Used 5 Axis Pro+ 4.0 Machining Center for sale (101,700)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2010, operating hours: 17,250 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 710 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 520 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 520 mm, controller model: Heidenhain Mill Plus, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, In 2015, a new spindle was installed! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range X-axis: 710 mm Travel range Y-axis: 520 mm Travel range Z-axis: 520 mm Maximum spindle speed: 18,000 RPM Number of tool magazine slots: 30 Tool holder: SK40 Distance between T-slots: 63 mm Rotational speed of the 4th axis max.: 40 RPM Rotational speed of the 5th axis max.: 40 RPM 4th axis swivel range: 360 x 0.001 degrees Iaodpey Thlnjfx Ag Ueu 5th axis swivel range: 0 ± 102 x 0.001 degrees MACHINE DETAILS Control system model: Heidenhain - Mill Plus Operating hours: currently 36,500 hours Spindle hours: currently 17,250 hours EQUIPMENT Programmable coolant nozzles Coolant gun Chip conveyor 40 bar internal coolant system with 600 l paper filter system Measuring probe 3D Quickset Laser tool measurement Visiport Handwheel Signal light Operating mode 4

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 850 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 610 mm, rapid traverse Z-axis: 80 m/min, controller manufacturer: HEIDENHAIN, controller model: TNC 530i, rotational speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, overall weight: 10,500 kg, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, number of slots in tool magazine: 40, fuel: electricity, Equipment: chip conveyor, KONDIA Five 400 5-axis continuous machining center from 2008 with X 850 mm, Y 500 mm, and Z 610 mm travels, HEIDENHAIN TNC 530i control with 5-axis kinematics, workpiece probe, tool gauge, Heidenhain 3-axis linear scales, ATC 40 SK40 tools and 12,000 rpm, 20 Bar CTS tool coolant and chip conveyor Iajdpoh Elp Ejfx Ag Uju

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 25,500 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 12630000523, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 900 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,050 mm, controller manufacturer: Heidenhain, controller model: Heidenhain TNC460, overall weight: 14,100 kg, Equipment: chip conveyor, We are offering this used DMG MORI DMC 80 H horizontal machining center, year of manufacture 2018. Type: DMC 80 H linear Serial number: 12630000523 Year of manufacture: 2018 Maximum spindle speed: 12,000 rpm HSK-A100 torque: 430 Nm NC rotary tilting table for 5-axis machining B-axis: 360° A-axis: 25°/-200° 2-station pallet changer Tool magazine with 183 positions (3 wheels) Operator panel for loading station Production package Heidenhain TS649 touch probe Iasdsy R Ra Nopfx Ag Ueu Tool breakage monitoring 3D quickSet MPC machine protection control Coolant system with 980l / 80 bar through-spindle coolant (IKZ) 10 additional T-slot pallets 630x630 mm Machine weight: 14,100 kg Tool holders and accessories by arrangement Available at short notice, dismantling and loading by arrangement If you have any questions or need more information, feel free to send us a message or give us a call.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, 5-Axis CNC Machining Center OKK VP 400 Year of manufacture: 2004 Control: FANUC Series 160is-MB Technical Specifications: Travel • X-axis (slide: right/left): 600 mm • Y-axis (table: forward/back): 410 mm • Z-axis (spindle: up/down): 460 mm • A-axis (table tilt): -120° to +30° • C-axis (table rotation): 360° — Distances • Distance from table surface to spindle nose: 70 – 530 mm • Distance from column front to spindle center: 620 mm — Table Isdpfx Agsy Akt Te Uoau • Working surface: Ø 350 mm • Max. workpiece weight on table: 200 kg • Height from floor to table surface: 1080 mm — Spindle • Speed range: 100 – 12,000 rpm • Number of speed ranges: stepless • Spindle taper: 7/24 taper, size No. 40 • Spindle bearing inner diameter: Ø 65 mm — Feed • Rapid traverse: • X- and Y-axis: 48 m/min • Z-axis: 36 m/min • A-axis: 22.2 rpm • C-axis: 33.3 rpm • Cutting feed: • X-, Y- and Z-axis: 1 – 36,000 mm/min • A-axis: 22.2 rpm • C-axis: 33.3 rpm — ATC (Automatic Tool Changer) • Tool holder: JIS B 6339 BT40 • Pull stud: MAS403 P40T-1 • Tool magazine: 20 tools • Max. tool diameter: • Ø 110 mm (Ø 82 mm if adjacent positions are filled) • Max. tool length (from reference): 300 mm • Max. tool weight: 7 kg • Tool selection: Random Memory system • Tool change time (tool-to-tool): 1.2 s • Tool change time (cut-to-cut): 3.8 s

