Used Centrifuge Rotor for sale (2,102)

Condition: used, This listing is for a Sorvall Heraeus 75002000 Centrifuge Rotor with Buckets. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. Ibodexxy Ucjpfx Am Dsc Supplied with x4- 75002002 Round Buckets Enhance your laboratory's centrifugation capabilities with the Sorvall Heraeus 75002000 rotor, crafted for efficient performance in various applications. Key Features: Manufacturer: Sorvall Heraeus, known for reliability in laboratory centrifugation. Part Number: 75002000, ensuring you have the correct rotor for your specific needs. Maximum Speed: Capable of reaching up to 4,700 RPM, providing effective and rapid sample separation. Rotor Type: Swing Bucket Rotor design allows for smooth operation and optimal pelleting of samples as buckets swing out during centrifugation. Capacity: Accommodates 4 x 400 mL sample tubes, making it suitable for moderate volume applications. Maximum Load: Designed to support a max load of 540 g, ensuring stability even with heavier samples. Maximum RCF: Achieves a maximum relative centrifugal force (RCF) of 4618 x g, which is effective for a wide range of laboratory separation tasks. Compatible Centrifuges: Sorvall Legend Mach 1.6 Heraeus Multifuge 1S

Condition: used, This listing is for a Thermo Scientific 75005701 Centrifuge Rotor. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. Thermo Scientific 75005701 Centrifuge Rotor The 75005701 Centrifuge Rotor is a high-capacity swinging bucket rotor engineered for use with Thermo Scientific Sorvall ST8 and Heraeus Megafuge 8 centrifuges, designed for efficient and safe sample processing. Key Features: Capacity: Holds 4 round buckets, allowing for versatile sample volumes and formats, ideal for various laboratory applications. Swinging Bucket Design: This design promotes efficient sample processing, enabling the rotor to tilt during centrifugation for effective separation and easier loading/unloading. ClickSeal Biocontainment Lids: These lids ensure secure, one-handed operation, minimizing contamination risks and enhancing user safety during sample handling. Adaptors for Blood Collection Tubes: Specifically designed adapters accommodate 5/7mL and 10mL blood collection tubes, making it suitable for clinical and research applications involving blood samples. Compatibility: Tailored for use with Thermo Scientific Sorvall ST8 and Heraeus Megafuge 8 centrifuges, ensuring seamless integration into laboratory workflows. Iedpoxxyxbofx Am Dsbc Specifications: Type: Swinging bucket rotor Capacity: 4 round buckets Adaptors: Available for blood collection tubes (5/7mL and 10mL) Compatibility: Thermo Scientific Sorvall ST8, Heraeus Megafuge 8 centrifuges

Condition: used, This listing is for a Thermo Scientific FiberLite F21-8x50y Centrifuge Rotor. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Thermo Scientific FiberLite F21-8x50y Centrifuge Rotor is a versatile and high-performance laboratory tool suitable for a wide range of applications. Here’s an organized overview of its key features, specifications, and applications: Key Features and Specifications Design and Capacity: Holds up to 8 tubes Capacity of 50 mL per tube Material: Constructed from lightweight, corrosion-resistant materials such as carbon fibre and aluminium Configuration: Fixed-angle design, with tubes positioned at a constant angle relative to the axis of rotation Compatibility: Works with various Thermo Scientific centrifuges, including: Heraeus Megafuge series Sorvall Legend series Safety Features: Automatic rotor recognition system Lid-locking mechanism to prevent accidental opening during operation Performance: Maximum speed: 21,000 rpm Maximum RCF: 52,400 x g Weight: Net weight of the rotor: 9.9 lb (4.49 kg) Biocontainment: Features a bioseal lid to ensure samples remain contained and to protect users from hazardous chemicals Environmental Considerations: Energy-efficient design with reduced waste production Key Applications The FiberLite F21-8x50y Centrifuge Rotor is ideal for various laboratory procedures, including: Subcellular Separations: Isolating cellular components for research and analysis. Bacteria Pelleting: Concentrating bacterial cultures for further experiments. Lysate Clarification: Removing debris from cell lysates to obtain clear samples. Cell Membrane Studies: Analyzing the properties and functions of cell membranes. Sucrose Gradient Isolation: Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Gradient separation of cells using solutions like Percoll, Ficoll, Optiprep, or Nycodenz This rotor combines advanced technology with practical safety and efficiency features, making it suitable for a variety of applications in research, clinical, and industrial laboratories. Iodpfx Amsxx Appj Dobc

