Used Feintool Hfa 4000 for sale (2,390)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, x-travel 560 mm y-travel 560 mm z-travel 660 mm Control M 730 BM MAPPS IV distance spindle center to table 80 - 640 mm distance Spindlenose and center of table 70 - 730 mm max. spindle speed 12.000 min/-1 power capacity - main spindel 15 / 11 kW tool taper SK 40 spindle diameter in front bearing 80 mm numbers of pallets 2 pos. work height max. 1.050 mm size of pallet 400 x 400 mm max. workpiece weight 400 kg max. workpiecediameter 630 mm Max. workpiece - hight 900 mm B-Axis 0,001 ° Bsdpfxsx Hpyto Al Iolg Indexing-time 90° 1,3 sec change time of pallets 8,0 sec number of toolpositions 60 pos. tool taper SK 40 max. tool diameter 70 mm max. tool-dia with free toolbox 170 mm max. tool length 450 mm max. tool weight 8 kg change-time tool to tool 0,9 sec change-time chip to chip 2,8 - max. 9,9 sec feed speeds max. 60.000 mm/min rapid traverse ( X / Y / Z ) 60 m/min total power requirement 35 kVA weight of the machine ca. 7,9 t dimensions of the machine ca. 5,5 x 3,5 x 2,6 m CNC - MachiningCenter Horizontal MORI SEIKI - NHX 4000 - pallet-changer - WITHOUT clamping towers

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, x-travel 560 mm y-travel 560 mm z-travel 660 mm Control M 730 BM MAPPS IV distance spindle center to table 80 - 640 mm distance Spindlenose and center of table 70 - 730 mm max. spindle speed 12.000 min/-1 power capacity - main spindel 15 / 11 kW tool taper SK 40 spindle diameter in front bearing 80 mm numbers of pallets 2 pos. work height max. 1.050 mm size of pallet 400 x 400 mm max. workpiece weight 400 kg max. workpiecediameter 630 mm Max. workpiece - hight 900 mm Bljdpfx Ajx Hpymsl Ijg B-Axis 0,001 ° Indexing-time 90° 1,3 sec change time of pallets 8,0 sec number of toolpositions 60 pos. tool taper SK 40 max. tool diameter 70 mm max. tool-dia with free toolbox 170 mm max. tool length 450 mm max. tool weight 8 kg change-time tool to tool 0,9 sec change-time chip to chip 2,8 - max. 9,9 sec feed speeds max. 60.000 mm/min rapid traverse ( X / Y / Z ) 60 m/min total power requirement 35 kVA weight of the machine ca. 7,9 t dimensions of the machine ca. 5,5 x 3,5 x 2,6 m CNC - MachiningCenter Horizontal MORI SEIKI - NHX 4000 - pallet-changer - WITHOUT clamping towers

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2026, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, DGUV certified until: 05/2027, electrical fuse: 16 A, opening width: 30 mm, working width: 475 mm, space requirement height: 580 mm, space requirement length: 940 mm, space requirement width: 2,055 mm, type of input current: three-phase, +++ NEW Rondo STM 5304 Dough Sheeter MACHINE NEW +++ Simple manual operation Bjdeyalbfepfx Al Iolg For rolling and laminating all types of dough Foldable tables Rolling thickness from 0.3 to 30 mm Dough sheeter with linen conveyor belts Belt width up to 475 mm Roller width 500 mm Tabletop dough sheeter with 2055 mm table length Electrical system according to VDE standards DGUV V3 tested exclusively by us Dimensions: 2055/850 x 940 x 580 mm (LxWxH) operating / rest position Connection: 400V, 0.5 kW, 16A-CEE plug Weight: 95 kg NEW machine & SAB tested With warranty + spare parts service Options: Maintenance contract Service package Spare parts box Delivery service Commissioning & instruction We offer a TOP selection of dough sheeters!

