Used Fully-Automatic L-Bar Shrink Wrapper for sale (81,829)

Year of construction: 2020, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, This new brewery, still wrapped in plastic from the production factory, has been purchased in 2020 but was never installed after planning permission failed by the local government. So, it's a complete set, see details, alle brand new (!) but for a very attractive price. New it will be approx. 640K, this one is for 360.000€. All manuals etc available, as well as a plan for installation with support from manufacturer (separate billing). PLEASE NOTE: WE DO NOT SUPPLY VISA / WE DO NOT PROVIDE SPREAD PAYMENT. We are a brewery, not a trader nor manufacturer. Dkodpfx Aezz Rbxsl Ssu

Year of construction: 2012, condition: good (used), Shrink packaging FL5545TB L sealer and shrink tunnel Dedpepm D T Ujfx Al Sjku Serial: 872 2012, L sealer on conveyor, sealing bars 550mm x 450mm, into shrink tunnel, aperture 400mm x 220mm, variable speed conveyor and adjustable temperature controls, mobile, 3Ph

Year of construction: 2013, condition: ready for operation (used), Mariani Shrink film wrapper Model: TRM 700-LF-I YOM 2013 Including in/outfeed conveyor system Working width: 700mm Dkodpfxeyilyqo Al Sju Cardboard Trays – Cases with protective shrinked film Portion packs : 3 x 8 – 3 x 9 – 3 x 10 Family packs : 2 x 6 – 3 x 4 Output: Max 25 trays per min, varying according to the format required Dimensions machine (LxWxH): 5000x1400x2100mm

Condition: excellent (used), Professional fire-fighting motor pump from the renowned German manufacturer Ziegler (Albert Ziegler GmbH). This device is designed for water transfer—ideal for fire departments, agriculture, construction sites, and industrial applications. Robust, compact build on a transport frame (can be transported with a forklift truck). The pump is in good technical condition and complete as shown in the photos. Technical data: - Manufacturer: Ziegler (Germany) - Model: TS 8/8 - Year of manufacture: 1992 - Output: 800 l/min - Operating pressure: 8 bar - Speed: 4,400 rpm - Engine: petrol/gasoline - Operating hours: approx. 56 h - Weight: approx. 143 kg (ready for operation) - Standard: DIN 14410 / 14420 Condition: - Used - Normal signs of use - Technically flawless and fully operational Djdpfxoy D An Ss Al Ssku Scope of delivery: - Ziegler motor pump - Firefighting couplings - Complete set as shown in the photos Additional information: - The price refers to 1 unit of the pump - Sold as shown in the pictures - Can be shipped on a pallet or collected in person

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2015, Packaging capacity: 60/min, max. product width: 450mm, max. product height: 200mm, conveyor speed: 8m-30m/min, film thickness range: 10µm-80µm, max. temperature: 170°C, total output: 25kW. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 4000mm/2400mm/1800mm, weight: approx. 1500kg, control: Delta. Documentation available. On-site inspection is possible. Djdpfx Aloudm A Ao Seku

Condition: excellent (used), Semi-automatic pallet wrapper Inventory no. 3701 Manufacturer: de Wit Model: WP 2 * Turntable positioning via fixed stop * Adjustable number of bottom and top wraps * Turntable diameter: 1650 mm * Max. wrapping height approx. 2400 mm * Suitable for Euro pallets and block pallets!!! Dkodpfxeyb A T Uj Al Sju * Own weight approx. 500 kg

