT control unit with: Built-in industrial PC, including Beckhoff TWINCAT soft PLC, operating temperature range 0–50°C, 15-inch capacitive TFT industrial touchscreen, operating system: WINDOWS 7 Hnsdpezlbrvefx Ac Ijt - Programming via menu-driven user software, drilling distances freely programmable with ABSOLUTE, RELATIVE, or GRID dimensions, automatic workpiece mirroring and operation optimization, 4 work areas assignable to different programs, graphical workpiece display, parametric programming, zero-point offset, programmable worklists, error diagnosis with plain text Optional equipment: - 1 electronic, optical glue monitoring system G.I.C. (Glue Insert Control) for 1 glue nozzle - 1 Z-axis with NC-controlled, dynamic positioning for height adjustment of the drilling and dowel-driving station (programmable from 5–40 mm), travel speed max. 30 mm/sec. - 1 single-spindle vertical drilling unit drilling from the TOP, 0.65 kW, (3000/5000/8000 rpm), position (Y) manually adjustable via a mechanical digital counter from 5–40 mm, drilling depth (Z) max. 30 mm (with drill bit length GL 57 mm), Workpiece thickness (Z) max. 50 mm, workpiece length (Y) min. 130 mm (including drilling depth compensation, e.g., for Häfele Minifix) - 4 vertical 10° angle clamping cylinders with mount - 1 keypad with mount Availability: available shortly Location: DE-63934 Röllbach

Condition: new, The machine does not include a stand. The BF3 Deluxe stand is available separately under item no. 56-1017. Technical specifications: Drilling capacity in steel: 32 mm Drilling capacity in cast iron: 40 mm Max. cutter head diameter: 80 mm Throat: 220 mm Spindle speed: (12) 75 - 3200 rpm Spindle mount: MT4 Quill stroke: 120 mm Quill feed: (3) 0.10 / 0.18 / 0.26 mm / rev Table size: 800 x 240 mm Travel (x / y): 555 x 205 mm Milling head tilting: -60° to +60° Distance spindle to table: 95 - 485 mm Milling head height adjustment: 390 mm T-slot size: 14 mm Lifting motor: 90 W Motor power output S1 100%: 1.1 / 1.5 kW (400 V) Motor - Input power S6 40%: 1.5 / 2.2 kW (400 V) Machine dimensions: 1140 x 970 x 1460 mm Approx. weight: 322 kg Scope of delivery: - 3-axis digital readout ES-12 V with LCD display - Keyless drill chuck 3 - 16 mm / B 16 - Drill chuck arbor MT 4 / B 16 - Drawbar spindle M 16 - Reducing sleeve MT 4 / 3 - Combined milling arbor MT 4 / 27 mm - Height-adjustable protective cover - Automatic spindle sleeve feed - Lifting motor for milling head - LED machine light Hnedpfx Ajv N Uyrsc Iot - Digital spindle sleeve stroke display - Thread cutting device - Lamellar protective cover - Longitudinal measuring scale - Operating tools Without base frame

Condition: used, Vitap's smart solution for through-hole drilling and grooving with automatic return to the operator. Three controlled axes: - X-axis – continuous workpiece transport via a patented belt system. - Y-axis – drilling head movement, guided by rack and pinion. - Z-axis – drilling, guided by ball screw. The fewer limitations, the greater the progress! With our machine, we do not impose any limits on workpiece length. Simple TPA programming: - You can position the holes individually. - The machining operations are displayed on a virtual workpiece. - If the workpiece dimensions change, the holes can be automatically adjusted. Office software license – Power lies in tranquility. - Perhaps you have better ideas in a quieter environment? This allows you to make better use of the flexible CAD system. - With this license, you can write programs where they are developed and discussed, in the office. Color LCD TFT 19" 5/4 screen Hnjdpfszutqiox Ac Iet USB port for loading programs from any office workstation 3 password-protected access levels (operator, supervisor, assistance) Technical data: - 9 vertical spindles, individually controllable - 2+2 horizontal drilling spindles in X - 1+1 horizontal drilling spindles in Y - 1 grooving saw unit (saw blade diameter 100 mm) - Max. workpiece thickness 50 mm - Max. workpiece weight 50 kg - Max. workpiece size: X unlimited, Y 920 mm, Z 50 mm - Min. workpiece size: X 270 mm, Y 150 mm, Z 10 mm - Workpiece transport speed: 25 m/min - Spindle speed 3,600 rpm - Max. horizontal drilling depth, X and Y axes 30 mm - Max. vertical drilling depth 45 mm - Max. vertical tool diameter 35 mm - Max. horizontal tool diameter 12 mm - Motor power 1.7 kW - CE standard

