Used Keyence Laser Marking Machine for sale (67,748)

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, Glorystar Laser ALL NEW Laser Marking Machine | GM | 3-100W To meet various material and precision requirements for laser marking, we offer three options of laser marking machines for you to choose from. They are Fiber Laser Marking Machine, CO2 Laser Marking Machine, and UV Laser Marking Machine.? Laser Type: Fiber Laser Power:20-100W Optional Max. Marking Speed:7000mm/s Marking Range:50m×50mm-300mm×300mm Min.Line Width:0.03mm Min.Character Size:0.3mm Accuracy:±0.01 Dimensions:740mm×1150mm×1500mm Laser Type:CO2 Laser Power:15-55W Optional Max. Marking Speed:5000mm/s Marking Range:30m×30mm-200mm×200mm Min.Line Width:0.1mm Min.Character Size:0.6mm Accuracy:±0.01 Dedeuc S Iuspfx Ab Decl Dimensions:740mm×1150mm×1500mm Laser Type:UV Laser Power:3-15W Optional Max. Marking Speed:7000mm/s Marking Range:100mm×100mm-300mm×300mm Min.Line Width:0.012mm Min.Character Size:0.15mm Accuracy:±0.01 Dimensions:1150mm×1190mm×1600mm

Year of construction: 2019, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, 2 x Videojet Laser Marking Systems for date/batch coding and marking with 1 x AD Oracle laser fume extraction system. Date of manufacture - 2019. Dedpszyu Igsfx Ab Djcl The marking of the product surface is performed by the effect of intense laser radiation on the product material. The laser beam is focussed onto the product surface and heats up the topmost layer of the material, which causes a color change or a vaporization of the topmost dye layer. Laser Marking System model – 3340 IP54 LASER MARKING SYSTEM. Laser Marking System serial numbers - V1098/498 and V1908/499. Laser Marking System electrical requirements - 100-240 V / 50-60 hz / 1 phase. Fume extraction system model - AD Oracle. Fume extraction system serial number - 50067797003. Fume extraction system electrical requirements - 115-230 V / 50-60 hz - 1 phase.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 7 h, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 230 V, type of input current: AC, laser power: 3 W, type of cooling: air, total width: 300 mm, total height: 125 mm, total length: 330 mm, working range: 300 mm, overall weight: 44 kg, scan area length: 330 mm, scan area width: 330 mm, travel distance X-axis: 330 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 330 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 42 mm, input current: 4 A, laser wavelength: 355 nm, path measurement accuracy: 5 mm, ambient temperature (max.): 40 °C, input frequency: 50 Hz, Equipment: documentation/manual, KEYENCE MD-U1020C – 3-Axis UV Laser Marker (wide marking area) 3 identical units available. Built July 2022, delivered new in 2023, only 7 operating hours each. Practically as new, tested and fully functional. DELIVERY AND ON-SITE FUNCTION TEST – INCLUDED IN THE PRICE We deliver personally to your address anywhere in the EU/EEA, by van. No pallet, no freight terminals, no forwarder handling of the sensitive optics – direct door to door. On arrival the system is connected, powered up and a test marking is produced in your presence before handover. You take delivery of a machine you have seen running at your own site, not a crate on a pallet. Scope of the on-site test: connection, power-up and test marking with the supplied system. Integration into an existing production line, fixtures, tooling and application programming are not included, but can be quoted separately. Collection ex works in Örebro, Sweden is of course also possible. SCOPE OF SUPPLY (per unit) - MD-U1020C marking head, 355 nm UV, 18.0 kg, IP64 - MC-P1 controller unit, 23.5 kg - Operating console, 2.0 kg - Connecting cables, 4.3 m TECHNICAL DATA - Laser medium: YVO4, wavelength 355 nm (UV), laser class 4 Dodpozw U T Rofx Ab Decl - Laser power: 3 W at 40 kHz (2.5 W at the focal point) - Marking area: 330 x 330 x 42 mm (true 3-axis control, wide-area type) - Standard working distance: 300 mm - Marking resolution: 5 µm - Max. scanning speed: 8,000 mm/s - Digital galvo scanner with linear motor drive, built-in power meter - Interfaces: RS-232C, USB 2.0, Ethernet (10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX) - Power supply: 100–240 V AC ±10 %, 50/60 Hz, max. 800 VA (approx. 250 W average) - Cooling: forced air – no external chiller required - Ambient temperature: 0 to +40 °C - Weights: head 18.0 kg / controller 23.5 kg / console 2.0 kg APPLICATION The 355 nm UV wavelength marks heat-sensitive materials without thermal damage ("cold marking"): plastics and resins, glass, ceramics, films, PCBs, medical devices, connectors and nameplates. High-contrast, permanent, legible codes and logos with minimal material stress. COMMERCIAL Price is per unit, net, delivered. Units can be sold individually or as a package of three. Inspection and test marking under power is also possible by appointment at our location in Örebro, Sweden before purchase. Please contact us for photos, serial numbers and further details.