Year of construction: 2017, condition: excellent (used), Pipe cutting system with optical laser marking detection The FZH Vario Flex is a fully automated pipe cutting system. It is specifically designed for the precise and reliable cutting of stainless steel pipes (e.g., for fuel, brake, air conditioning, or hydraulic lines). The system features optical laser marking detection. The control panel allows you to choose whether the cut is triggered mechanically (e.g., on the back of a union nut) or fully automatically via the optical detection of a laser marking applied to the pipe. Thanks to the integrated rotating 3-jaw cutting head and a micro-spraying unit (minimum quantity lubrication), the processing is extremely tool-friendly. The pipes remain almost completely dry and free of coarse contamination. The entire process, from loading to clamping, cutting, and unloading, is highly automated and carried out in a material-saving cycle. Fully integrated labeling & traceability system: The system is designed for modern quality standards (Industry 4.0 / Automotive). After the cutting process, the barcode label is automatically generated, assigned, and printed for complete part traceability (traceability & system logging directly integrated). Due to two separate box output stations (rear sluices with sliding doors), the system automatically switches to the second station when a box is full. The removal of the finished KLT boxes takes place in parallel with the main operating time without machine downtime. Advantages of the Vario cutting head series compared to conventional cutting methods Shortest changeover times in non-cutting separation Material-saving and free of contaminants Chip-free Easy to maintain No cooling and lubricating agents required Short processing times Cuts all common materials Can be combined with common pipe magazines or from a coil Special designs are possible Technical data & capacities Maximum pipe length (feed): 1,000 mm Material specification: Optimized for stainless steel pipes (also with pre-assembled union nuts or crimped ends) Sensors & positioning: Optical sensors for the automatic detection of laser markings on the workpiece Feed system: Automatic drum magazine / vertical disc feed (for manual or automatic loading) Length adjustment: Manually adjustable to different pipe lengths using a mechanical handwheel Cutting method: Chip-removing sawing / Rotating cutting head with three-jaw clamping and cutting mechanism (up to 600 rpm) Coolant system: Integrated micro-spraying unit (MMS) for minimum quantity lubrication Control: Siemens SIMATIC HMI industrial PC with TFT monitor, keyboard and mouse Setup operation: Mobile Siemens Teach-In terminal for manual axis configuration and position storage Integrated labeling and barcode printing system Enclosure: Aluminum profile system with safety polycarbonate windows Logistics / output Integrated box placement station 2 separate box output stations for rear removal via protected sluice systems with sliding doors Suitable for standardized KLT containers (600x400 mm and 400x300 mm) Manufacturer: FZH Engineering GmbH Type / Platform: Vario Flex Year of manufacture: 2017 Material: Stainless steel Cutting head: Vario flex Special features: Pipes with union nuts Diameter Ø 6-76 mm Output length L = 150-1,000 mm Separation based on laser marking Dkjdezw Ukcjpfx Al Seu Wall thicknesses: 1 to 1.3 mm Condition: The system is in excellent optical and mechanical condition.

Year of construction: 2010, condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 3302, Outer diameter of the core: 450-600 mm; Outer diameter of the flange: max. 1200 mm; winding width: 100–400 mm. Smooth tube with an outer diameter of 10-40 mm, or corrugated tube with an outer diameter of 40-110 mm, max. 20 m/min. Dsdpfx Aszp Dw Nsl Sjku

Condition: used, Automatic rebar mesh welding machine MCC001 The machine is designed for welding steel reinforcement mesh from previously shortened reinforcements for rods that comply with the EN 10080 standard. Technical data: Diameter of reinforcing bars: 4mm, 5mm, 6mm Number of longitudinal bars: 2 – 12 Length of longitudinal bars: 200mm – 3000mm Minimum step between longitudinal bars: 100mm Pitch of crossbars: 10mm – 999mm Length of crossbars: 100mm – 1250mm Screen moving speed: 0.1m/s – 1m/s Compression force: 60kg – 190kg Productivity: 1 cycle/minute Electricity: Supply voltage: 400V Voltage frequency: 50Hz Connection type: TN-C Power: 100kVA Higher engine power: 0.8 kW Power of one welding transformer: 35 kVa Pneumatic indicators: Working medium: Compressed air Djdsymcpyopfx Al Seku Working pressure: 6 bar Air consumption: 250 l/min Cooling: Cooling type: water cooling Circulation type: forced circulation Maximum incoming heat carrier temperature: 35 °C Heat carrier consumption: 60 l/min Diameter of reinforcing bars: 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm Number of longitudinal bars: 2 – 12 Length of longitudinal bars: 200 mm – 3.000 mm Minimum step between longitudinal bars: 100 mm Pitch of crossbars: 10 mm – 999 mm Length of crossbars: 100 mm – 1250 mm Screen moving speed: 0.1 m/s – 1 m/s Compression force: 60 kg – 190 kg Productivity: 1 cycle/minute Supply voltage: 400 V Voltage frequency: 50 Hz Connection type: TN-C Power: 100 kVA Higher engine power: 0.8 kW Working medium: Compressed air Working pressure: 6 bar Air consumption: 250 l/min Cooling type: water cooling Circulation type: forced circulation Heat carrier consumption: 60 l/min