Condition: used, The Heraeus Sepatech RHTA 13.8 centrifuge rotor is a high-quality laboratory component engineered for reliable and efficient sample separation. Built for compatibility with Heraeus centrifuge systems, it supports consistent performance in demanding research, clinical, and industrial lab environments Ibjdpfoyx Th Eox Am Dsc

Condition: used, The Heraeus Sepatech 3743 centrifuge rotor is engineered for efficient and precise sample separation. Built for durability and balance at high speeds, it supports consistent laboratory workflows and is ideal for research, clinical, and industrial centrifugation applications Ibedjyx S T Hjpfx Am Doc

Condition: used, This listing is for the Sigma 2-15 Centrifuge +Accessories Shown The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use The Sigma 2‑15 is a benchtop (tabletop) laboratory centrifuge produced by Sigma (Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH), designed for moderate-speed separation tasks across various scientific and industrial settings Key Features & Specifications: Purpose: Used to separate sample components (e.g., cells, sediments) through centrifugal force—ideal when high speed isn't required Power & Voltage: Operates at 240 W, 220–240 V, 50 Hz Speed: Centrifuge motor: up to 13,500 rpm. Rotor-specific max: up to 15,300 rpm, depending on rotor type . Ibsdpfx Amjxhffrj Doc Capacity: Typical configuration includes 4 buckets, each capable of holding up to 100 ml (e.g., rotor 11192 with buckets 13012) Some versions deploy a fixed-angle rotor (e.g., 12189) with capacity around 480 g Dimensions: Compact footprint of approximately 33 × 43 × 30 cm (W × D × H) . Other Features: Microcontroller-based control of speed and time. Multiple acceleration/deceleration curves and program memory (up to 10 programs) in some configurations Magnetic rotor identification (prevents overspeeding) and induction drive for low maintenance

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Eppendorf 5804 centrifuge, including FA-45-6-30 rotor. Ibedoztmfkopfx Am Doc Both items are new and have not been used.

Condition: used, This listing is for a Thermo Fisher Scientific Sorvall RC6+ Centrifuge The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Sorvall RC 6 Plus is a high-speed, refrigerated floor-standing centrifuge designed for large-volume separations in research, bioprocessing or production labs. According to the manufacturer, it: Is capable of speeds up to 22,000 rpm (which corresponds to about 55,200 ×g) without needing a vacuum system. Handles up to 4 × 1,000 mL bottles in a single run (i.e., ~4 L total) in its standard configuration. Uses a brushless high-frequency motor drive, and has full refrigeration for temperature control. Offers a broad rotor compatibility platform (including composite, aluminium, continuous flow etc) for different In short: this is a heavy-duty centrifuge for larger volumes and higher speeds, suited to labs that need more capacity and performance than benchtop or mid-range units. Key Features & Highlights Here are some of the standout features: Speed & G-force: Up to 22,000 rpm, approx. 55,200 ×g. Capacity: 4 bottles of 1,000 mL (4 L total) in typical configuration. Iodpexukkyjfx Am Dsbc Temperature control: Ability to set in range from -20 °C to +40 °C (in 1 °C increments), and maintain temperature accuracy of ±2 °C. Motor/drive: Brushless high-frequency motor = faster spin up/downs, lower maintenance than older belt drives. Programmability & control: Up to 30 stored programs, with features like real-time control (delayed start/stop), ω² dt (integrator) for reproducibility, pre-cool function, and both rpm and RCF display. Safety & interlocks: Automatic lid-lock when running, door cannot be opened while rotor is spinning, and run terminates automatically in the event of certain malfunctions. Rotor flexibility: Supports a wide selection of rotors (fixed-angle, swinging bottle/bucket, continuous flow), including composite carbon-fibre rotors for higher performance / durability

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Eppendorf 5425 Centrifuge, including FA-24x2 rotor – New in box For sale: an Eppendorf 5425 centrifuge, including an FA-24x2 rotor. Ibodjztmdyspfx Am Dsc Manufactured in 2025 The centrifuge is brand new and unused The rotor is also new and unused Both the centrifuge and the rotor are still in their original packaging Ideal for laboratories looking for a new, high-quality Eppendorf centrifuge without the delivery time associated with a new order. Model: Eppendorf 5425 Rotor: FA-24x2 Year of manufacture: 2025 Condition: New in box

Condition: used, Sorvall SLA-1500 Ibsdoh E Di Ispfx Am Dsc We have two pcs in stock, price is for one pc only.