Year of construction: 2022, condition: new, bearing diameter 120 mm motor Synchronmotor Nominal turning speed 3000 1/min Blsdpjua Ituofx Al Ieg Maximum turning speed 4000 1/min Torque 76,4 Nm current 38 A Unused grinding spindle for Höfler Rapid 1250

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Professional machine for removing defects from wood and wooden elements. It optimizes the cutting process and ensures minimal material losses. The CROSS CUT 306 optimizer is a new technology of wood machines, produced by the leading brand on the Polish market, which is CNC Technologies. The machine provides fast, simple and precise cuts to size, increasing production efficiency. The optimizer performs cross-cutting of the material into sections of a specified length, eliminating material defects marked with a fluorescent pencil and using a sensor to analyze the position of the pencil. It is worth noting that the machine can measure and cut in an automatic cycle. Model: TechnologieCNC CROSS CUT 306-4M Effective machining length - 4000 mm (optionally 6 m) Effective machining width - 30-230 mm Effective machining thickness - 40-80 mm Effective machining in cross-section - 250x30mm Scanning speed - 80m/min Scanning device - Infrared sensor of the German brand SICK Scanning/detection of defects - Fluorescent sensor of the German brand SICK Table height - 800mm Blsdpfotvmv Rsx Al Iog Feed speed - 60m/min Pusher servo drive - AC DELTA 750w Saw lift servo drive - AC DELTA 1kW Cutting saw motor - 7.5kW, 3Ph, 2930 rpm. Saw blade diameter - fi 500 mm Extraction port diameter - 100mm x2 Total power: +-10kW Overall dimensions - 6750 x 1450 x 1800mm Transport dimensions: 535 x 80 x 110 - table, 200 x 100 x 160 - console Weight: 1436 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, tank capacity: 4,000 l, usable tank capacity: 4,000 l, total width: 1,600 mm, total height: 3,500 mm, wall material: stainless steel, manhole diameter: 400 mm, manhole location: top, 4,000 L Stainless Steel (Inox) Tanks * Quantity: 7 units available Specifications & Dimensions: Option 1 (2 units): Diameter: 180 cm, Height: 250 cm Blodpfxsyw Tp Hj Al Isg Option 2 (5 units): Diameter: 160 cm, Height: 360 cm (Can be shortened to 300 cm) Additional Equipment Filter Press: Seitz Orion 40/60 – 2 units

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, machine/vehicle number: 101453, functionality: fully functional, power: 368.5 kW (501.02 HP), pressing force: 4,000 t, stroke length: 1,600 mm, operating speed: 200 mm/s, ram plate width: 1,900 mm, ram plate length: 1,900 mm, clearance between the columns: 6,500 mm, overall weight: 480,000 kg, Fagor JBe-4000-2.5x2.5-2013 4,000T Hydraulic Forming Press (2014) Bodpfx Alsyzr Hfe Ielg 0–4,000 tonnes variable ram pressure 1,900mm ram diameter 2,500 mm x 2,500 mm T slotted top platten 2,500 mm x 2,500 mm T slotted bottom platen 6,500 mm distance between side columns 1,600 mm length of ram stroke 200 mm/s ram speed 12 mm/s pressing speed 368.5 kW total electrical power 480 tonnes total weight of machine 2x overhead travelling workpiece manipulation cranes with independently supported runway, each with 2x 16 tonne capacity hoists Siemens programmable touch screen console for machine and cranes

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, laser power: 4,000 W, laser type: fiber laser, TruLaser Robot 5020 LW01 4000 Watt X x Y x Z Working Area max (mm): 2000 x 1000 x 700 Laser Power: 4000 Watt Bodpfx Aloyifr Hs Ijlg Operating Hours: 19,975 h Laser Beam On: 10,353 h Standard Equipment Machine: - KUKA Robot KR30 HA (High Accuracy) - Robot working area (per layout) - Software package Laser Robot Tech - Paper documentation - Basic media supply kit - Robot media guidance - Robot height extension - KTL alignment set - Mobile operating trolley for KCP - Compact dust extractor 3000 m³/h, plate filter, extinguishing unit - Laser safety cabin - Extraction piping - Laser safety window - Cable ducts Robot: - Magnetic coupling Workpiece Positioner - DKP400.1 rotary/tilt positioner - DKP 400.1 energy supply - DKP 400.1 actuator/sensor interface - 3D clamping plate 800 x 100 mm, Demmeler system - Twin-station turntable - Active safety system for partition wall, turntable Euro - Energy supply for turntable - Actuator/sensor interface turntable - Flexible fixture holder turntable - Modular clamping system - Stand for modular clamping system incl. counterholder Extended Laser Equipment - TruDisk 4002 - Cooler for TruDisk 4002 - 30 m fiber optic cable Technology Package - Laser welding technology package - Motorized focus adjustment option - TeachLine option - Gas supply block for shielding gas Argon Laser Safety Cabin - Automatic sliding door - Video surveillance with camera