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2010, Wraps A700S Shrink sleeve wrapper A700S shrink wrapper, sleeve wrapper machine, sealing bar 750mm width, max product 600mm x 400mm, ideal for trays, bottles, cans, food, drinks, toiletries and more, mobile, 3Ph Dodpfx Aljwp Iuuj Ssku

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Fully automatic and efficient packaging process realizable by AMTEC’s speed shrink Complete System 35M. That system includes: Shrink Wrapper speed shrink 35M (vertical), SHRINKtunnel-POF-M (high speed ), infeed and outfeed conveyors. Features and specifications of the shrink wrapper: M-version of vertically working L-bar shrink wrapper. The sealing unit uses 4 pillars to work vertically in a very stable way with very even pressure on the shrink film. Provides excellent sealing effect with minimized wrinkle effect. The sealing frame height and sealing stroke can be modified. Easy adjustable perforation location. Optional available: infeed systems for CD, DVD, etc. - Specifications: max. speed of the machine in neutral: 35 cycles/minute; packing sizes: (L + H) max. 500mm provided that H < 180mm and (W + H) max. 400mm provided that H < 180mm; length of sealing blades: horizontal = 623mm, vertical = 550mm; power: 220V/2.8kW; machine dimensions: L1850xW1350xH1300mm; weight: 800kg. - Specifications of the shrink tunnel: high speed shrinking with 0-20m/min for POF (Polyolefin) film; max. packaging size: W400xH250; tunnel size: L1500xW500xH300mm; power: 380V, max. 16kW; machine dimensions: L1800xW990xH1300mm; weight: 650kg. Dimensions of infeed and outfeed conveyors: L1000mmxW450mm each. Total dimensions LxWxH: approx. 5650x1350x1300mm. Dsdpfx Aljv Nl A Rs Seku Please note that our new prices are often below the usual used prices. Please feel free to inquire and tell us your packaging task. - Usually 30-50 different new machines are available immediately from stock. In addition, we have very short delivery times from approx. 3 weeks for customized machines. Deviations from the sample photo are possible. - All machines are available with full warranty.

Condition: excellent (used), BIO-CIRCLE Dsdpfxszgclmj Al Sjku Type: RWR 80L Auto KST Description: RWR 80 L KST Fully automatic PLC parts cleaning system The RWR systems from Bio-Circle are the optimal solution for cleaning internal circuit systems without dismantling. The unit is space-saving, quiet and very easy to operate. Due to the completely closed system, there is no odor nuisance from the cleaner or the dirty water. External dimensions: approx. 1200 x 800 x 1050 mm Power supply: 400 V 50 Hz, 16A CEE 5p 6h plug Drain: 1 1/4" outlet Technical specifications: Type of contamination: Limescale, rust (mineral), oil, grease Quantity of parts: Individual parts, small series, low quantities Component geometry: Whole components (without dismantling) Quality seals: Stainless steel, service package available Maximum filling capacity: 80 L Tank material: V2A stainless steel Electrical connection: 400V / 50 Hz Heater: 4.5 kW Flow rate: 25 l/min Temperature (preset): 60 °C Total weight of the cleaning system without tank filling: 180 kg Application area: The RWR 80 L KST fully automatic PLC has been developed for the field of plastic injection molding and can be used wherever cooling channels (circuit systems, lines) need to be cleaned. Application: Fill the RWR 80 L KST fully automatic PLC with Power Cleaner KST 2.0. Once the minimum fill level is reached and the system is switched on, the system begins to heat up. During the heating-up period, the system can already be connected to the tool via the two hoses. The 5-stage cleaning program and the change of flow direction run automatically, after the instructions displayed on the screen have been confirmed. Condition: used Scope of supply: (See picture) (Changes and errors in the technical data, specifications are subject to change!) We would be happy to answer any further questions you may have on the phone.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Fully automatic and efficient packaging process realizable by AMTEC’s speed shrink Complete System 35XL. That system includes: Shrink Wrapper speed shrink 35XL (vertical), SHRINKtunnel-POF-XL (high speed ), infeed and outfeed conveyors. Features and specifications of the shrink wrapper: XL-version of vertically working L-bar shrink wrapper. The sealing unit uses 4 pillars to work vertically in a very stable way with very even pressure on the shrink film. Provides excellent sealing effect with minimized wrinkle effect. The sealing frame height and sealing stroke can be modified. Easy adjustable perforation location. Optional available: infeed systems for CD, DVD, etc. - Specifications: max. speed of the machine in neutral: 35 cycles/minute; packing sizes: (L + H) max. 800mm provided that H < 180mm and (W + H) max. 650mm provided that H < 180mm; max. length of sealing blades: horizontal = 903mm, vertical = 750mm; power: 220V/3.5kW; machine dimensions: L2430xW1550xH1300mm; weight: 930kg. Specifications of the shrink tunnel: high speed shrinking with 0-20 m/min for POF (Polyolefin) film; max. packaging size: W700xH250; tunnel size: L1500xW800xH300mm; power: 380V, max. 20kW; machine dimensions: L1800xW1290xH1300mm; weight: 750kg. Dimensions of infeed and outfeed conveyors: L1000mmxW800mm each. Total dimensions LxWxH: approx. 6230x1550x1300mm. Please note that our new prices are often below the usual used prices. Please feel free to inquire and tell us your packaging task. - Usually 30-50 different new machines are available immediately from stock. In addition, we have very short delivery times from approx. 3 weeks for customized machines. Deviations from the sample photo are possible. - All machines are available with full warranty. Dkjdpfxjv Nl Dhs Al Ssu