Condition: used, This listing is for the Thermo Scientific Multifuge Pro Centrifuge Series The units are in full working condition and are ready for immediate use The Thermo Scientific™ Multifuge™ Pro Centrifuge Series (including the X4R refrigerated model) is a high-performance, versatile laboratory centrifuge designed for high-capacity, general-purpose processing. Featuring a 4-liter capacity, these units are ideal for cell culture, blood separation, and microbiologyKey Features: Ibodpfoyt Naxox Am Dec - Auto-Lock™ Rotor Exchange: Tool-less, push-button rotor exchange for fast application changes in under 3 seconds. - Intuitive Interface: A full-color touch screen provides easy, rapid programming, with storage for up to 100 programs. - Versatility & Capacity: Compatible with up to 18 different rotors (swing-out and fixed-angle) with a maximum speed of 15,200 rpm (up to 25,830 x g). - Sample Protection: ClickSeal™ biocontainment lids provide certified, glove-friendly, snap-on sealing for safety. - Efficient Design: The X4R refrigerated model includes a powerful cooling system for temperature-sensitive samples, with a range of -10°C to +40°C. - SMARTSpin™ Technology: Advanced rotor management optimizes acceleration, braking, and residual load imbalance.

Condition: used, This listing is for a Thermo Fisher Scientific RC 3BP+ Centrifuge The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. Key Features & Capabilities The RC 3BP Plus is designed for large-batch/volume processing: for example one rotor option handles 6 × 1 000 mL bottles or 12 blood-bags. Maximum speed of up to 5 000 rpm, producing a maximum relative centrifugal force (RCF) of about 7 277 ×g. Refrigeration/temperature control: The unit offers temperature setting range roughly from –10 °C to +40 °C (or around +2 °C to +40 °C depending on source) and is capable of keeping sample chamber temperature stable. Microprocessor control with programmable run-profiles: 15 stored programs, features such as “Accumulated Centrifugal Effect (ACE)”, Step-Mode runs, slow-start/stop, etc. Ibedpfexukh Esx Am Dsc Quiet & robust operation: Noise level at maximum speed is under ~58 dBA. Safety and build quality: The rotor chamber, baseframe and guard ring are made of high-strength steel; automatic lid lock; electronic imbalance detection; door cannot open during spin; machine cannot start if door open. Technical Specifications (summarised) Here are some of the important specs to consider: Maximum speed: 5,000 rpm. Maximum RCF: ~7,277 ×g. Minimum speed: ~300 rpm. Temperature control range: Approximately –10 °C to +40 °C (or +2 °C to +40 °C depending on spec sheet) for samples. Capacity: 6 × 1 000 mL bottles or 12 × 250 mL blood bags (depending on rotor/adapter). Noise at max speed: < 58 dB(A). Dimensions: Height ~1178 mm (46.3 in), Width ~800 mm (31.5 in), Depth ~905 mm (35.6 in) (varies by version). Dimensions: Height ~1178 mm (46.3 in), Width ~800 mm (31.5 in), Depth ~905 mm (35.6 in) (varies by version). (≈981 lb) Drive: high-performance induction motor Intended Usage & Applications This centrifuge is suited for laboratories that need to process large volumes and relatively low speeds (compared with ultra-centrifuges). Some typical uses include: Blood banking/separation of large bag volumes. Bulk processing of bottles (1 L size) for sample prep. Applications where sample temperature control is important (hence the refrigeration). Labs requiring strong reproducibility via programmable runs, slow-start/stop, step modes