Year of construction: 2007, condition: excellent (used), We offer a complete Laser marking machine: - DOMINO DSL1 laser - Cabin according to protection class 1 - axis for rotation - conveyor belt - computer the tipe of laser: DOMINO DSL1 10-60 Laser power: 10 W. Lasertype: closed CO2 laser, 30000 hours medium failure-free time Characters per second: 400 (depending on the product material and system configuration) character height: 0,5 - 120 mm (0,02 - 119,89 mm) focal length: 100 mm (208 mm optional) labeling field: 60 x 60 mm Font: Pseudo-True Type Dodpsd N Hgujfx Ab Dscl laser head: construction made of stainless steel and aluminum operating temperatur: 15 - 38 C cooling: air Dynamark-Software The following materials can be marked by a CO2 laser: - Painted or coated metals - Glass - ceramics - Carton - Different types of plastic

Condition: excellent (used), Here, we offer a laser marking system. Product features: Class 4 CO2 laser Micro-marking Wavelength: 10.6 microm, 0.417 mil Laser power, continuous wave: approx. 30 W Speed: 240 m/min or less Dedpfx Abozdqpzs Dscl Weight of marking head: 20 kg Weight of control unit: 12 kg Marking field size with process area cover: 0-55 mm or 0 - 2.2 inches Permitted ambient temperature: 0 - 40 degrees Celsius Permitted humidity: 35% - 85% Requires 90V to 132VAC, 180V to 264VAC, 50/60Hz Air-cooled Printing options: letters, numbers, katakana, hiragana, kanji, symbols, up to 50 user-defined characters, QR code, Micro QR code, Data Matrix, GS1 Data Matrix, and bar codes Type: LP-431-C Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See image) (Changes and errors in the technical data and specifications are subject to change!) We will gladly answer any further questions you may have over the phone.

Condition: excellent (used), Here, we offer a laser marking system. Product features: Class 4 CO2 laser Dcedpfxszdqpnj Ab Djl Micro-marking Wavelength: 10.6 micrometers (0.417 mil) Laser power, continuous wave: approx. 30 W Weight of marking head: 20 kg Weight of control unit: 12 kg Marking field size with process chamber cover: 0-55 mm or 0-2.2 inches Permissible ambient temperature: 0-40 degrees Celsius Permissible humidity: 35% - 85% 100 V AC: 1,000 VA or less 200 V AC: 1,200 VA or less Air-cooled Printing options: letters, numbers, katakana, hiragana, kanji, symbols, up to 50 user-defined characters, QR code, Micro QR code, Data Matrix, GS1 Data Matrix, and bar codes Type: LP-431U-C Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See image) (Changes and errors in the technical data and specifications are subject to change!) We will be happy to answer any further questions you may have over the phone.