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, x-travel 0760 mm y-travel 845 mm z-travel 760 mm Control 840DI Siemens table-size 500 x 500 mm feed 0- 60 m/min workpiece weight max. 350 kg type of pallet-changer 2 St. milling head speed 12000 U/min numbers of tools in magazin 320 tool taper 63 HSK A- axe (swivel) 30- 120 ° B- axe (turning) 360 ° Isdpsywntgjfx Ag Uoau total power requirement 83 kW weight of the machine ca. 15 t dimensions of the machine ca. 6 x 4 x 2,5 m 5 axes machining center with swivable and turnable table. Coontrol Siemens 840 DI. Machine will be supplied with many spare parts. Machine has cooling through spindle ans dust exhaust.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2011, Traverses X Y Z: 762 x 406 x 508, Table 914 x 356, Spindle speed 0 - 7500rpm, Spindle taper BT40, Spindle Motor 30Hp HAAS Control, 24 Station ATC, Iaedjxwyuaepfx Ag Ueu Programmable Coolant nozzle, WIPS, Low Volt light, 2 axis trunnion table 160mm.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2010, X Y Z: 1270 x 508 x 508mm, table 1324 x 457mm, 12000 rpm, BT 40, HAAS Control, 24 Station ATC, 40HP, Iodpfx Agexpw Rvs Uoau chip auger, coolant, Haas TR210 5 axis trunnion table

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, x-travel 620 mm y-travel 520 mm z-travel 460 mm CNC-control iTNC 640 HEIDENHAIN Table dimensions Ø 650 mm max. table load 300 kg spindle taper SK 40 spindle turning speed range 12.000 U/min feed range 1 - 20.000 mm/min rapid traverse 36 m/min coolant IKZ 30 bar voltage 400 V total power requirement 25 kW weight of the machine ca. 9,2 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2,35 x 4,15 x 2,95 m chip conveyor 2,60 x 1,65 x 1,20 m Oil cooler 0,50 x 0,70 x 1,45 m water cooling unit 0,70 x 0,70 x 0,80 m - Serial-No.: 6LUD00185 - Control ON: 10.918 h - Spindle ON: 2.725 h - Control: HEIDENHAIN iTNC 640 - 3-D touch probe HEIDENHAIN TS 740 - Travel distance B-Axis 50º/+110º,C-Axis 360º - Internal coolant supply through spindle 30 bar - Electr. handwheel - Laser tool measurement - chip conveyor - suction Iodjp S Db Sjpfx Ag Uoau

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, x-travel 620 mm y-travel 520 mm z-travel 460 mm c-axis 360 ° b-axis -50 / +110 ° distance spindle nose and table 170 - 630 mm CNC-control iTNC 640 HEIDENHAIN Table dimensions Ø 650 mm max. table load 500 kg spindle turning speed range 12.000 U/min drive capacity - spindle motor 15,5 / 33,0 kW rapid traverse 48 m/min tool change unit 48 Pos. SK 40 coolant IKZ 30 bar Iaodpfxexap Eae Ag Usu voltage 400 V total power requirement 35 kW weight of the machine ca. 10,0 t dimensions of the machine ca. 4,00 x 2,46 x 2,85 m chip conveyor 2,90 x 0,50 x 1,30 m coolant tank 2,30 x 1,70 x 0,45 m coolant pump 0,60 x 0,50 x 0,90 m Oil cooler 0,55 x 0,60 x 1,10 m 5-axis simultaneous machining center - Serial-No.: 9496-117 - Control ON: 10,137 h - Spindle ON: 3,380 h - Control: HEIDENHAIN iTNC 640 - electr. handwheel - IKZ 30 bar - chip conveyor

