Used Doosan Puma 2100 Ly for sale (3,543)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 7,500 h, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 760 mm, turning diameter over cross slide: 406 mm, spindle motor power: 18 W, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, spindle bore: 76 mm, travel distance X-axis: 260 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 105 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 830 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, Automatic measuring arm Chip conveyor Iiodpfx Aszzap Esfhog Parts collector Set of tool holders, including 2 motorized ones Presetting tools Chip conveyor Parts collector Set of tool holders, including 2 motorized ones

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, turning diameter 420 mm turning length 1350 mm spindle passage 101 mm control Siemens SL 828D ShopTurn number of controlled axis 4 turning speed range 3000 U/min power requirement 22/18,5 kW rapid speed 30 m/min number of tapers in turret head 12/24 BMT 65 number of driven tools in turret 12 BMT 65 Spindel speed of driven tools 5000 U/min Spindelpower on driven tool 7,5/5,5 kW y-axis +/- 65 mm tail stock MT-5 weight 8,0 t dimensions 5,7 x 2,3 x 2,32 m Heavy CNC- lathe with driven tools and Y- Axis in very good condition. First instalation: 03/2023 Appr. 5400 h Power on. - 2x 3-jaw chuck Ø 325 + 400 mm Iiodpszfqf Sofx Afhog - some fixed tool holders - Tool pre- setter - chip conveyor - 4x driven tool holders - 2 + 2 driven toolholders with Capto C4 - oildust collector - band filter system with appr. 1000 ltr. - hydr. steady moveable wit turret SMW Autoblock SLU-X3.1 (Ø 20- 165 mm) - 3 colour signal lamp - coolant gun - some jaws - external programming system MCS40501/2 - build in spindle

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 43,500 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: ML0336-000164, travel distance X-axis: 205 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 560 mm, rotational speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, bar diameter (max.): 51 mm, controller model: Siemens S828D, TECHNICAL DETAILS Main spindle speed: max. 6,000 rpm Travel in X-axis: 205 mm Travel in Z-axis: 560 mm Rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 36 m/min Swinging diameter over bed / turret: 600 / 400 mm Torque: 127 Nm Hydraulic 3-jaw chuck: 170 mm Workpiece size: max. Ø 300 × 510 mm Bar diameter: max. 51 mm Chuck outer diameter: 152 mm Tool stations: 12 Tool cross-section: 20 × 20 mm Tools: max. 24 Turret indexing time: 0.11 s MACHINE DETAILS Control model: Siemens S828D Main motor power: 12.6 kW Power of driven tools: 6.2 kW High-pressure coolant pressure: 0.7 MPa Dimensions & Weight Machine dimensions (L × W × H): 2,540 × 1,595 × 1,693 mm Machine weight: 3,480 kg Operating hours: 43,500 h EQUIPMENT High-pressure coolant system, 0.7 MPa Transformer Chip conveyor Tool measurement / tool probe Isdpfx Aezzx Igsfhjig Collet chuck with 3 collets LNS bar feeder for bars up to max. 1.5 m length Workpiece catcher and ejection system Tool load monitoring CE conformity Highly rigid cast iron machine bed 12-position turret with accommodation for max. 24 tools Automatic bar feeder Oil separator for coolant Roller-guided linear guides Documentation/manual Spindle speed continuously adjustable

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, The machine is in good technical condition, testing can be arranged by prior agreement. Isdpfx Afoz A T Inshjig