Condition: excellent (used), Osai Neomark 400 Nd-YAG laser marking machine Marking system particularly suitable for high production volumes and printed circuit boards with high packing density. The large working area and the resulting elimination of travel movements enable high-resolution and precise marking, saving up to 60% writing time compared to conventional systems. Manufacturer: Osai Type: Marking laser GIOTTO Laser Type: Neomark Y400 Power: 500 W Voltage: 230 V Weight: 1300 kg Dcjdpfx Abjxbck Eo Djl Laser completely rebuilt Beam expander motor replaced All cooling hoses replaced Financing through our bank is also possible. komplett-konzept.leasingo.de You can find more items—new and used—in our shop! International shipping costs on request!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 230 V, type of input current: AC, laser power: 30 W, type of cooling: air, total width: 400 mm, total height: 690 mm, total length: 600 mm, overall weight: 45 kg, height adjustment type: electric, scan area length: 110 mm, scan area width: 110 mm, space requirement height: 900 mm, laser wavelength: 1,064 nm, ambient temperature (min.): 15 °C, ambient temperature (max.): 35 °C, input frequency: 50 Hz, laser type: fiber laser, The LAS 22 is a compact tabletop unit with a small working area, ideally suited for small parts. Due to its small size, the unit is very practical and can be used anywhere. The device is very easy to operate without programming knowledge - Fiber laser 30 Watt (Optional: 20 Watt, 50 Watt) - Laser class 1 - Wavelength 1064nm - Marking field size 110 x110mm - marking software EZCAD in German / English - Pilot laser (simple preview/contour) - Focus finder (simple focusing) - Max. Component height approx. 95 mm - Grid holes for fixtures - Clamping area 310x190mm - Electrically adjustable Z-axis Dcsdpfey I Nbmjx Ab Del - Electric door with anti-trap protection - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - Welded steel plate construction - Connection 230V - Air cooled - Laptop with Windows operating system (German or English) - dimensions: LBH 600x 400x 690 mm - weight: approx. 45 Kg - low operating costs - marking of various materials

Year of construction: 2021, condition: used, Manufacturer : Thémis Technologies Model: 5173 TT Year: 2021 Type: UV laser marking station Dcjdjx R Aqtjpfx Ab Djl Laser : keyence mdu1000C Application: The equipment is designed to laser mark different products with different types of materials. - Glass or plastic jars of different diameters - Coloured plastic bottles of different sizes - Coloured plastic tubes This equipment performs the following functions: - Receiving the product from a conveyor belt. - Detection of the product at the entrance of the machine. - Transition of the product to the laser. - When a bottle is detected, activation of the suction and laser marking. - Discharge of the marked product. A Bofa Ad Access vacuum cleaner is placed on the side outside the cabin and connected to a nozzle near the marking area. Height: 2150 mm (with glasses) Width: 1250 mm (without screen) Length: 2530 mm (with conveyor) Equipment included: printer, control computer, ... Documentation, drawings, backup, software available.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2025, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, laser type: fiber laser, laser power: 12,000 W, working length: 2,030 mm, working width: 4,020 mm, power: 12,000 kW (16,315.44 HP), type of cooling: water, Equipment: CE marking, centralized greasing system, cooling unit, documentation/manual, dust extraction, emergency stop, fume extraction, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, X-Axis Travel(mm）: 2050 Y-Axis Travel(mm）: 4050 Dedpfx Abjwxaq Tj Djcl Z-Axis Travel(mm) ：270 X/Y Axis Positioning Accuracy: ≤0.03mm/m X/Y Axis Repositioning Accuracy: ≤±0.02mm Maximum Synthetic Positioning Speed: 170m/min Maximum Acceleration: 2.5G

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 230 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, laser power: 20 W, laser wavelength: 1,064 nm, scan area length: 110 mm, scan area width: 110 mm, type of cooling: air, type of input current: AC, laser type: fiber laser, The LAS 22 is a compact tabletop unit with a small working area, ideally suited for small parts. Due to its small size, the unit is very practical and can be used anywhere. The device is very easy to operate without programming knowledge - Fiber laser 20 Watt (Optional: 30 Watt) - Laser class 1 - Wavelength 1064nm - Marking field size 110 x110mm - marking software EZCAD in German / English - Pilot laser (simple preview/contour) - Focus finder (simple focusing) - Max. Component height approx. 95 mm - Grid holes for fixtures - Clamping area 310x190mm - Electrically adjustable Z-axis - Electric door with anti-trap protection - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - Welded steel plate construction - Connection 230V - Air cooled - Laptop with Windows operating system (German or English) - dimensions: LBH 600x 400x 690 mm - weight: approx. 45 Kg - low operating costs - marking of various materials Dcsdpfxsznr Srs Ab Dol

