Used Knuth Milling Machines Knuth Eco-Mill 450 2007 for sale (72,155)

Condition: used, Gebr. Thiel Duplex 159 Universal Milling Machine with DRO High quality German-built Gebr. Thiel Duplex 159 universal milling machine in good used industrial condition. Precision toolroom machine fitted with Newall digital readout (DRO), swivel vice and universal milling head. Pgsdpfxjy R D E Eo Apvjl Well regarded for accuracy, rigidity and versatility, these machines are ideal for toolrooms, precision engineering, prototyping, maintenance workshops and general machining applications. Machine Details: Manufacturer: Gebr. Thiel GmbH Model: Duplex 159 Universal milling machine 380V 3 phase Newall DRO fitted Swivel machine vice included Universal adjustable milling head Horizontal and vertical milling capability Coolant tray and lubrication system Features: Precision table feeds Heavy cast iron construction Fine feed controls Toolroom quality machine Ideal for precision engineering work Condition: Good used workshop condition with normal cosmetic wear for age. Machine is complete and operational. A highly sought after universal milling machine with excellent build quality. Loading available on site. Transport can be arranged. Viewing welcome. Open to sensible offers.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1984, functionality: fully functional, feed length X-axis: 500 mm, feed length Y-axis: 400 mm, feed length Z-axis: 400 mm, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, rotational speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, rotational speed (min.): 50 rpm, input voltage: 400 V, Deckel FP4M Universal Milling Machine in excellent technical and optical condition. Machine no. 2203-1389 Year of manufacture: 1984. Technical specifications: - Working travel X/Y/Z: 500/400/400 mm - Speed range: 50 - 2500 rpm - Power: 3.7 / 4.4 kW - Spindle brake - Auto feed: X-Y-Z infinitely variable 6.3 / 630mm/min - Rapid traverse X-Y-Z 1300mm/min - Fixed angle table - Vertical quill 90mm stroke - Tool holder ISO 40/M16 - Weight approx. 1500 kg Machine options: Pgedeytb Uhopfx Apvel - 3-axis Heidenhain digital readout - Coolant system - Chip tray - Central lubrication - Automatic pulse lubrication on milling head - Machine books with spare parts list and electrical diagrams

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1989, functionality: fully functional, feed length X-axis: 300 mm, feed length Y-axis: 160 mm, feed length Z-axis: 340 mm, travel distance X-axis: 300 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 160 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 340 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 40 rpm, Deckel FP1 milling machine with Heidenhain TNC113 digital readout in very good condition. Technical specifications: Year of manufacture: 1989 Machine no.: 2102-5533 * Speed: 40 - 2000 rpm Pgsdsytcaropfx Apvol * Infinitely variable feed on 3 axes * Rapid traverse on 3 axes * Spindle brake * Table movement X/Y/Z: 300/160/340 mm * Vertical milling head can be adjusted 100 mm on the spindle block * Vertical quill * Drawbar system SK40/M16 * Weight approx. 800 kg Accessories and equipment: 3-axis digital readout Heidenhain TNC113 Coolant system Central lubrication Operating manual, spare parts diagram

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 700 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 490 mm, table width: 305 mm, table length: 1,100 mm, overall weight: 2,000 kg, input voltage: 400 V, Schaublin 53 in good condition. ISO-40. 5.1 kW. Pgodoy A Nbiopfx Apvjl

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1996, feed length X-axis: 700 mm, feed length Y-axis: 550 mm, feed length Z-axis: 500 mm, travel distance X-axis: 700 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 550 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, feed rate X-axis: 10,000 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 10,000 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 10,000 m/min, spindle speed (max.): 4,500 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 25 rpm, rapid traverse X-axis: 10,000 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 10,000 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 10,000 m/min, mount diameter: 40 mm, table length: 1,000 mm, table width: 500 mm, overall weight: 3,500 kg, X-axis / longitudinal 700 mm Y-axis / transverse 550 mm Z-axis / vertical 500 mm Table dimensions 1000 x 500 mm Spindle speed range stepless in 3 gear steps 25 - 4200 rpm Tool holder SK 40 Feed range X-Y-Z 1 - 10000 mm/min Rapid traverse X-Y-Z 10000 mm/min Weight approx. 3500 kg Control: Heidenhain TNC 407 - TNC 415 Pgsdoxg Rxbepfx Apvsl