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Fully automatic and efficient packaging process realizable by AMTEC’s speed shrink Complete System 35L. That system includes: Shrink Wrapper speed shrink 35L (vertical), SHRINKtunnel-POF-L (high speed ), infeed and outfeed conveyors. Features and specifications of the shrink wrapper: L-version of vertically working L-bar shrink wrapper. The sealing unit uses 4 pillars to work vertically in a very stable way with very even pressure on the shrink film. Provides excellent sealing effect with minimized wrinkle effect. The sealing frame height and sealing stroke can be modified. Easy adjustable perforation location. Optional available: infeed systems for CD, DVD, etc. - Specifications: max. speed of the machine in neutral: 35 cycles/minute; packing sizes: (L + H) max. 600mm provided that H < 180mm and (W + H) max. 500mm provided that H < 180mm; length of sealing blades: horizontal = 703mm, vertical = 550mm; power: 220V/3.2kW; machine dimensions: L2015xW1470xH1300mm; weight: 850kg. Specifications of the shrink tunnel: high speed shrinking with 0-20 m/min for POF (Polyolefin) film; max. packaging size: W550xH250; tunnel size: L1500xW650xH300mm; power: 380V, max. 18kW; machine dimensions: L1800xW1140xH1300mm; weight: 700kg. Dimensions of infeed and outfeed conveyors: L1000mmxW600mm each. Total dimensions LxWxH: approx. 5815x1470x1300mm. Please note that our new prices are often below the usual used prices. Please feel free to inquire and tell us your packaging task. - Usually 30-50 different new machines are available immediately from stock. In addition, we have very short delivery times from approx. 3 weeks for customized machines. Deviations from the sample photo are possible. - All machines are available with full warranty. Dkodpfev Nl Dbox Al Ssu

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, This machine is capable of producing bent bolts with threads on one end (eye bolt) or both ends (u bolt) Dkodpfozt S U Rex Al Seu

Condition: good (used), Adpak A700 Sleeve wrapper Adpak Easy700 shrink wrapper, sleeve wrapper machine, sealing bar 750mm width, max product 600mm x 400mm, ideal for trays, bottles, cans, food, drinks, toiletries and more, mobile, 3Ph Dksdpfov E Rrvsx Al Sju