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: limited functionality, Year of construction: 2021, laser source model: HF, laser power: 80 W, table length: 1,000 mm, table width: 600 mm, workpiece height (max.): 230 mm, resolution (max.): 1,000 dpi, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Suitable for professional engraving and cutting of various materials such as wood, acrylic, glass, plastic, and metal! TECHNICAL DETAILS Laser power: 80 W Laser source: Synrad HF-CO₂ laser source Table size/working area: 1,000 x 600 mm Maximum workpiece height: 230 mm Maximum resolution: 1,000 dpi Maximum cutting speed: 3,200 mm/s MACHINE DETAILS Power supply: 230 V Dimensions & Weight Machine dimensions (L x W x H): 1,480 x 900 x 1,120 mm Machine weight: 300 kg EQUIPMENT Dsdpfozx Dz Hjx Ab Decl Microsonic autofocus sensor for automatic distance detection and precise focusing LED interior lighting Rotary engraving device for cylindrical workpieces External extraction system Durable Synrad CO₂ laser source

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 230 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, laser power: 20 W, laser wavelength: 1,064 nm, scan area length: 110 mm, scan area width: 110 mm, type of input current: AC, laser type: fiber laser, The LAS 22 is a compact tabletop unit with a small working area, ideally suited for small parts. Due to its small size, the unit is very practical and can be used anywhere. The device is very easy to operate without programming knowledge - Fiber laser 20 Watt (Optional: 30 Watt) - Laser class 1 - Wavelength 1064nm - Marking field size 110 x110mm - marking software EZCAD in German / English - Pilot laser (simple preview/contour) - Focus finder (simple focusing) - Max. Component height approx. 95 mm - Grid holes for fixtures - Clamping area 310x190mm - Electrically adjustable Z-axis - Electric door with anti-trap protection - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - Welded steel plate construction - Connection 230V - Air cooled - Laptop with Windows operating system (German or English) - dimensions: LBH 600x 400x 690 mm - weight: approx. 45 Kg Dcjdpow Et Ilsfx Ab Dsl - low operating costs - marking of various materials

Year of construction: 2011, condition: ready for operation (used), A CNC laser marking and engraving system for component marking is available. Laser class: 1, laser type: diode-pumped Yb laser, laser power: 20W, axis travel X/Y/Z: 390mm/560mm/275mm, max. workpiece dimensions X/Y/Z: 730mm/365mm/445mm, max. workpiece weight: 50kg, control system: AC-Laser. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Dodpeyuyvtjfx Ab Dscl

Year of construction: 2020, condition: excellent (used), 2020 Coherent EasyJewel 5 Premium Desktop Class 1 Fibre Laser Marking and Engraving System With Rotary Axis Djdpjzvpy Nofx Ab Dscl The Coherent EasyJewel 5 Is A Premium Desktop Class 1 Fibre Laser Marking & Engraving System Designed Primarily For Jewellery, Watches, Medical Devices, Precision Engineering & Small Industrial Components. It Is Capable Of High-Resolution Engraving, Deep Engraving, Annealing, 2D Code Marking, Optional 3D Engraving Using Coherent's Laser Suite Software. Chamber Dimension W300 x D200 x H120mm. Marking Field Options Standard Lenses Include Fields Like 120 x 120mm, 180 x 180mm, or 240 x 240mm. Pulse Width 4 to 200ns. Pilot Lase: 660nm (Visible Red Guide). 'Z' Axis Travel 120mm. Voltage 230V. S/No. 40475422 (2020). With BOFA Extraction & Filtration Unit, Laptop With Software, EasyJewel Special Ring Holders, EasyJewel Chuck For Bangle/Bracelet Marking & EasyJewel Chuck For Irregular Shaped Rings. Overall Dimensions L770 x W540 x H750mm. Weight Approx. 87kg.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, Type Scorpion (W/S) Year 2006 In our opinion, the machine is in good used condition condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Accessories, tools and clamping devices shown are only part of the scope of delivery if this is noted in the additional information. Dcjdpfx Ajxrg Dksb Dsl Changes and errors in the technical data and information as well as Subject to prior sale!