Condition: used, total height: 2,150 mm, total width: 2,200 mm, total length: 2,350 mm, Colour: Green Empty weight: 4.000 kg Price: On request - Documentation available: No - CE certificate present: No - Drive system: Conventional - Horizontal/vertical: vertical - Number of axes [pcs]: 3 - X-axis travel [mm]: 1300 - Y-axis travel [mm]: 500 - Z-axis travel [mm]: 500 - B-axis rotation [°]: 360 - C-axis rotation [°]: 360 - Table length [mm]: 1700 - Table width [mm]: 400 - Tool holder: ISO50 - Min. spindle speed [rpm]: 38 - Max. spindle speed [rpm]: 1440 - Travel speed [mm/s]: 710 - Options: Digital readout, External cooling - Tools included: Yes - Transport dimensions: 2350mm x 2200mm x 2150mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 4000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 2 Psdpfxoy Uii Rs Apvogl Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1996, Milling machine, universal milling machine, tool milling machine, drilling and milling machine Pedexvraxopfx Apvogl -Manufacturer: EMCO, milling machine with digital display and hydraulic clamping -Clamping table: 800 x 400 mm -Clamping table: rotatable/tiltable/swivelable -Travel range X/Y/Z: 600/400/400 mm -Spindle mount: SK40 with hydraulic clamping Accessories: incl. 9 tool holders (see photos) -Speeds: from 63 - 3150 rpm -Feed rate X/Y: 16-800 mm/min -Feed Z: 8-400 mm/min -Quick stroke: 100 mm -Rapid traverse X/Y: 2000 mm/min -Rapid traverse Z: 1000 mm/min -Coolant system: yes -Dimensions: 1740/1670/H1940 mm -Weight: 2200 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1973, spindle diameter 140 mm x-travel 2000 mm y-travel 2000 mm z-axis 1500 mm spindle stroke - max. 800 mm spindle taper ISO 50 Pgsdpfx Apsy Umc Ujvol table surface area 1800 x 1500 mm table load 15000 kg turning speed range 2,3 - 810 U/min total power requirement ca. 30 kW weight of the machine ca. 31000 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 7300 x 5600 x 4000 mm Equipment: - Faceplate with NC facing slide and NC rotary table - Heidenhain digital readout - Various tool holders - Various clamping devices

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, number of spindle speeds 10.000 U/min control HEIDENHAIN - iTNC 530 number of spindle speeds 10.000 U/min numbers of positions in the tool changer 32 tool taper SK 40 NC rotary indexing table Ø 630 mm 5-axis simultaneous machining center | HERMLE - C 30 U equipped with ITC (80 bar), NC swivel rotary table, tool changer & chip conveyor. The Z-axis motor was replaced in 2025, and the spindle was already replaced in 2015 at 7,100 operating hours. The machine is in a well-maintained condition and can be inspected under power at any time. Please refer to further technical details in the attachement of the offer. Pgedpfx Apozaf Huevel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #Tags: C30U | C-30U | C-30 U

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, Technical details Pgodpfx Apszaan Tevel x-travel 4000 mm y-travel 1350 mm z-travel (Vert.) 1600 mm Control Heidenhain iTNC 530 table surface area 4200 x 1150 mm table load 13 t tool taper ISO 50 spindle turning speed - stepless 0 - 3000 U/min transmission ratio 2 spindle motor 28/38 kW feed range 5000 mm/min rapid traverse (X/Y) 12 m/min rapid traverse (Z) 10 m/min weight of the machine ca. 37 t dimensions of the machine ca. 12,9 x 6,53 x 3,79 m Additional information In January and October 2025 the milling head was overhauled (new bevel gears and bearings). Total costs 51.000,- Euro. Working hours (dated 31. July 2025): Machine on: 38.483 h Auto cycle: 12.798 h Spindle hours: 11.645 h A current geometry measurement report is available. * CNC-control HEIDENHAIN iTNC 530 * Electronic handwheel * 50-position tool changer * Controlled universal milling head, indexable 2.5 / 2.5 deg. * Coolant device * Cooling through the spindle * 2 chip conveyors * Oil cooler * Measuring probe * Machine documentation

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: fully functional, Technical details x-travel 620 mm y-travel 420 mm z-travel 400 mm Control Heidenhain TNC 410M Podpfx Apozaakbovjgl table surface area 800 x 400 mm tool taper ISO 40 spindle turning speed - stepless 50 - 4000 U/min main drive motor 5,5 kW weight of the machine ca. 2,1 t Additional information * CNC control HEIDENHAIN TNC 410M * Coolant equipment * Machine lamp