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, 5-axis universal machining center Quaser PRO.FLEX 6, manufactured in 2016, Heidenhain TNC 640 control system, HSK-A63 taper, 60-tool magazine, 15,000 rpm spindle, Blum TC60 probe. The machine is powered on and can be demonstrated. Machine Description For sale: 5-axis universal machining center Quaser PRO.FLEX 6. The machine is suitable for precise and complex 5-axis machining. It is equipped with a Heidenhain TNC 640 control system, a spindle with an HSK-A63 taper, a 60-tool magazine, and a 3D Blum TC60 probe. The machine is currently powered on and can be demonstrated in operation by arrangement. Technical Data Manufacturer: Quaser Model: PRO.FLEX 6 Year of manufacture: 2016 Control system: Heidenhain TNC 640 Spindle taper: HSK-A63 Max. spindle speed: 15,000 rpm Number of positions in the magazine: 60 Probe: Blum TC60 Number of axes: 5 Connection: 400 V / 50 Hz Power consumption: 71 kVA Machine weight: approx. 15,000 kg Machine dimensions: approx. 511 x 456 x 316 cm Serial number: 352A160001 Operating Hours System on: 24,959 h Machine on: 21,005 h Program run: 7,634 h Hydraulics: 20,995 h Axes: 5,936 h Spindle S1: 6,423 h Spindle S2: 0 h Accessories / Tool Holders Ijdpfx Asy Udrteg Ujau Included in the offer is a 3D Blum TC60 probe and a calibration mandrel used during machine start-up with initial spindle lubrication. The tools in the collet chucks can remain with the machine for collection. ER16 collet chucks: short: 1 pc medium: 14 pcs long: 3 pcs ER32 collet chucks: short: 2 pcs medium: 2 pcs long: 2 pcs Shell mill body clamping parts: 3 pcs Separate clamping parts can be taken for the shell mills. The mills/bodies themselves will continue to be used on the machine for the tool room. Machine Condition The machine is used and in operational condition. It is powered on and can be demonstrated. Inspection by prior arrangement.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, Two machines from year of manufacture 2020 (G5 i) and one machine from 2022 (G5) available. Includes hydraulic unit, oil cooler, and air dryer Initial commissioning of the 2020 machines in March/May 2022, the 2022 machine in March 2023. The machining center can be used for grinding, milling, and drilling of metallic workpieces. A standard integrated dressing unit is included. This machining center is used for hard grinding and finish boring of holes in discs and flanges of precision planetary gear units. Machine Description: Makino Model G5 i Grinder Universal Machining Center With creep feed grinding function Makino Professional 5 Control System Machine Specifications (according to manufacturer): Travel: Column X-axis: 520 mm Spindle Y-axis: 560 mm Table Z-axis: 600 mm Spindle center to top of pallet: 80 – 640 mm Isdpfx Aoywgh Nsg Ujau Spindle nose to center of pallet: 70 – 670 mm Feed rates: Smallest increment: 0.001 mm Jog operation: 1 - 8,000 mm/min Machining feed: 1 - 48,000 mm/min Rapid traverse: 48 m/min Spindle: Spindle taper: ISO 40 Spindle motor (high torque): 18.5 / 22 kW AC Speed (2 ranges): 50 – 12,000 rpm Automatic tool changer Machine weight: 8,450 kg Controlled Axes: 5-axis simultaneous Special equipment for VIPER grinding: Dressing unit Rotary dressing unit (quick-change) – electric, incl. holder (52 mm) Electrical interface for dresser Workpiece clamping: Erowa ER-029392 Power Chuck Clamping/release control including pressure display Coolant preparation and supply: Water-based coolant filtration system Transfer tank High-pressure pump Self-tilting chip bin Coolant supply bridge Extraction unit including ductwork Makino interface for coolant system Makino interface for extraction system Coolant monitoring (pressure, flow, temperature) Programmable coolant nozzle (PCN) – through spindle, nozzle, base, and shower PCN nozzle assembly Other: Automatic workpiece measuring device (RMP600) Point Master unit (manual measuring probe) Bench Master Air dryer Special I/O interface Machine anchoring set FANUC warranty (2 years) C&F costs UK/Euro transformer High-speed rotary work spindle (100 rpm) Time-delayed splash guard Oil lubrication system for ballscrews and linear guides Programmable coolant nozzle for grinding wheels (PCN) Reinforced splash guard door Automatic front door (AWC) with light curtain Signal lights (3-color) Halogen work lamp (1 pc) Safety interlock package Optional equipment: Easy-Grind Max NC incl. HMI and Machine Manager Scale system X, Y, Z axes (0.05 μm) Switching the display language from English to German Freewheel function of rotary axes during operation Project management by NCMT and Melior Motion Easy-Grind Max+ (single station solution, custom configured)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, If some parts shown by hand, that parts not come with machine. Iajdpfx Agjy Awxpe Usu Technical data shown on picture.