Condition: used, This listing is for Eppendorf Centrifuge 5804 The unit is in full working condition and ready for immediate use. Iedpfjy Hwl Rjx Am Dobc High-performance benchtop centrifuge designed for medium- to high-throughput applications, offering precise speed control, quiet operation, and compatibility with a wide range of rotors for versatile lab workflows. Transparency Report and Technical Audit: • Source Pedigree: Biotech / Research Facility • Condition: Direct-from-Bench (Decontaminated/Original) • Power-On Test: Verified; Digital display active, lighting operational, and fan system engaged. • Integrity: 100% Original Parts (Non-Refurbished) Notice for Procurement: This unit is sold As-Is. While we verify the power-on status and physical integrity, we do not perform analytical validation, fluidic testing, or operational calibration. Ideal for labs with in-house technical expertise or existing service agreements. Sustainability Impact: By choosing Direct Reuse, your facility avoids the carbon footprint of new manufacturing and prevents specialized materials from entering waste streams. Direct-to-Lab reuse is the most carbon-efficient way to equip a modern laboratory.

Condition: used, This listing is for the Eppendorf Centrifuge 5420 The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use The Eppendorf 5420 is a non-refrigerated microcentrifuge designed for routine molecular biology workflows—especially spin‑column-based DNA/RNA purification, gel extraction, and PCR prep. It offers outstanding performance while saving precious bench space. Key Features & Design Highlights Compact Footprint: Measures just 24 × 35 × 22 cm (W × D × H), or approximately 9.4 × 13.8 × 8.7 in., making it ideal for crowded lab benches. High-Speed Performance: Reaches up to 15,060 rpm, generating a maximum relative centrifugal force (RCF) of 21,300 × g. Large Capacity with Flexibility: Comes standard with an aerosol‑tight rotor accommodating 24 × 1.5/2.0 mL tubes. Optional adapters support 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 mL tubes, 0.6 mL BD Microtainers, as well as a rotor for 32 × 0.2 mL PCR tubes or four 8‑strip PCR sets. Ergonomic Controls: Soft‑touch lid closure—one-finger operation. Automatic lid opening at the end of runs to minimize sample warming and ease access. Ibedpfxjxhd Hbe Am Dsc One‑push short‑spin key—perfect for quick spins without holding the button. Easy‑clean keypad and large, bright LCD display. Low Noise & Safety: Quiet operation at

Condition: used, This listing is for a Heraeus Biofuge Primo R Refrigerated Centrifuge. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Heraeus Biofuge Primo R Refrigerated Centrifuge is an outstanding choice for small medical labs and research facilities looking for reliable and efficient sample processing. Its compact design pairs well with high-performance capabilities, making it ideal for a variety of applications. Key Features: Refrigerated Functionality: Ibodsxxz Svopfx Am Djc The centrifuge includes temperature control, ensuring that samples remain stable during processing, which is crucial for sensitive biological specimens. Versatile Rotor Options: The fixed angle rotor accommodates 6 x 50 mL tubes, but with the right rotor and adapter combinations, it can handle tube sizes ranging from 0.2 mL to 100 mL. This versatility allows for diverse applications from microcentrifugation to larger samples. User-Friendly Controls: A digital display shows all run parameters, while variable speed and RCF (Relative Centrifugal Force) controls let users set specific conditions. The QUICK RUN key is perfect for quick spins, enhancing efficiency. Safety and Reliability: Features include automatic rotor recognition, imbalance detection, and a dual lid-locking mechanism that ensures safe operation. It also has an electronic imbalance detection system to prevent accidents during runs. Applications: Cell Sedimentation: Ideal for isolating algae, yeast, bacteria, and cell organelles. Sample Preparation: Great for preparing DNA and protein precipitates, which are essential in molecular biology labs. Clinical Analysis: Suitable for blood and urine analyses, making it a valuable tool in medical diagnostics. Centrifugation of Microliter Tubes: Capable of processing standard test series in microliter tubes, ensuring versatility in routine analyses. Specifications: Maximum Speed: 15,000 rpm Maximum RCF: 21,890 x g Control Speed: Adjustable from 300 to 15,000 rpm (±10 rpm) Noise Level:

Condition: used, This listing is for a Thermo Electron Corporation CR 4i Refrigerated Centrifuge Specifications Capacity: Swing-out rotor: (4 x 750 mL) 3000 mL Fixed angle rotor: (8 x100 mL) 800 mL Ibsdpfx Ajxzhhijm Djc Maximum load: 3.6 kg Speed range: 500 to 7800 rpm RCF range: 20 to 9900 x g Temperature range: -9°C to 40°C Dimensions (H x W x D): 45 x 85 x 66 cm (16.5″ x 33.5″ x 26″) Weight: 106 kg (233 lbs) Electrical: 120V, 60 Hz

Condition: used, This listing is for a Thermo Fisher Scientific Labofuge 400R refrigerated Centrifuge. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immidate realese. The Thermo Fisher Scientific Labofuge 400R is an air-cooled, quiet operating centrifuge, with temperature control for sensitive samples. This versatile refrigerated centrifuge has a temperature range between 0-40°C to help ensure low temperatures even during an extended run or when running at high speeds. The microprocessor control then monitors temperatures to prevent sample freezing. The wide range of compatible rotors, available from Thermo, allows users to fit most tubes. Easy Controls: The microprocessor control panel is set up front for easy access, with individual indicators showing temperature, speed, and RCF settings, as well as run time. Users can set their desired parameters quickly through the touchpad controls, choose a quick run for short spins, and engage a soft start/soft break for gentle processing of more sensitive samples. Spins are powered by an induction drive that’s maintenance-free for worry-free operation. Safety Features: Iedoxx Awgjpfx Am Djbc The automatic imbalance detector will cut out the drive if the rotor is out of balance to protect components and your work. There is also rotor over speed protection to help reduce wear on components. The steel jacket system and durable construction help the system to comply with IEC 1010. The Labofuge 400R uses a highly effective cooling environmentally friendly technology, using standstill cooling, and R134A refrigerant.

Condition: used, Used GEA Westfalia CSA 160-47-076 separator centrifuge. Working speed of bowl up to 6800 rpm. Maximum temperature up to 100°C. Machine is driven by Atex rated electric motor 30 kW, 50 HZ. Also includes tools. Ibodpfx Amszvyche Dsc

Condition: used, RETSCH Ultra Centrifugal Mill / Laboratory Mill / Fine Grinding RETSCH ZM 200 Ultra Centrifugal Mill incl. DR 100 dosing unit and extensive accessories For sale is a used ultra centrifugal mill from the manufacturer RETSCH, including a DR 100 dosing unit and extensive accessories as shown in the pictures. The ZM 200 is suitable for rapid fine grinding of various materials and for use in laboratories, research, development, and quality control. Technical data ZM 200: Manufacturer: RETSCH GmbH Type: ZM 200 Equipment type: Ultra Centrifugal Mill Power connection: 1~ 200–240 V Frequency: 50/60 Hz Power according to nameplate: 1100 W Current consumption: 12 A Dimensions (L × W × H): approx. 515 × 410 × 365 mm CE marking Dosing unit: RETSCH DR 100 Dosing unit for controlled material feed with adjustable dosing speed Interfaces ZM 200: Connection for DR 100 RS232 RS485 Equipment: RETSCH ZM 200 Ultra Centrifugal Mill RETSCH DR 100 dosing unit Digital control and display panel Feeding hopper Collection container Rotor / grinding tool as shown in the pictures Numerous ring sieves / sieve inserts in various designs Several hoppers and stainless steel parts Further extensive original RETSCH accessories as shown in the pictures Application areas: Laboratory and research Fine grinding Sample preparation Material testing Quality control Research and development Scope of delivery: 1 × RETSCH ZM 200 Ultra Centrifugal Mill 1 × RETSCH DR 100 dosing unit 1 × Operating manual ZM 200 1 × Operating manual DR 100 Feeding hopper Collection container Rotor / grinding tool as shown in the pictures Numerous ring sieves / sieve inserts Various hoppers, containers and accessories Further accessories as shown in the pictures Weight approx. 45 kg Condition: Used Signs of wear Isdpfx Aezxqhysm Debc The table shown in the photos and other items not explicitly mentioned are not included in the sale. Shipping or freight forwarding possible. Subject to change, errors and prior sale. We are happy to answer further questions by telephone.