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, Technical details x-travel 300 mm y-travel 160 mm z-travel 290 mm table surface area 600 x 210 mm tool taper SK 40 spindle turning speed range (16) 40 - 2000 U/min feeds -stepless- 5 - 500 mm/min rapid traverse 1,2 m/min spindle motor 1,5 / 1,9 kW total power requirement 9,5 kVA weight of the machine ca. 830 kg dimensions of the machine ca. 2000 x 2200 x 1655 mm Additional information The machine is in very good condition and comes from a Pgsdey U U Nispfx Apvsl training workshop. Equipment: * 3-axis positioning control with active digital display Heidenhain TNC 123 - Manual mode: Manual operation and positioning with manual input - Automatic mode: Single-block programme run, programme storage * Fixed angle table * Movable vertical milling head, swivel range +/- 90 degr., quill stroke 60 mm * Coolant equipment * Central lubrication * Tailstock with counter bearing * Manual

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, x-travel 500 mm y-travel 450 mm z-travel 400 mm control iTNC 530 Heidenhain Podpey E Tv Aefx Apvogl turning speed range - main spindle 20 - 10.000 min/-1 power capacity - main spindel 13 / 9 kW max. Torque 83 / 57 Nm tool taper SK 40 DIN 69871 table surface area 700 x 500 mm max. table load 500 kg T-slots 7x 14 x 63 mm number of toolpositions 60 pos. max. tool weight 6 kg max. tool diameter 80 mm max. tool-dia with free toolbox 130 mm max. tool length 300 mm change-time tool to tool 1,6 sec change-time chip to chip 8,0 sec rapid traverse 24 m/min Feed force ( X / Y / Z ) 4,5 kN feed speeds 1 - 24.000 mm/min total power requirement 26 kVA weight of the machine ca. 4,5 t dimensions of the machine ca. 4,5 x 3,5 x 2,3 m CNC - Milling Machine Vertical DECKEL MAHO - DMU 50 - 3 Axis - only ca. 8.097h Spindle-Hrs. - Backup package for power outages - DXF import - incl. workbench - incl. tool cabinet - incl. cabinet for SK 40 tool holders - incl. approx. 63 SK 40 tool holders

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 200 h, XYZ 500 LR Vertical Machining Centre (2018) Siemens 828D Control with Shop Mill, Optimised Digital Servo Drives, Rigid Tapping,Flood Coolant, Worklight, 12 Station Carousel ATC, Easy Clean Swarf Tray, Steel Concertina Guards on all axes, Powder Coated Guarding, Pull Studs, USB Port Technical Specification: X Axis Table Travel: 500 mm Y Axis Table Travel: 400 mm Z Vertical Travel: 440 mm Table Size: 580 × 400 mm Spindle Centre to Column: 415 mm Spindle to Table: 100 – 550 mm Psdpfx Asy R S Unjpvegl Column Front to Table Centre: 215 – 615 mm Rapid Feedrate: 20 m/min Cutting Feedrates: 1 – 20,000 mm/min Max Table Load: 250 kg Spindle Speeds: 5 – 8,000 rpm Spindle Motor: 15 kW (20 hp) Spindle Taper: BT40 Toolchanger: 12 station carousel Toolchange Time: 8 seconds Max Tool Diameter: 100 mm Max Tool Weight: 7 kg Coolant Tank Capacity: 105 L Ballscrew: Grade C3, 28 mm dia P8 AC Digital Servo Motors: X = 8 Nm, Y = 8 Nm Max Torque Z Axis: 12 Nm, 3,000 rpm Machine Weight: 2,400 kg Footprint: 1,890 × 1,982 × 2,700 mm *For sale with Jet Machinery Ltd* Jet Machinery Stock No: #79114 Machine Serial Number: SMB0146 Cost: £27,500.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 300 h, XYZ 560 Mini Mill 3 Axis Vertical Machining Centre Manufactured 2015 Siemens 828D Control Ex college machine less than 300hrs. Spindle Speeds 8000rpm Spindle Motor 15hp Spindle Taper BT40 Pgsdpfx Apoy R Srgevol Tool Magazine 12 Tools Tool Change Time 8secs X Axis Travel 560mm Y Axis Travel 400mm Z Axis Travel 500mm Table Size 610 x 370mm Spinde to Tabel 100 – 600mm XYZ Rapids 20m/min Cutting Feeds 1-20m/min Max. Table Load 300kg T Slots 16mm Machine Weight 3100Kgs *For sale with Jet Machinery Ltd* Jet Machinery Stock No: #79162 Machine Serial Number: MF491 Cost: £27,500.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, XYZ SLV Turret Milling Machine Manufactured 2011 Spindle Motor 5 hp Spindle Speeds 70 – 3600rpm Spindle Taper ISO40 Table Size 1473 x 305mm Podpfx Aey R Skcjpvegl T Slot Size 16mm T Slots 3 off X Axis Travel 1000mm Y Axis Travel 410mm Knee Vertical Travel 413mm Ram Travel 450mm Supplied with: Power Feed Longitudinal (X) Power Feed Cross (Y) Powerd Knee 3 Axis Digital Readout Misc Spindle Tooling Machine Manuals Air Draw Bar We can offer delivery & installation, operator training and warranties. *For sale with Jet Machinery Ltd* Jet Machinery Stock No: #79192 Machine Serial Number: 11501 £9,950.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: used, x-travel 1000 mm y-travel 330 mm z-travel 500 mm table-size 1300 x 280 mm turning speed range 30- 1500 U/min power requirement 2,5 kW tool adaptor ISO 40 | feed speeds 13- 620 mm/min | weight 2,1 t range L-W-H 2,0 x 1,5 x 1,9 m Universal tool room machine with digital scale - turn- and swiveling v- head . h- spindle Pjdpjy Ul U Nsfx Apvegl - automatic feed - hand wheels - coolant system - machine light