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 008272, Position 1: 5 Axis CNC Routers BIESSE + KUKA-ROVER A + KR210 R3100 Position 2: Robot BIESSE + KUKA-ROVER A + KR210 R3100 Isdjx A Tfvepfx Ag Ujau

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2020, machine/vehicle number: VT0341, functionality: fully functional, High-performance machining center SPINNER VC850-5A Travel distances X850, Y510, Z510 mm High-performance milling spindle up to 18,000 rpm Power Pmax 20 kW / Nmax 66 Nm as a built-in hybrid spindle with direct drive, without belt Tool holder on the spindle HSK63 TOOL MAGAZINE with 32 tool stations DIRECT MEASURING SYSTEMS in the X/Y/Z axes In the latest generation of SIEMENS "SINUMERIK ONE" control system - SPINNER - SPIOS 24" touch operating panel for I4.0 applications - Operating panel height-adjustable, rotatable and tiltable for best ergonomics - incl. engraving cycles - 24" liquid crystal flat color screen with multi-touch functionality - User memory 2 GByte - 15 zero-point shifts - 1 free USB interface - Ethernet interface standard SPINNER MULTI-CONTROL WHEEL on the operating panel, integrating the following functions into a single control element: - Handwheel function in jog mode - Feed override in automatic mode - Start button and feed influence in single-block setup mode, automatically resetting to 0% at the end of the sequence -> all important functions of the setup mode integrated into one control element Electrical preparation for HOWIMAT 2-axis rotary tilting table on VC850/VC1150 2-axis ROTARY TILTING TABLE mounted on the right in the working area particularly rigid and space-saving, suitable for holding chucks or collets TILTING AXIS: - Dividing accuracy +- 0.005 degrees - Swivel range 105 degrees - Maximum tangential moment 1,200 Nm ROTARY AXIS with direct drive via coaxial motor: - Dividing accuracy +- 0.005 degrees - Bore 80mm, spindle nose D=160 mm - Maximum tangential moment 500 Nm UNIVERSAL CHIP CONVEYOR VC850 PREPARATION of the spindle FOR HIGH PRESSURE for using the additional tank up to 70/80 bar HIGH-PRESSURE TANK 70bar with paper band filter for flushing centrally through the spindle Iedpfoy S Ttzex Ag Uoau Additional compressed air supply at the spindle head Compressed air centrally through the milling spindle Flushing gun in the working area PREPARATION FOR SPINNER STANDARD PROBING SYSTEM Wireless SPINDLE PROBE ADDITIONAL HOOD on top for a closed working area STANDARD DOCUMENTATION in German consisting of machine manual and CNC manuals is delivered in digital form on the control system. Paper manuals available at an additional cost. RING EYES for crane unloading, set consisting of 4 pieces absolutely necessary for crane transport STANDARD PAINTING two-color in light gray RAL7035 and blue-gray RAL5008 Electrical design EUROPEAN STANDARD as follows: Operating voltage 3x400V +/-10% Mains frequency 50Hz (+/-2%) TN network (5-conductor) Notes: The price includes warranty services only within Germany. In the case of new and demonstration machines, the images are not necessarily of the individual machine, but of comparable machines. Accessories shown, such as clamping devices or tool holders, are included in the scope of supply only to the extent listed in the technical description. Please request a detailed offer ex works. Visit our factory near Munich or one of our showrooms. We may have other offers for comparable machines. Subject to prior sale.