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, - FANUC i Series TD - Max. turning diameter: 420 mm - Max. swing dia over bed 670–850 mm - Max. turning length 3190 mm - Spindle speed: 2800 RPM - Spindle motor power: 22–25 kW - Spindle bore / Chuck size: 102–132 mm / 12 inches - X-axis travel: 293 mm - Y-axis travel: ±65 mm - Z axis travel: 3190 mm - Live tool speed: 5000 rpm - Number of tool stations on the turret: 12 - Machine weight: approx. 13000 kg Accessories, features - Coolant unit - Chip conveyor - Tailstock - Hydraulic steady rest Iijdjzw N H Eopfx Afhsg - C axis - Y axis - Live tool turret - Towel lamp - Transformer - Integrated hydraulics - 3 jaws hydraulic chuck - Tool eye (tool presetter) - Tool holders (live holders too) - Documentation The machine was owned by a sheet metal production company and the machine was barelly used. Very good condition. Under power in our showroom.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 3,204 h, functionality: fully functional, turning diameter over cross slide: 390 mm, turning length: 562 mm, turning diameter: 390 mm, spindle bore: 76 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,500 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 230 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 580 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 24 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, total height: 1,700 mm, total length: 2,834 mm, total width: 1,628 mm, turning diameter over bed slide: 600 mm, overall weight: 3,500 kg, bar passage: 65 mm, chuck outer diameter: 210 mm, spindle nose: ASA A2#6, Equipment: documentation/manual, Doosan Puma GT 2100 CNC lathe, year 2016, in excellent working condition and ready for production. Reliable and high-performance machine, ideal for precision turning operations in small and medium batch production. Equipped with tailstock, 12-position static turret, tool presetting system, 6 boring bar holders, and chip conveyor. Only 3,204 cutting hours. The machine is sold complete with all paper manuals. Robust construction, high accuracy, and excellent productivity. An ideal solution for machine shops and subcontractors looking for a modern CNC lathe fully equipped with accessories. Iodpey Dunwsfx Afhjig Machine available for inspection under power by appointment.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, Swing over bed 880mm, Swing over saddle 817 mm, Maximum turning diameter 550mm, maximum turning length 3070mm, bar capacity 116.5mm, Y axis +/- 75mm, Spindle speed 2000rpm, milling speed 4,000rpm, spindle power 37/30KW, 12 station turret, Fanuc IPlus control. Iedpox I N Rbefx Afhoig 3 jaw chuck, tool setter, Hydraulic steady, swarf conveyor,

Condition: excellent (used), turning diameter over cross slide: 300 mm, turning length: 510 mm, Model: 2100 LYB Control: Fanuc i Series Iodey N Uqiopfx Afhsig Year: 2019 Turning Diameter: 300mm Turning Length: 510mm ‘X’ Axis Travel: 205mm ‘Y’ Axis Travel: 105mm ‘Z’ Axis Travel: 560mm Spindle Speed: 4500 RPM Spindle Power: 15KW Spindle Torque: 169N-M Machine With: 200mm Power Chuck Driven Tools (1-AxiaL -1- Radial) Tool Eye Parts Catcher Filtermist Dimensions: 2880 x 1711 x 1921 High Weight: 3900 Kgs

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, DOOSAN PUMA 3100LY FANUC control YEAR OF MANUFACTURE: 2020.11 Iodpfx Aezc Nznofhjig Chuck size: 12 inches Max. turning diameter: 420 mm Max. turning length: 1285 mm Bar diameter: 102 mm Z-axis travel: 1350 mm Y-axis travel: 130 mm X-axis travel: 293 mm TAILSTOCK Live center: SMW AUTOBLOCK - Chip conveyor included - Documentation

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 330 mm, turning diameter: 350 mm, spindle bore: 65 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,500 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 45 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 205 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 340 mm, spindle motor power: 15 W, rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 36 m/min, total height: 1,700 mm, total length: 3,600 mm, total width: 1,600 mm, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, USED ​​DOOSAN LYNX 2100B 2-axis lathe with Fanuc i-Series CNC Iijdpfxezhaawe Afhjg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, Control system: Fanuc series 32i Max. workpiece diameter: 800 mm Clamping diameter of rotary table: 450 mm Max. table load: kg Max. workpiece height: 750 mm Ram travel (Z): 780 mm Iedpfx Aezxgcyjfhsig Ram size: mm Driven tools: yes Tool magazine: YES Number of positions in magazine: 8 Travel X-axis: 390 mm Travel Z-axis: 780 mm Table rotation: 20 - 2000 /min Main motor power: 30/37 kW Max. spindle torque: 2243/2766 Nm Machine weight: 9000 kg Machine dimensions (l x w x h): 2000x2800x3300 mm