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2026, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, DGUV certified until: 04/2027, electrical fuse: 16 A, opening width: 30 mm, working width: 475 mm, space requirement height: 580 mm, space requirement length: 940 mm, space requirement width: 1,560 mm, type of input current: three-phase, NEW Rondo ECONOM 4000 STM 5303 Dough Sheeter NEW TOP MODEL! easy manual operation suitable for sheeting and laminating all types of dough foldable tables rolling thickness from 0.3 to 30 mm dough sheeter with linen belts table-top dough sheeter with 1560 mm table length only DGUV V3 tested by us dimensions: 1560/670 x 940 x 580 mm (LxWxH) operating/standby position Connection 400V, 16A-CEE plug Weight 85 kg NEW machine & SAB tested Bjdpfx Aljyakk Es Ielg with warranty + spare part service Option: maintenance contract service package spare parts box delivery service instruction & commissioning

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, Vacuum membrane press VPR-4000 is a universal press for woodworking and thermoforming. Blsdpfxjyr R Hwo Al Isg The VPR-4000 press is also tiltable and mobile. Applications: Veneering / Form gluing / Wrapping... Coating of various profiles (veneer, paper, plastic, etc.) Wood bending: production of curved and laminated components Vacuum system: Working surface with vacuum channels for even negative pressure, even with large workpieces. Becker vacuum pump / oil-free / tank capacity 100 l Working area: 4000 x 1500 mm Pump power: 0.75 kW Vacuum pump flow rate: 40 m³/h Rubber membrane External dimensions: 4100 x 1650 x 1000 mm Weight: 400 kg Location: Ex stock 54634 Bitburg - Free loading on truck -

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2138015, Manufacturer: Nowicki Vacuum tumbler designed for use in the food industry, ideal for meat processing and sausage production. Solid construction ensures durability and reliable operation. No damage. The machine is in use. Bljdpfx Alsy Efr As Isg Condition: operational / inspection recommended Seller: Balcerzak Sp. z o.o. Please contact us for further information or to arrange a viewing of the machine.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2138013, Mixer designed for use in the food industry, ideal for meat processing and sausage production. The robust construction ensures durability and reliability in operation. No damages. The machine is ready for operation. Bodpfjy Ecrmox Al Ijlg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2138013, overall weight: 2,220 kg, Vacuum mixer designed for use in the food industry, ideal for meat processing and sausage production. The robust construction ensures durability and reliable operation. No damages. The machine is in operation. Condition: functional / in operation. Seller: Balcerzak Sp. z o.o. Blodpfey Ecp Sjx Al Isg

Condition: reconditioned (used), Year of construction: 2009, Automatic dough divider Koenig Mini Rex 4000 with moulding station - used - year of manufacture: 2009 - refurbished Bsdpfx Aleyt Iple Ielg - maximum output: 4,000 pcs/h - weight range: 30–135 g - electronic control - warranty - collection from warehouse/shipping option - price on request

Condition: new, plate width 2000 mm plate depth 4000 mm plate height 300 mm weight 5195 kg Clamping plates - T-slot plates - plate field 4000 x 2000 x 260 mm If you have not found the size you are looking for, you can also send us an e-mail with the completed PDF form. With this we can a custom made panel for you. Bodsyq S Exepfx Al Iolg edge distance: 240mm groove spacing: 230mm Groove size: 22mm Casting quality HT250 Flatness less than 0.12 mm Surface machined according to DIN 876/III The cover picture is for orientation only and does not represent a true-to- scale image of the plate.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, AUTOMATIC EDGE BANDER machine model STEFANI MONOBETA 4000 second hand machine with Instruction Booklets for the application of edges in PVC, veneer, melamine, ABS , thin solid wood strips for furniture, furnishings, kitchens, bathrooms, doors, panels and various XILIA positioner system Bodpswlzz Tsfx Al Iolg technical data : tiltable gluing group: 0° / 7° min. height of gluing panel mm.10 max. height of gluing panel mm.60 min. thickness roll edge mm.0.4 max. thickness roll edge mm.3 max. thickness wood edge mm.25 min. panel width mm.60 min. panel length mm.110 adjustable feed speed: from 8 to 22 mt./min. electric press lift telescopic support for large panels soundproof cabin composition : 1. gluing group with glue tank 2. pressure rollers 3. edge feeder 4. end-cutting unit for front and rear vertical cutting of the excess edge - n.2 motors 0,44 Kw at 12000 rpm 5. trimming unit with overlapping motors for trimming the upper and lower part of the excess edge - n.2 motors of 0.55 Kw at 12000 rpm supplied, in addition, n.02 tilting trimming and cornering groups. n.2 motors Kw 1,15 at 12000 rpm 6. glue scraper group for cleaning glue residues supplied with 2 glue scraper groups, as spare parts 7. overlapping brush group for brushing and polishing the applied edges - n.2 motors at 1400 rpm , tiltable 8. dryer unit 0-600° - 1400 watt 9. contour trimming unit model STEFANI TRIM/60 . external unit HF high frequency converter volt. 380/50