Condition: excellent (used), Corner sealing machine with shrink tunnel For sale is a professional, semi-automatic corner sealing machine with an integrated shrink tunnel from the Italian quality manufacturer Pactur. It is ideal for quickly and professionally shrink-wrapping cartons, books, bottles, textiles or other packaged goods in shrink film. The Ladypack 80/SI model is characterized by its enormous flexibility and very large sealing frame. It combines the sealing and shrinking processes in a compact, mobile unit, which saves a great deal of space in the production hall. Impulse sealing system: The corner sealer uses a Teflon-coated sealing bar. It produces clean, extremely tear-resistant seams without smoke development. Efficient shrink tunnel: The integrated tunnel has a closed recirculating air system with adjustable air deflection plates. This ensures a completely uniform heat distribution and a perfectly smooth shrink result – even with demanding product geometries. Precise digital control: The clear control panel allows the sealing time, cooling time of the sealing bar and the tunnel temperature to be precisely adjusted to the film thickness used (PO, PE or PVC). Heavy-duty conveyor belt: The tunnel is equipped with a durable, heat-resistant metal grid belt. It reliably transports even heavy packaged goods (e.g. printed materials, canned goods or wooden parts). Ergonomic infeed table: The separate, mobile preparation table enables quick loading of products into the half-tube film. The film unwinding is smooth and easy thanks to ball bearings. Perfectly suitable for printing companies, logistics centers, laundries or contract packers for shrink-wrapping: - Cartons and multi-packs - Books, catalogs and stacks of magazines - Textiles and household goods - Bottle carriers and cans Technical data & equipment: Manufacturer: Pactur (Made in Italy) Model: Ladypack 80 series Type: Corner sealer & shrink tunnel combination Sealing frame dimensions: approx. 560 x 800 mm (for medium to large packaged goods) Control: Digital control unit for precise adjustment of sealing time and tunnel temperature Transport: Robust and heat-resistant metal grid belt in the shrink tunnel Power supply: 380 V / 3 phases Max. power consumption: 11.5 kW Mobility: The entire system and the separate infeed table are mounted on stable swivel casters Max. film roll width 700 mm Max. film roll diameter Ø 250 mm External dimensions (length x width x height): approx. 1,800 mm x 2,000 mm x 1,120 mm Max. product height: approx. 150 mm (due to the design in the tunnel passage) Dkodpfx Aez Dtf Ael Sju Net weight: approx. 400 kg "Everything from a single source: We would be happy to offer you suitable bank financing for your project." More items - new and used - can be found in our shop! International shipping costs on request!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, Hydrafeed Top Fusion 3.2 metre automatic bar feed. Dkjdpfx Aevzzzmjl Sou Built in 2023, but never used or fitted to a machine, so still mostly in original packaging. Capable of holding up to 3.2m bar lengths with automatic adjustment to take bars from 8mm to 51mm diameter. We just don't have the space in our new building to fit it to our DMG turnmill machines, so had to buy the 1.5 metre versions instead. Cost £28,750 + VAT new, so >40% saving on list price for what is still a brand new machine.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, total length: 2,893 mm, total height: 1,585 mm, total width: 1,240 mm, warranty duration: 12 months, type of input current: AC, product height (max.): 240 mm, product length (max.): 600 mm, product width (max.): 400 mm, input voltage: 230 V, Pratika 56 MPE X2 The Minipack Pratika MPE X2 is a proven, fully automatic machine for manufacturing shrink film packaging. This machine is highly versatile and user-friendly, making it suitable for a wide range of products in both food and non-food sectors. • Fully automatic L-sealer with brushless motors and modern PLC control with a 7” color display • Simple operation • Storage of up to 128 recipes including product images • Quick product changeovers Dsdpfex Tp H Tjx Al Sjku • Up to 3,600 units per hour • Convenient and fast product changeovers • Max. product dimensions: 600 x 400 x 240 mm • Machine dimensions: 2,480 x 1,240 x 1,675 mm • No compressed air required! • Doors on both sides of the machine • Machine interior equipped with lighting