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: ML0377-000140, turning length: 1,280 mm, turning diameter: 376 mm, spindle bore: 780 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 260 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 105 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,350 mm, spindle motor power: 22,900 W, rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 10 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, rotational speed (min.): 200 rpm, turning diameter over bed slide: 780 mm, type of input current: three-phase, We offer this Doosan PUMA 2600LY II CNC turning and milling center in like-new condition, manufactured in 2020. The machine has not been put into operation and has not been turned on since it was new. Power-on time: 0 Model: PUMA 2600LY II Serial number: ML0377-000140 Supply voltage: 380 V Number of phases: 3 Frequency: 50/60 Hz Rated power: 49.06 kVA Interrupting capacity: 5 kA Current at full load: 74.65 A Short-circuit capacity: 10 kA Circuit diagram version: P210SYH840A07 Weight: 7400 kg Date of manufacture: 2020-11 - Hydraulic chuck 255 mm (10”) – 3-jaw, with a set of soft jaws and a set of hard jaws - Hydraulic unit - Coolant system with a high-pressure pump (min. 7 bar) - Box guideways for all axes – induction hardened - Slant bed (min. 30°) - Work area lighting - Front door safety switch - Leveling pads - Color monitor - Conversational/Graphic programming support - Turret (min. 12 stations) - Tool holder kit: min. 2 straight driven holders; 2 angular driven holders; 8 static holders for drills and boring bars - Full telescopic covers for guideways - Full machine enclosure - Programmable tailstock (MT5 center) - 3-color status light (stack light) - Automatic tool presetter / tool probe - Tool monitoring system - Electrical filter - Bar feeder interface - Automatic parts catcher and parts box - Thermal compensation function - Direct drive spindle - Spindle speed: min. 4000 RPM - Built-in network card (Ethernet) - USB port - Hinged belt-type chip conveyor - Oil skimmer - Toolbox - Radial driven tool holder x2, Axial driven tool holder x2 If you have any questions or require additional information, please send us a message or contact us by phone. Ijdpfx Aoy Nmdnofhsig

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 14,553 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: ML0405-000122, spindle bore: 51 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, bar passage: 51 mm, bar diameter (max.): 51 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, In addition to the lathe, a TOP AUTOMAZIONI FU350SX bar feeder, year 2020, is also for sale. The price is for the complete set. Iiedpfoyym Smsx Afhjg

Year of construction: 2021, condition: ready for operation (used), - USED - 8-AXIS TWIN-SPINDLE CNC LATHE WITH DOUBLE TURRET HEAD MAX ROTATING DIAMETER: 230 mm MAX TURNING LENGTH: 230x2 mm MAX TURNING DIAMETER: 230 - 230 mm BAR CAPACITY: 81 mm Isdpozbnrpofx Afhjig SPINDLE: 3500 rpm; 18,5-22 kW; 244 Nm; ASA A2-8 COUNTER SPINDLE: 5000 rpm; 15-18,5 kW; 223 Nm; ASA A2-6 X1-AXIS TRAVEL: 165 mm X2-AXIS TRAVEL: 165 mm Y1-AXIS TRAVEL: ±50 mm Y2-AXIS TRAVEL: ±50 mm Z1-AXIS TRAVEL: 700 mm Z2-AXIS TRAVEL: 700 mm B-AXIS TRAVEL: 730 mm RAPID FEEDS X-Y-Z: 30 - 15 - 40 m/min DRIVEN TURRET HEAD: BMT55P ; 24 + 24 POS; 5000 rpm; 7,5 kW HIGH PRESSURE COOLANT: 35 Bar CONTROL UNIT: DOOSAN FANUC i-series WEIGHT: 9600 Kg OVERALL DIMENSIONS: 3880 x 2360 x 2250 mm ACCESSORIES: PARTS CATCHER ; SWARF CONVEYOR ; PIECE CONVEYOR ; TOOL SETTER ; LINEAR SCALES

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: ML0107-000373, Doosan PUMA 2600 L Swing 780mm Isdpfx Afsxw Ilmshjig X-Axis 260 mm Z-Axis 1350 mm FANUC i Series Swarf conveyour Renishaw Toolsetter

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2021, Brand new, unused machine!!! DOOSAN LYNX 2100G Year: 2021/10 Max. turning diameter: 170 mm Max. turning length: 330 mm Standard chuck size: 6" Max. spindle torque: 118 N·m Max. spindle speed: 6000 rpm Max. spindle power: 18.5 kW Parts catcher Control system – FANUC touch Cromar chip conveyor Machine documentation Iiodpoy E Ixxsfx Afheg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, Turning diameter 376mm, turning length 760mm, bar capacity 76mm, Y axis -/+ 52.5mm, C axis 0.001 degrees on both spindles, 24 station turret, 22KW Motor, Main spindle 4000rpm, sub-spindle 4500rpm, Fanuc I series, 3 jaw chucks, swarf conveyor, tool setter, LNS barfeed unit. Iisdpfszt Spnsx Afheg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, 300mm turning diameter, 510mm turning length, Y axis +/- 52.5mm, 600mm swing, 65mm bar capacity, Iodpfxezzwgns Afhjig spindle speed 4,500rpm , 24 station turret, 15kW spindle motor, milling 6000rpm, C axis 0.001 degrees, sub-spindle speed 6,000rpm, Y axis +/- 52.5mm, Doosan FANUC-i control, tailstock, coolant, tool setter, parts catcher, 3 jaw chuck.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 8,977 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: MM0008-000192, turning length: 1,020 mm, turning diameter: 540 mm, travel distance X-axis: 565 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 170 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,050 mm, controller model: FANUC Series 31i-MODEL B, TECHNICAL DETAILS Turning length: 1,020 mm Iodpfx Afsy Tw Uljheig Turning diameter: 540 mm Swinging diameter over bed: 750 mm Swinging diameter over cross slide: 540 mm Swinging diameter over compound slide: 270 mm Travel range X-axis: 565 mm Travel range Y-axis: 170 mm Travel range Z-axis: 1,050 mm Rapid traverse X-axis: 36 m/min Rapid traverse Y-axis: 26 m/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 36 m/min Power of spindle motor: 22 W Spindle speed, main spindle (max.): 5,000 rpm Spindle bore: 76 mm Spindle speed, milling spindle (max.): 12,000 rpm Bar passage: 76 mm Bar diameter (max.): 65 mm Spindle nose: A2#6 Spindle diameter: 110 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control system: FANUC Series 31i-MODEL B Chuck outer diameter: 210 mm Type of input current: Three-phase Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 4,850 x 2,525 x 2,805 mm Total weight: 12,000 kg Operating hours: 8,977 h EQUIPMENT Documentation/Manual