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1991, Machine is in good working condition. Parts shown by hand not come. X 3700 mm , Y 1250 mm, Z 550 mm, Blodpsyw I Abofx Al Ijg 3000 rpm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, Wohlenberg CITY 4000 perfect binder – hotmelt Bljdpfx Aljxdm D Uj Iog Clean and in working condition!

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), ⭐ FRONIUS TPS 4000 ⭐ Fully equipped ⭐ Device description/scope of delivery: Fronius Tps 4000 device fully equipped - nothing more is possible! - Pulse 400 amp power source - Fk 4000 FC cooling device with the optional filter including flow control - VR 4000 with the optional rollers at the bottom + extra long connecting hose package + metal feed rollers - only the best of the best installed. - Fronius Aw5000/aw4000 hose package with Job Master function on the burner (==>Display on the torch / amps, job, feed, arc adjustable on the torch) Bsdpopgkkbofx Al Ijlg Photo = scope of delivery. New price approx. 15,000 euros (net) we offer it for 1/3 new price. Not comparable to Transsteel scrap. Why it's better to buy from us than from anyone else: - We are professionals when it comes to this Fronius welding machine series. We always have 40-60 pieces in stock. Only these Fronius devices, no other manufacturers! - We don't just push the devices through, we disassemble them, inspect wear parts, replace them and only when everything works perfectly are the devices sold. - All of our devices are sold with the popular Fronius burners. NOT a 100 euro E*b*a*y burner but QUALITY! Depending on the equipment, the Fronius burners cost between 650 euros and 900 euros net! - Our devices are “all” clean and have no burn holes in the displays or countless burn holes/dents scattered throughout the device! You are buying an item from us that is worth seeing and doesn't look completely finished! - As a customer of ours, you have the opportunity to obtain suitable spare parts and support cheaply if the worst comes to the worst. - You will receive a proper invoice from us with VAT shown. All devices can be viewed, paid for and picked up by appointment at our main warehouse in Vienna! Insured shipping on a pallet is of course possible!

Condition: good (used), Mounting plate, scribing plate, measuring plate, measuring table, straightening plate, scribing plate, test plate, inspection plate, precision measuring table -Mounting plate: with support ribs Blodpfx Aox Sym Usl Ieg -Clamping surface: 2000 x 4000 mm -Sheet thickness: 85 mm -Plate: with supporting ribs -Quantity: 1 mounting plate available -Price: per piece -Dimensions: 4000/2000/H405 mm -Weight: 8800 kg

Condition: good (used), Platform trolley, transport trolley, heavy-duty trolley, table trolley, assembly trolley, industrial trailer, container dolly, heavy-duty trailer Bodjyl Urqspfx Al Ielg -Manufacturer: MAFI, heavy-duty transport trolley with 1-axle turntable steering and parking brake -Platform: 4000/2500/H895 mm -Load capacity: 22 t -Tires: Solid rubber dual tires 540x200x410 see photos -Overall dimensions: 5750/2500/H895 mm -Transport dimensions: 4000/2500/H895 mm -Weight: 2720 kg