Condition: new, The FPK 4.3 is a powerful toolroom milling machine that belongs to the category of Conventional Vertical Milling Machines. This versatile tool-milling machine, renowned in tool and mold making, offers a compact design that combines flexibility with ease of use. The premium cast-iron machine column ensures maximum dynamic rigidity and constant precision, complemented by precision preloaded ball screws on all axes for enhanced performance. Operators will appreciate the ergonomically arranged controls and the swivelling control panel that, alongside the standard digital position indicator, provide maximum comfort. With a large work table measuring 400x800 mm and a travel capacity of 500 mm on the X-axis, the FPK 4.3 is perfect for diverse applications in both training and manufacturing environments. Additionally, it features an automatic feed on all axes with infinitely variable speed settings, and a rigid outer arbor for horizontal milling, making it robust yet precise. Explore the extensive accessory package and take advantage of KNUTH’s reputation for quality – order online today and elevate your workshop with this exceptional milling machine. Pedpfjuyh Diex Apvogl

Condition: new, The KB 1400 is a high-performance Conventional Vertical Milling Machine within the Bed-Type Milling Machines group, designed by KNUTH for exceptional cutting capabilities. This heavy universal bed milling machine features wide guides and impressive drive power, making it ideal for plant and machine construction. Its vertical milling head, which can swivel ± 45°, along with a manually adjustable quill and infinitely variable spindle speed, provides versatility and precision for diverse machining tasks. The machine's robust gearbox allows for adjustable feeds in the Y- and X-axes, ensuring rapid traverse on all axes. With a table setup area of 1,400 x 400 mm and a travel distance of 950 mm, this machine can accommodate large workpieces and various clamping devices. The KB 1400 also boasts a solid Meehanite cast-iron frame, contributing to improved stability and reduced vibration, resulting in higher accuracy and productivity. Benefit from its extensive standard equipment including a 3-axis position indicator and coolant system. Experience the precision and robust performance of the KB 1400 – request a quote today to explore how this Conventional Vertical Milling Machine can enhance your operations. Pgsdpswubzlefx Apvel

Condition: used, The Servomill® UFM 8 V, a state-of-the-art Conventional Vertical Milling Machine from KNUTH, is designed to enhance efficiency and precision in various machining applications. With its horizontal spindle and swiveling vertical milling head, this robust machine boasts a wide speed range and a large clamping table that accommodates various workpieces and clamping devices. The Servomill’s advanced electronic features, including infinitely variable servomotor feed and electronic handwheels, provide users with the intuitive operation reminiscent of CNC systems without the need for programming. Ideal for repair workshops and training departments, the UFM 8 V combines conventional milling practices with significant advancements in reliability and maintenance-free operation, thanks to high-quality servo drives and preloaded ball screws. With an operational output of up to 5000 rpm and integrated features such as a coolant system and pneumatic tool clamping, this model promises both productivity and ease of use. Experience the next level of milling technology with the Servomill UFM 8 V. Request a quote today to see how this remarkable machine from the Conventional Vertical Milling Machines product group can elevate your production capabilities. Pgedpev Amixjfx Apvel