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 1,275 mm, turning diameter: 481 mm, spindle bore: 102 mm, travel distance X-axis: 260 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,350 mm, 2-axis CNC lathe Doosan Puma 2600LB Year of manufacture: 2015 Siemens 828D control system with Shop Turn interface Axis travel: X - 260 mm Z - 1350 mm Max. turning diameter: 481 mm Max. turning length: 1275 mm 12-inch (315 mm) chuck with a large spindle bore of 102 mm Iisdpfx Ajzxz I Refheg 12-tool turret Tailstock Very good machine condition Included with the machine: - Documentation - LNS chip conveyor

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, control FANUC Series 31i-MODEL A max. turning diameter 230 mm max. turning length 230 mm x-axis 165 mm Iodsz Dbyzspfx Afheig y-axis 165 mm z-axis 700 mm rapid traverse (x/z) 20/40 m/min Spindle speed - main spindle 5.000 U/min drive capacity - main spindle 22 kW Torque – Main Spindle 208 Nm Spindle speed - counter spindle 5.000 U/min Drive power - sub spindle 22 kW Feed size 8" spindle nose A2-6 bar passage 65 mm number of tool places 2 x 12 Pos. Rotary tool 6.000 U/min weight approx. 9.000 kg rated capacity 75,21 kVA In our assessment, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. A wide range of accessories is available: static and driven tool holders. Accessories, tools, and work-holding devices shown are included in the scope of delivery only if specified in the additional information. Subject to change, errors in technical data and specifications, and prior sale.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 14,553 h, travel distance X-axis: 205 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 105 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 560 mm, controller manufacturer: SIEMENS, controller model: SINUMERIK 828D, number of axes: 4, This 4-axis DOOSAN LYNX 2100 LSY was manufactured in 2019. It features a Y-axis for multi-tasking operations, a 12-station turret with live tooling, and a hydraulic 3-jaw chuck. The machine is equipped with a bar feeder system, allowing for efficient serial production. If you are looking to get high-quality turning and milling capabilities, consider the DOOSAN LYNX 2100 LSY turn-mill centre we have for sale. Contact us for further details. • Main features: • Main spindle + sub-spindle • Y-axis for multi-tasking operations • 12-station turret (24 indexing positions) • Live tooling (driven tools) • Tool interface: BMT45 • Workholding/Capacity (on machine): • Hydraulic 3-jaw chuck: 170 mm • Key advantages: • Y-axis + sub-spindle → full machining capability • Live tooling → turning and milling in one setup • Bar feeder → ideal for serial production • Automated part handling → increased productivity Iisdpoy Epi Asfx Afhog Additional equipment • Bar feeder: Top Automazioni Fusion 350 (Ø20–50 mm, up to 3200 mm length) • Additional 3-jaw chuck: 135 mm • Collet system, capacity 5–65 mm • Chip conveyor (belt type, side discharge) • Parts catcher for sub-spindle • Oil skimmer • High-pressure coolant system (5–7 bar, 20 µm filtration) • Automatic tool measurement • Spindle and axis load monitoring system • 3-color signal light • Parts handling arm (for sub-spindle unloading) • Tooling package: • 2x straight driven tool holders • 2x angular driven tool holders • 1x extended angular holder • 1x set of turning tool holders Technical Specification Counter Spindle Yes Driven Tools Yes