Condition: used, WILLEMIN MACODEL W 408 B is a 5‑axis machining center engineered for precision, high accuracy and reliability. Capacity: X250 Y200 Z300 mm; A360° B -10/+100°; res. 0.001. Spindle up to 30,000 rpm; 24 tools HSK E40; Ø50×L93 mm (1 kg); rapid traverse 30 m/min; 3x400V 50Hz, 18 kVA. Accessories: collets F‑35, BLUM Nano tool‑break control, spindle cooling, coolant system, automatic central lubrication, fire extinguishing system. Achieves tight tolerances; ideal for automotive, watchmaking, aerospace, medical. Isdpfx Ageyxp Dcj Ueau

Condition: good (used), MIKRON UCP 600 VARIO is a 5‑axis machining center engineered for high precision, accuracy and reliability in complex machining. Table 320×320 mm; travels X600 Y450 Z450; indexing C n x360°; head B -115/+30°. 30‑station tool magazine; tool Ø max 80 mm, length 200 mm, weight 8 kg; spindle nose HSK‑A63. Spindle stepless 0–20,000 rpm, 30 kW, 91 Nm torque. Feed 15,000 mm/min, rapid 22 m/min; power 3x400 V 50 Hz. Machine weight ~7,700 kg; dims L6820×W4800×H2540(2810) mm. Options: paper filtration, water cooler, chip conveyor, EROWA UPC table, electronic handwheel, lamp, status light. 4+5 axis revised 2023. Achieves tight tolerances; suited to automotive, aerospace, medical, watchmaking and machine‑tool sectors. Isdpfx Aoyxn Nksg Ujau

Condition: excellent (used), SCHAUBLIN 51 5AX CNC is a 5-axis machining center designed for precision, high accuracy and reliability. Working capacities: X300 Y400 Z430 mm; rotary table Ø210 mm; table load V50 H75 kg; A +30/−120°, C360°. Specs: HSK‑A63, 0–20,000 rpm, spindle motor 23 kW, feed 12,000 mm/min, rapid 30 m/min; weight ≈5750 kg; size 2700×1800×2600 mm. Tool magazine 20 places, Ø 80 mm (95 mm free), length 250 mm, tool change 3 s. Accessories: coolant system, water cooler, oil mist extractor FX4000, rinsing gun. Achieves tight tolerances; sectors: watchmaking, aerospace, medical, automotive, machine tools. Iaedpfxsyxn Hvj Ag Uou

Condition: good (used), CHIRON FZ 08 KS Magnum is a 5‑axis machining center engineered for precision, high accuracy and reliable production. Travels X450×Y270×Z310 mm; drilling 12 mm; tapping M8. Tool magazine 24 pos., tool Ø max 47 mm (100 mm free), length 160 mm, tool wt 1.2 kg. Spindle HSK‑A40 0–36000 rpm; spindle motor 7 kW; rapid 75 m/min; 3×400V 50Hz; air 6 bar; installed power 14 kW (19 kVA); machine ≈3400 kg; dims 2308×1405×2447 mm. Features: tool‑break control, RS232, switch‑cabinet air‑con, status light. Delivers tight tolerances for automotive, aerospace, medical, watchmaking. Iedpfx Agsyxn Hce Ujau