Year of construction: 2000, condition: good (used), Semi-automatic pallet wrapping machine, stretch wrapping machine Design with horseshoe-shaped turntable for easy loading with a pallet truck Semi-automatic pallet wrapping machine Manufacturer: Siat Dodpfx Alspygwqe Sjku Type: HSD 312-S Model A 400 Volts / 50 Hz Year of manufacture: 2000 Pallet wrapping machine Capacity: 1200 kg Turntable: with fork opening Turntable diameter: 1500 mm Adjustable turntable rotation speed Motorized film pre-stretch adjustable to 100% or 200% Turntable height: 75 mm Wrapping programs Program 1: Double wrapping with lifting and lowering of the film carriage Program 2: Double wrapping with lifting – pause for attaching the top cover of the pallet – and lowering of the film carriage Program 3: Simple wrapping with only lifting of the film carriage Program 4: Simple wrapping with lifting of the film carriage and pause for attaching the top cover Intended use Re-wrapping palletized loads with stretch film or netting pallet wrapping machine Maximum pallet dimensions: L = 1200 mm W = 800 mm H = 2100 mm kg = 1200 pallet wrapping machine, stretch wrapping machine More items – new and used – can be found in our shop! International shipping costs available upon request!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, T460 Fully Automatic Solid Wood Saw 12 m Fully automatic cutting of medium-large timber with simple-to-use automation. Put down any wood and the machine will automatically detect it and cut it into jobs tasked with high-accuracy servo motor material positioning. Excel job lists WIFI input for streamlined input of large cutting lists. Optional fully automatic inline optimiser. Automatic measuring of timber lengths using a laser sensor and on-the-fly job list optimisation against the length measured for minimised wastage in offcuts. Automatic printing of job / part number labels for each part produced (optional). • Fully-automatic cutting operation with bar feeding and cutting to length. • Simple user interface for automatic operation, enter job and cut in seconds. • Simplified part, batch, or large excel lists job cutting. • Bundled / multi-bar cutting and counting. • Remote WIFI excel job lists input with extensive data mapping capabilities. • Fully adjustable saw cutting and timber feeding rates for maximum process productivity. • Automatic labels printing for parts using data from the job list (manual label application, optional). • Inline direct-to-material printing with no operator action required (optional). • Bar codes or QR codes printing or scanning for jobs input (optional). Highly suitable for: • Frame and truss manufacture • Pallets manufacture • Windows and doors manufacture • Furniture manufacture • Bulk timber cutting Model: T460 Length: 12 m Linear Unit: ProfiStop Omicron Material Length: 1123 mm Pushing capacity: 60 – 120 kg Software: Optimiser Dkedpfx Aomcct Ael Sju QUALITY AUSTRALIAN-MADE MACHINES.

Year of construction: 2018, condition: good (used), Fully automatic angle welder / Dedpfotzcd Sjx Al Ssku Fully automatic side welding machine Manufacturer: Diez Type: AWS-C 9070 CS Year of manufacture: 2018 Shrink tunnel Manufacturer: Diez Type: HTC 122-40D Year of manufacture: 2018 Operating side: Left when facing the direction of travel Passage width: approx. 600 mm Passage height: approx. 190 mm Welding length: approx. 900 mm Working height / belt height, infeed/outfeed: approx. 860 mm + 100 Performance: Up to 30 cycles/min (depending on package size and feed speed) Connection voltage: 230 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 phase + N + PE Power consumption: 3.5 kW Rated current: 10 A With cable and 16 A Schuko plug Compressed air connection: 6 bar External dimensions: Length: 2600 mm Width: 2000 mm Height: 1500 mm 51026ä

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, For sale is a WMF 5000-S-Plus fully automatic coffee machine. The machine is sold with all accessories, as shown in the pictures. Dedpfxsw S T Hto Al Seku Viewings are possible at any time and with short notice, subject to prior appointment. VAT is shown separately!

Condition: excellent (used), Automatic machine with product feed conveyor in line set up for manual loading of the product on the belt or inserted in completely automatic lines. Suitable for packaging individual or already packaged products such as boxes, trays, hanks of cable, parquettes, or light to very light products with a minimum height of 3mm such as boxes, linen, reams of paper, magazines, leaflets. In production up to 23.09.2026 Price € 7,995.00 Quantity 2 machines available Dodpfx Alez D Uguj Ssku Shipping can be arranged for the buyer

Year of construction: 2020, condition: excellent (used), Manufacturer : Smipack Model: BP800AR 280ST Dksdezhmbbopfx Al Sju Year : 2020 Type : Automatic monobloc shrinkwrapper