Condition: used, This listing is for the Eppendorf Fixed Angle Rotor FA-34-6-38 The unit is in full working condition and ready for immediate use. Designed for high-speed centrifugation, this rotor accommodates up to 6 x 38 ml tubes and ensures reliable sample separation with precision engineering and durable construction. Transparency Report and Technical Audit: • Source Pedigree: Biotech / Research Facility Ibodoyx Ur Eepfx Am Djc • Condition: Direct-from-Bench (Decontaminated/Original) • Power-On Test: Verified; Digital display active, lighting operational, and fan system engaged. • Integrity: 100% Original Parts (Non-Refurbished)

Condition: used, This listing is for Eppendorf® Swing bucket rotor A-4-44 The unit is in full working condition and ready for immediate use Ibsdpfx Amsyyalgs Djc Swing bucket rotor designed for Eppendorf centrifuges, supporting efficient and balanced sample separation. Ideal for laboratory centrifugation applications with reliable performance and durable construction.

Condition: used, This listing is for a Diamed Diacent-12 Centrifuge. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Diamed Diacent-12 Centrifuge is a compact and efficient laboratory instrument designed for specific applications in immunohematology and other related fields. Here’s a concise overview of its key specifications, features, and applications: Specifications: Dimensions: 26 x 18 x 32 cm Weight: 4.8 kg Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF): 1006 g Rotor Speed: 3000 RPM Power Input: 230 V Ibedjxxz Nuspfx Am Djc Frequency: 50-60 Hz Power Consumption: 70 W Time Setting: Up to 10 minutes Safety Features: Equipped with a break and electromagnetic lock for secure operation. Key Features: Automatic Head Detection: The centrifuge can automatically identify the head type in use, allowing for seamless program selection tailored to specific applications. User-Friendly Interface: The panel PC touch-screen interface provides easy navigation with intuitive icons, making it accessible for all users. Multi-Language Software: This feature enhances usability across different regions and user preferences. Compliance: Meets CE compliance as per IVD Directive 98/79/EC, ensuring it adheres to international safety and performance standards. Applications: Immunohematology: Ideal for blood typing and cross-matching blood samples, critical in transfusion medicine. Cell Washing: Effectively separates cells from supernatant for various laboratory applications, including sample preparation and analysis. Centrifugation of Tubes and ID-Cards: Supports a range of laboratory procedures, enhancing efficiency in processing samples.

Condition: used, AZO E800 screening machine, centrifugal screen Completely overhauled Material: steel, coated Includes new bearings, seals for the electric motor, and rotor Iodpfoz Hc Tuox Am Dobc See our other listings.

Condition: used, This listing is for Eppendorf Fixed Angle Rotor FA-45-24-11 The unit is in full working condition and ready for immediate use Iodpjyx Uwzsfx Am Dobc The Eppendorf FA-45-24-11 is a high-performance fixed angle rotor designed for efficient sample separation in centrifugation applications. Built for precision, it supports consistent results in research and laboratory workflows, offering durability and reliable operation for demanding environments Transparency Report and Technical Audit: • Source Pedigree: Biotech / Research Facility • Condition: Direct-from-Bench (Decontaminated/Original) • Power-On Test: Verified; Digital display active, lighting operational, and fan system engaged. • Integrity: 100% Original Parts (Non-Refurbished)

Condition: used, This listing is for the MSE MSB010 Micro Centaur Plus Centrifuge The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate use Overview & Applications Designed for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) use and routine medical analysis, supporting separations of mixtures, suspensions, and bodily fluids. Lightweight (≈ 5 kg) and small in footprint (≈ 220 × 270 × 180 mm), making it ideal for benchtops, cold rooms, and transport between labs. MedWrench Rotors & Accessories Compatible with a wide range of rotors, including: 24‑place 2 ml rotor 18 × 0.5 ml Ibedpfx Amoxhfy Ao Dsc 12 × 2 ml PCR strip rotors Haematocrit capillaries (24 × 50 mm) MedWrench Summary The MSE Micro Centaur Plus (MSB010) combines high speed, compact design, programmable flexibility, and strong safety measures. It's a reliable, maintenance-light option with long-term part availability, making it a solid addition to lab environment