Condition: excellent (used), MIKRON HPM 800 U is a 5‑axis machining center for precision, high accuracy and reliability. Table 630×440 mm, 5 T‑slots, table load 800 kg; travels X800 Y800 Z550 mm; A +91/‑121°, C 360°. HSK‑A63, spindle‑nose to table 600 mm; 115 tools, Ø max 80 mm (160 free), tool length 350 mm. Spindle 0–20000 t/min; feed 0–20000 mm/min; rapid 45 m/min; accel. 6 m/s; max feed force 6000 N; 3×400V 50Hz; 55 kW; weight ~15000 kg; size 3505×3100×2980 mm. Accessories: high‑pressure coolant, paper filtration, 2 pallets, touch probe, laser tool preset, chip conveyor. Suited to tight tolerances in automotive, aerospace, medical, watchmaking. Iasdpfx Aeyxn E Seg Uju

Condition: used, DMG HSC 55 linear is a 5-axis machining center designed for precision, high accuracy and reliable performance. Travels X 450 mm, Y 650 mm, Z 460 mm; A-axis -10/+110°; tool magazine 120 places; tool Ø max 80 mm, length 250 mm, weight 6 kg; spindle taper HSK 63. Spindle speeds 2–28,000 min⁻¹; spindle power 38/28 kW; supply 3x400 V 50 Hz; total power 70 kVA; machine weight ≈9500 kg; dims L3210×W2930×H2900 mm. Delivers tight tolerances; typical applications: automotive, aerospace, medical, watchmaking and toolmaking. Iaodeyxn Efjpfx Ag Ueu

Condition: used, FANUC ROBODRILL ALPHA T14i B is a Vertical machining center engineered for high precision, strong accuracy and reliability. Table 550×380 mm; travels X500 Y400 Z330 mm; vertical distance 150–450 mm. Spindle 100–12,000 t/min (stepless), feed 1–15,000 mm/min, rapid 48 m/min; spindle motor 5.5 kW; 3×400 V; total power 9 kVA; weight ≈2100 kg; size 1600×2000×2200 mm. Tool magazine 14 stations; 4th-axis divider Peiseler; oil-mist extractor Elbaron. Achieves tight tolerances; typical applications: automotive, watchmaking, machine tools, aerospace, medical. Isdpfxsyxnyij Ag Ueau

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, AWEA FCV 620 year 2017 FANUC OiMF Manual Guide 2x Tool probe Renishaw Iajdpfovy H U Nsx Ag Ueu X-axis travel: 635 mm Y-axis travel: 535 mm Z-axis travel: 460 mm B-axis rotary range: -50° ~ +110° C-axis rotary range: 360˚ Table diameter: Ø 650 mm Spindle taper: BT40 Spindle speed :Direct drive 12,000 Cooling through the spindle Spindle motor (cont./min): 11/15 kW (FANUC 12,000 rpm) X / Y / Z axes rapid feed rate: 36 m/min. Tool magazine capacity: 32T Weight 8500kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, Technical details: X 1000 mm Y 1150 mm Z 895 mm Iaodsych D Ujpfx Ag Ueu 15.000 rpm, HSK 63, 92 places in tool changer, Touch probe will come, laser measuring system. Coolant thru spindle. Parts shown by hand not come. Parts shown by hand not come.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2009, Machine will come with robot . Iajdpfx Agexfu S Ne Usu 42.000 rpm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 450 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 600 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, number of slots in tool magazine: 120, total height: 2,900 mm, table length: 400 mm, table width: 400 mm, coolant supply: 40 bar, feed rate X-axis: 80 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 80 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 80 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 80 m/min, rapid traverse X-axis: 80 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 80 m/min, spindle speed (max.): 28,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 20 rpm, table load: 200 kg, operating hours of spindle: 39,945 h, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, Scope of delivery: - HSC 55 machine - 3R-WorkMaster II pallet changer (automation) with all pallets - High pressure system / belt filter system (DMG) - Refrigeration unit (OLAER) - chip conveyor Excluded from delivery: - Vices Iedpfx Aou Ivkgog Ujau - Tool holder Technical data of machine: - See attached OC (order confirmation) Technical data automation: - Available, on request.