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1980, machine/vehicle number: 18798, Item No. 25046 High-performance pillar drill Technical data: - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 28 mm - Drilling capacity in steel ST 60: 32 mm - Drill spindle mount: MK 3 long spindle - Drill spindle stroke: 180 mm - Continuously variable drill spindle speeds - Adjustable – Stage 1: 65 – 240 rpm - 130 – 480 rpm - Stage 2: 240 – 875 rpm - 480 – 1750 rpm - Overhang: 290 mm - Max. distance table – drill spindle: 620 mm - Table with 2 T-slots: 450 x 450 mm - Table with reversible function and permanently mounted machine vise - Table height adjustment via rack and pinion with hand crank - Drive: 400 V / 0.9 / 1.3 kW - Space requirement: approx. W 660 x H 1900 x D 700 mm - Weight: approx. 300 kg - Includes: - Quick-change drill chuck 1-13 mm Hodszxdhajpfx Ac Ient

Condition: used, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 32.0 mm bore capacity in cast iron 36.0 mm throat 280 mm bore stroke 150 mm turning speeds 80 - 1400 U/min table-size 400 x 550 mm morse taper MK 3 feed 0.1-0.2-0.3 mm/U total power requirement 1.1 / 2.0 kW weight of the machine ca. 350 kg range L-W-H 800 x 600 x 1900 mm Furnishing : Hnjdsxabv Djpfx Ac Ijt - Column drilling machine - Drive: V-belt - automatic spindle feed (0.1/0.2/0.3 mm/rev) - Pole-changing drive motor - Work table with T-slots - Height adjustable via hand crank - machined base plate with T-slots - adjustable drilling depth stop - Connection cable + 16A plug * Machine link: ?machineno=1008-9103736

Condition: used, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 20.0 mm bore capacity in cast iron 25.0 mm throat 210 mm bore stroke 100 mm turning speeds 240 - 3800 U/min table-size 300 x 425 mm morse taper MK 3 total power requirement 0.6 / 1.2 kW weight of the machine ca. 300 kg range L-W-H 500 x 700 x 1750 mm Machine from a vocational school (!!) Hedpfoxacbzox Ac Iont - in checked condition - machine video - ?v=WGhTKBNBT2E Furnishing : - Column drilling machine - Drive: V-belt - manual spindle feed - Pole-changing drive motor - Work table with T-slots - Height adjustable via hand crank - adjustable drilling depth stop - Keyless drill chuck including taper mandrel - Connection cable + 16A plug

Condition: used, Boring power 23.0 / 28.0 mm Boring depth max. 140 mm Center of spindle to wall or column 300 mm Column diameter 125 mm Size of table plate 415 x 385 mm Speed 100 - 2000 U/min. spindle taper MT 2 MK voltage 380 V Motor output 0.9 / 1.4 KW weight of the machine ca. 225 kg Dimensions (L/W/H) 900 x 600 x 1960 mm maintained condition (!!) Furnishing: - V-belt operated column drilling machine - Right/left running of the work spindle - Pole-changing drive motor - manual spindle feed via cross handle - Work table with 2x T-slots - Table height adjustment via hand crank - machined base plate with 3x T-slots Hjdpfx Aexabbyjc Isnt - manual V-belt tension (front handwheel) - Connection cable including 16A plug * Machine link: ?machineno=1008-9103760

Condition: used, Boring power 32.0 mm Hedpfsxabp Rsx Ac Ient bore capacity in cast iron 35.0 mm morse taper MK 3 spindle stroke 120 mm throat 260 mm column diameter 110 mm table: 515 x 355 mm turning speeds 80 - 1400 U/min total power requirement 0.7 / 1.3 kW weight 175 kg range L-W-H 750 x 520 x 1820 mm from a training workshop maintained condition (!!) Furnishing: - V-belt operated column drilling machine - adjustable drilling depth stop - Pole-changing drive motor - manual spindle feed via cross handle - Work table with 3x T-slots - Table height adjustment via hand crank - Front main switch - Connection cable including 16A plug * Machine link: ?machineno=1008-9103754