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 4,000 h, functionality: fully functional, CNC turning center Doosan Puma 700 XLY II Iijdpfx Aszlcyusfheg Turning length: 5,050 mm Turning diameter: 700 mm with driven tools and Y-axis Basic equipment: - CNC control Fanuc 0i with Manual Guide i - 45" inclined bed in tubular construction - Main spindle with 4 bearings. Spindle bearing accuracy class P 4 - Lifetime lubrication - Internal clamping device hydraulically actuated with internal clamping cylinder complete with safety device, coolant collection tray, stroke control and draw rod - Automatic central lubrication - Tailstock programmable - Flat bed guides hardened and counter surface coated with Rulon 142 - Coolant system with 7 bar delivery pressure - Guide rail cover Z-axis - Full enclosure - Watertight work area lighting - Integrated alignment screws and mounting plates Including Doosan options: - Tailstock programmable (towed by the turret) - Oil skimmer - Coolant system with 14 bar delivery pressure - Electronic tool breakage monitoring - Automatic tool measuring arm - 3-color warning light - Clamping force monitoring - Additional handwheel - NC option Arbitrary Speed Threading - 2x Drilling & Milling head BMT 85 CC PRECI-FLEX; straight ER50 - 2x Drilling & Milling head BMT 85 CC PRECI-FLEX; angled ER50 - Preparation for programmable hydraulic steady rest (includes complete basic body, connected to open/close the steady rest via M-function and the basic body can be automatically positioned in the Z-direction, towed by the cross slide without the steady rest) Schunk ROTA NC 630-180 2520-Sv90" Chuck diameter 630 mm Manufacturer Schunk with involute gearing 90" incl. flange and draw rod adapter Steady rest RX6-ZSW-100520 50-SCUW-95 self-centering, hydraulic steady rest, sealed housing (proofline), measuring system for clamping range monitoring (SCU-V), integrated flushing channels / chip protection, flushing nozzles, extra compact design, integrated cylinder with pressure converter. Clamping range from 100mm to 520mm Brinkmann pressure boosting pump 30 bar incl. 50p Mahle filter approx. 30 bar, can be switched on via M-function incl. cartridge filter Coolant gun with its own pump Coolant gun for cleaning the work area when the door is open In automatic operation without function Hinged belt chip conveyor, discharge on the right, inclination angle 50 degrees, discharge height 1150 mm Chip cart Type SKM750; 0.75m3 volume; 1000kg load capacity; with rollers and forklift pockets

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, control FANUC Series 31i-MODEL A Iijdoz Dby Uopfx Afhjg max. turning diameter 230 mm max. turning length 230 mm x-axis 165 mm y-axis 100 mm z-axis 700 mm rapid traverse (x/z) 20/40 m/min Spindle speed - main spindle 5.000 U/min drive capacity - main spindle 22 kW Torque – Main Spindle 208 Nm Spindle speed - counter spindle 5.000 U/min Drive power - sub spindle 22 kW Feed size 8" spindle nose A2-6 bar passage 65 mm number of tool places 2 x 12 Pos. Rotary tool 6.000 U/min weight approx. 9.000 kg rated capacity 75,21 kVA In our assessment, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. A wide range of accessories is available: static and driven tool holders. Accessories, tools, and work-holding devices shown are included in the scope of delivery only if specified in the additional information. Subject to change, errors in technical data and specifications, and prior sale.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, DOOSAN PUMA 2600S – CNC turning center with subspindle, FANUC, year 2012 We offer for sale a DOOSAN PUMA 2600S CNC turning center with subspindle, equipped with a reliable DOOSAN-FANUC i Series control system. The machine is in operation and can be demonstrated and tested upon request. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: Doosan Infracore Model: PUMA 2600S Year of manufacture: 09/2012 Serial number: ML0218-000034 CNC control: DOOSAN-FANUC i Series Iedpszyn Hcofx Afhjig Configuration: main spindle + subspindle Max. turning diameter: approx. 376 mm Max. turning length: approx. 760 mm Main spindle chuck: approx. 10" Bar capacity through main spindle: approx. 76 mm Max. main spindle speed: approx. 3,500 rpm Main spindle power: approx. 18.5 / 22 kW X-axis travel: approx. 260 mm Z-axis travel: approx. 830 mm Turret: 12 positions Automatic subspindle for complete part machining Chip conveyor Rated machine power: 40.7 kVA Power supply: 200/220 V, 3 phases, 50/60 Hz Machine weight: 5,400 kg Robust CNC turning center suitable for both series and single-piece production. Thanks to the subspindle, it enables machining of the part from both sides without the need for manual switching between individual operations. The machine is currently powered on and can be demonstrated in operation.