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 45 kg, total length: 600 mm, total width: 400 mm, total height: 690 mm, laser power: 20 W, laser wavelength: 1,064 nm, type of cooling: air, The LAS 22 is a compact tabletop unit with a small working area, ideally suited for small parts. Due to its small size, the unit is very practical and can be used anywhere. The device is very easy to operate without programming knowledge - Fiber laser 20 Watt (Optional: 30 Watt) - Laser class 1 - Wavelength 1064nm - Marking field size 110 x110mm - marking software EZCAD in German / English - Pilot laser (simple preview/contour) - Focus finder (simple focusing) - Max. Component height approx. 95 mm - Grid holes for fixtures - Clamping area 310x190mm - Electrically adjustable Z-axis - Electric door with anti-trap protection - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - Welded steel plate construction - Connection 230V - Air cooled Dcodpfx Abexqhnzo Dol - Laptop with Windows operating system (German or English) - dimensions: LBH 600x 400x 690 mm - weight: approx. 45 Kg - low operating costs - marking of various materials

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 500 h, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: electric, laser type: fiber laser, laser power: 3,000 W, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 16 mm, sheet thickness brass (max.): 6 mm, table length: 2,000 mm, table width: 1,000 mm, working length: 1,000 mm, working width: 700 mm, Equipment: CE marking, cooling unit, documentation/manual, Laser Cutting Machine Brand: BODOR - TUV - CE - with pneumatic clamping table Type: i5 Table: 1500x700mm Laser: 3000W (required for brass) Including pneumatic clamps/table Main components: 1. Bodorgenius Autofocus laser head 2. Cast iron machine bed 3. Japan YASKAWA servo motor 4. Taiwan ball screw 5. Japan Omron electric component 6. Taiwan square guide rail 7. Exhaust system 8. CW water chiller 9. Bodorpro 2.0 control system 10. Green glass 11. Automatic lubrication device 12. Wifi wireless control 13. Closed protective cover 14. 21.5-inch touchscreen 15. Scan cut (special for high-reflective materials) Technical parameters: Max cutting area: 700*1500mm Dcodpfx Ajyq R N Nob Dol X/Y axis positioning accuracy: 0.05mm X/Y axis reposition accuracy: 0.03mm X/Y axis max movement speed: 60m/min Max acceleration: 1.5G Max load capacity: 250kg Dimensions (L*W*H): 2980×2220×1970mm Total weight: 2000kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2020, A Panasonic laser marking machine (laser marking station) with a defective laser head is available. Travel X/Y/Z: 500mm/430mm/350mm, marking range X/Y/Z: 720mm/430mm/350mm, machine dimensions X/Y: approx. 800mm/1900mm. Documentation available. On-site inspection is possible. Dcedpfx Absv Rfqqe Dsl

Year of construction: 2008, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Djdpfezy Ullox Ab Dscl TECHNICAL DETAILS Laser technology Machine type: Laser welding system Manufacturer: Trumpf Model: TLC 1000 P Year of manufacture: 2008 (?) MACHINE DETAILS No further technical data available. EQUIPMENT No reliable information available regarding the equipment.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 312x410x739 mm Weight 90 kg Dsdpfjvz Hh Sox Ab Djcl Total power requirement 2 kw

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 960x900x1460 mm Weight 100 kg Dsdpfx Absvz Hm Uo Decl Total power requirement 2 kw