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, total height: 1,850 mm, total length: 2,300 mm, total width: 1,950 mm, Colour: White Empty weight: 1.240 kg - Year: 2015 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: AB/222595 - Main motor power [kW]: 2.2 - Number of controlled axes [pcs]: 12 - Working range X [mm]: 3050 - Working range Y [mm]: 800 - Working range Z [mm]: 60 - X-axis max stroke [mm]: 1040 - Y-axis max stroke [mm]: 1030 - Z-axis max stroke [mm]: 100 - Number of milling spindles [pcs]: 8 Hodpszavvgefx Ac Ijnt - Spindle diameter [mm]: 10 - Min. spindle speed [rpm]: 1000 - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 4000 - Horizontal drilling unit: Yes - Horizontal drilling spindles [pcs]: 6 - Max. drilling depth [mm]: 18 - Vertical drilling unit: Yes - Vertical drilling spindles [pcs]: 8 - Max. drilling depth [mm]: 30 - Saw unit present: Yes - Safety feature: - Voltage [V]: 400 - Current consumption [A]: 10 - Transport dimensions: 2300mm x 1950mm x 1850mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 1240kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Yorick Diebels

Condition: used, Empty weight: 4.200 kg - Documentation available: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Control: Conventional - Motor power: 2.0kW - Transport weight [kg]: 4200kg Financial information Hnodpfjwnifrox Ac Ijt VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: new, bore capacity in steel (diameter) 28 mm Hnsdpfoprfbuex Ac Iet throat 250 mm bore stroke 130 mm morse taper 3 MK table: 380 x 380 mm turning speeds 75 - 3200 U/min thread M16 ST60 column diameter 98 mm engine output 1,1 kW dimensions 800 x 500 x 2000 mm weight 210 kg - automatic drill feeds (magnetic clutch) - Height adjustable and angle adjustable table - Movable work table - Integrated cooling system - Powerful engine - 3 hand levers for drilling feed - Safety shield with limit switch - Separate emergency stop - Built-in working lights - Incl. drill chuck 16mm - B16 - Built-in automatic thread cutting.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, Boring machine Manufacturer: TOS Type: VARNSDORF WHQ 13.8 CNC Year of manufacture: 2000 CNC control: Heidenhain 426 Completely overhauled in 2022 Report available Travel distances: X/Y/Z: 3,500 x 2,500 x 1,250 x B800 mm Number of axes: 5 Table length: 2,200 mm Table width: 1,800 mm Clamping area: 1,800 x 1,600 mm Table load: 12 tons Number of tool positions: 60 Hnedpfox A Ayiex Ac Iot Spindle taper: SK 50 Spindle diameter: 130 mm Spindle speed: 2,500 rpm Power: 90 kW Heidenhain handwheel Telescopic guard completely overhauled with a new wiper. Dimensions: L x W x H approx.: 7,500 x 6,950 x 4,000 mm Weight: 40 tons 9926ä

Condition: good (used), *FOR SALE: Cincinnati Milacron PTC 40 Column Drill – 1982* *Price:* €2,200 – Negotiable *Location:* Les Ponts-de-Cé, 49130, Pays de la Loire *Description:* Industrial column drill *CINCINNATI MILACRON PTC 40*, manufactured in 1982. French made. Very robust machine for drilling and tapping in mechanical and sheet metal workshops. Column with cross table mounted on slides. Remote control + foot pedal. Complete and fully operational machine. *Specifications:* - *Make / Model*: CINCINNATI MILACRON PTC 40 380V - *Year*: 1982 - Serial No. 45117 Hsdpezvgr Aofx Ac Isnt - *Type*: Column drill on a base - *Table*: Cross table mounted on slides - *Feed*: Spindle descent via handwheel + lever - *Equipment*: Remote electrical cabinet, Foot pedal, Vises - *Mounting*: On a pallet for removal