Condition: used, The FPK 5 is a top-of-the-line Conventional Vertical Milling Machine within the Toolroom Milling Machines category, offering a versatile and robust solution for various milling applications. This universal tool milling machine stands out with its vertical and horizontal spindle configuration, swiveling vertical head, and extensive clamping surfaces, making it an excellent choice for tool and mold making, repair workshops, and educational environments. Designed for flexibility, the FPK 5 excels in single-part construction and small to medium-sized batches, thanks to its easy setup and reliable operation without extensive programming. The machine features exceptional rigidity and performance, a heavy fixed-angle table with high load capacity, and a manual central lubrication system for optimal maintenance. With standard equipment that includes a coolant system, 3-axis position indicator, and easily accessible controls, the FPK 5 is engineered to enhance efficiency and precision. Experience the reliability of KNUTH engineering with this advanced milling machine; buy now to elevate your machining capabilities. Pgodpfx Apjwut Evevsl

Condition: used, x-travel 1.020 mm y-travel 510 mm z-travel 610 mm surface area 1.020 x 610 mm spindle tunring speed 10.000 U/min spindle taper SK 40 Pgodpfx Apszaf Ixjvol In our estimation, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Accessories, as well as the tools and clamping devices shown in the images, are included in the scope of delivery only if explicitly noted in the additional information. Subject to changes, errors in technical data and specifications, and prior sale!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 1 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 4,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, controller manufacturer: STYLE CNC Machines, number of slots in tool magazine: 24, motor manufacturer: FANUC, Delivery after consultation Ref: 24F048 Year of construction: 2025 Condition: Showroom Specifications: - X-axis: 4000 mm - Y-axis: 1000 mm - Z-axis: 1000 mm - 26 kW (S6) main motor - 8000 rpm - BT-40 - Automatic tool changer (24 positions) - Remote service (IXON) + network connection Pgedpfx Apjw Ty S Ssvsl - Stronger coolant pump incl. spray gun - Upgraded to the latest STYLE software available

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, x-travel 4.500 mm y-travel 1.300 mm z-travel 1.800 (2.300) mm control iTNC 530 HSCI Heidenhain tool taper ISO 50 DIN 69871 AD spindle turning speed range 20 - 6.000 U/min spindle drive 43 kW Torque 900 Nm table surface area 6.000 x 1.100 mm T-slots 6x 22 H12 mm T-slots REF: 1x 22 H7 mm T-slot - distance 140 mm number of toolpositions 40 pos. tool taper ISO 50 DIN 69871 max. tool diameter 125 mm max. tool-dia with free toolbox 250 mm max. tool length 400 mm max. tool weight 20 kg tool changing time 10 sec rapid traverse ( X / Y / Z ) 35.000 mm/min Feed force ( X / Y / Z ) 16.000 N Accelaration X: 1 | Y:1,5 | Z: 2 m/s² total power requirement 57 kW CNC Fixed-Bed Milling and Boring Center SORALUCE - SLP 6000 - Automatically indexing milling head with 0.001° x 0.001° indexing in two planes - Tool clamping force: 20,000 N Pgodpfx Ajy Umagopvjl - "Dynamics Active Stabilizer" preparation - Dynamic Collision Monitoring Software (DCM) - Interpolation turning - INA linear roller guide system RUE55-E-L (X/Y/Z axes) - Hydromechanical damping slides (Y/Z axes) - Rack-and-pinion drive (X-axis) - Ball screws (Y/Z axes) - Heidenhain AC drive motors with digital drive technology - Pressurized direct linear measuring system (Heidenhain) - 3D thermal expansion compensation for all milling head positions - Automatic feed control - Enhanced accuracy via Soraluce 3D milling head compensation - Preparation for NC rotary table (for 5-sided machining) - Tool changer function: loading and unloading during automatic operation - Adaptive Control - Accura Heads option - DXF converter - Heidenhain interpolation turning - Splash guard enclosure (2x front doors, 2,500 mm)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 13,640 h, machine/vehicle number: 21121341, Catalog No.: 1.2, 3 shielded machining centers with plexiglass windows, each 250x300 cm, HEIDENHAIN TNC-640 control system, 6 controlled axes, tool holder SK50, table surface: 9,000x2,000 mm, max. table load: 30 tons, travel distances X/Y/Z: 8,000/1,300/2,500 mm, special equipment: universal milling head that automatically pivots continuously in 2 planes, internal coolant system, 60-position tool changer, rotary table (10 tons, 1,500x1,500 mm), clamping surface, continuously positionable, measuring probe RENISHAW, 4 clamping angles, external programming option via Mastercam, subject to prior sale. Pedjy T Nx Aspfx Apvsgl