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, 2D / 3D FIBER LASER MARKING MACHINE skylaser Mark - 2D 3D optional fiber laser engraving / marking laser is the complete solution for your complex laser engraving - Applications Our systems are used skylaser Mark exactly where the conventional CO2 laser technology has its limits. By means of the fiber laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm can also be realized delicate structures in almost any material. In contrast to conventional milling process, the laser operates without contact, without force and without tool wear. Benefits in your application is the geometric flexibility and high machining accuracy. Regardless of the hardness of the workpiece to be machined, this type of processing to be applied. With the work table adjustable to your needs and increases the flexibility of the mobile system. You can easily integrate the system into your production line, or operate as a stand-alone solution. Our Mark skylaser provide very precise and permanent markers (laser engraved) and the laser application area metal and certain organic substances suitable for the special. The use of a variety of fonts, apply bar codes, serial numbers, logos, and images is easily possible. Thanks to the excellent resolution almost all requirements of marking tasks can be solved. Manufacture of stamping dies, engraving, labels and more complex, fine structures, the software is extremely user friendly. Even very complex and elaborate marking tasks can be easily supplied to the industrial PC to easily create. The exact positioning is done in no time, thanks to the Optional camera for process monitoring and tracking software-based workpiece alignment. 2D / 3D FIBER LASER MARKING MACHINE skylaser Mark - 2D 3D optional fiber laser engraving / marking laser is the complete solution for your complex laser engraving - Applications Our systems are used skylaser Mark exactly where the conventional CO2 laser technology has its limits. By means of the fiber laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm can also be realized delicate structures in almost any material. In contrast to conventional milling process, the laser operates without contact, without force and without tool wear. Benefits in your application is the geometric flexibility and high machining accuracy. Regardless of the hardness of the workpiece to be machined, this type of processing to be applied. With the work table adjustable to your needs and increases the flexibility of the mobile system. You can easily integrate the system into your production line, or operate as a stand-alone solution. Our Mark skylaser provide very precise and permanent markers (laser engraved) and the laser application area metal and certain organic substances suitable for the special. The use of a variety of fonts, apply bar codes, serial numbers, logos, and images is easily possible. Thanks to the excellent resolution almost all requirements of marking tasks can be solved. Manufacture of stamping dies, engraving, labels and more complex, fine structures, the software is extremely user friendly. Even very complex and elaborate marking tasks can be easily supplied to the industrial PC to easily create. The exact positioning is done in no time, thanks to the Optional camera for process monitoring and tracking software-based workpiece alignment. Dcjdpfx Abobnpd No Dol Views housing patterns: We adapt "us" and your machine to your tasks!

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2010, Submitting a bid obligates you to collect the item by September 21, 2026! TECHNICAL DETAILS Sheet size: max. 3,048 x 1,524 mm Z-axis stroke: 70 mm Dcodszwmn Tepfx Ab Djl Sheet thickness steel: 20 mm Sheet thickness stainless steel: 20 mm Sheet thickness aluminum: 12 mm Positional deviation Pa: ± 0.1 mm/m Positional scatter Ps: ± 0.05 mm Table load capacity: 750 kg Table changeover time: approx. 35 s Positioning speed X/Y axis parallel: max. 100 m/min Positioning speed X/Y axis simultaneous: max. 140 m/min Axis acceleration X/Y: max. 12 m/s² Cutting speed: max. 50 m/min MACHINE DETAILS Beam source: ByLaser 4400 Laser type: CO₂ laser Laser power: max. 4,400 W Wavelength: 10,600 nm Machine weight: 12,000 kg Laser weight: 1,700 kg EQUIPMENT 2 cutting heads with 5-inch and 7.5-inch lenses

Condition: repair required (used), functionality: not functional, Year of construction: 2000, operating hours: 50,000 h, machine/vehicle number: L00620269, Replaced LASMAC LC-1212 x III laser machine, not working could be renovated or would be suitable for spare parts and dismantling for scrap. Dcodpfjw Dqt Nex Ab Dsl