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, controller model: Rexroth IndraMotion MTX, laser type: CO₂ laser, laser hours: 980 h, laser power: 4,000 W, punching force: 22 t, Equipment: CE marking, nozzle changer, safety light barrier, Machine - C-frame - Coordinate guide - Linear magazine with 25 stations for clamps and tools - 4 x hydraulic clamps - Drives with maintenance-free three-phase motors - Repositioning system with programmable hold-down - Flap for punched parts 500x500mm incl. sensor - Foot pedal for closing clamps - FocusLine - NitroLine Bledpeyu S D Ajfx Al Iog - FastLine - FlyLine - Additional XP and Yp axes - Ejector cylinder for laser parts - Fast flap for laser parts 500x500mm incl. sensor - Liftable laser cutting support TRUMPF Laser - TruFlow 4000 laser incl. LensLine and optimized standby - High-frequency excitation - Fine filtration of compressed air for beam tube ventilation - Closed beam guidance Cutting Head - Lens cutting head with 170mm focal length - Universal quick-change device for cutting head - LensLine - ControlLine Punching Head - Electro-hydraulic punching head - Rotatable mono-tool holder - Programmable hold-down position - Tool length compensation - Punch slug extraction - Calculation of fill level in the punching console - Stroke counter for punches - Spray lubrication for punches - Fill level monitoring for tool lubrication - Stripper position measuring system with sheet thickness measurement function Control System - TRUMPF control based on Rexroth IndraMotion - Touch panel with 19" TFT color display - Integrated technology data - Programmable cutting gas pressure - Remote Support interface - Automatic shut-off with wake-up function - Production planner Functions - PlasmaLine Data Transmission - USB interface - RJ-45 network interface - Wireless Operation Point Safety - CE marking - Two-beam safety light barrier - Monitoring system for gas pressure, temperature and cooling water - Emergency stop for drives - Warp detection - Protection against stray radiation Extended Standard Equipment: - Network installation via Remote Support - Chiller (water-air) - Compact extraction system - 1st locating pin (inside right) - 2 finished parts containers - Chip container - 40 used RTC cassettes + die plate Punch Quality Package - MultiShear - Deburring and rolling technology - Adaptive stroke calibration - StripLine Forming Package - Thread forming incl. thread former breakage control - Marking/fast beading - MultiBend - Height-adjustable clamps - Automatic nozzle changer - MultiTool - Engraving - Smart Punch Monitoring with sheet format detection - 4 individually openable clamps - Automatic clamp closing with mechanical sensor zero stop - Repositioning cylinder - Vibration-damped installation - Chip conveyor with tilting container - Foot pedal start incl. rear-view mirror - Brush tables with loading and unloading support - Ejector unit for small parts - CO2 extinguishing system for compact extractor - Connection piece for exhaust air duct of compact extractor MobileControl App SheetMaster (AK08) UF - Loading station with spreader magnet - Simultaneous loading and unloading during main time - Peeling system incl. positioning aid for oversize formats - Additional positioning aids for medium format - Additional positioning aids for large format - First add-on package with 9 suction cups (incl. vacuum ejector) - Unloading monitoring for laser parts - Loading of blanks GripMaster 4000 x 1500 mm SortMaster Pallet 4 pallets longitudinal ToolMaster Linear 54 stations with simultaneous tool setup during main time - Safety devices for warehouse connection incl. 2nd light barrier circuit - Warehouse interface

Condition: used, This listing is for the Hanwell 4000 Wireless Transmitter Bodexv D H Repfx Al Islg The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release Key Features: Single & Dual Channel Options: Choose between single or dual thermistor channels to suit your monitoring needs. ​ LCD Display: Equipped with an LCD display showing real-time data readings and battery life. ​ Temperature Range: Measures temperatures from -40°C to +60°C, accommodating various storage conditions. ​ Long-Range Wireless Transmission: Utilizes low-power radio technology with a transmission range of up to 3 km over open ground. ​ Battery Life: Powered by a 3.6V AA lithium battery​ Memory Capacity: Stores up to 100,000 readings for single-channel units and 50,000 readings per channel for dual-channel units. ​ Applications: Ideal for monitoring temperatures in fridges, freezers, and chillers. ​ Compatible Sensors The transmitters are compatible with various thermistor probes, available separately, to meet specific monitoring requirements. ​ Specifications at a Glance Feature Specification Dimensions 110 x 80 x 35 mm Weight 200 grams Power Supply 3.6V AA Lithium Battery Battery Life Up to 2 years Operating Range 0°C to +60°C (non-condensing RH environment) Storage Range -40°C to +60°C Accuracy ±0.1°C Radio Frequency 433–458 MHz (country-specific) Radio Power 10 mW Radio Range Up to 3 km over open ground IP Rating IP30

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2024, control type: CNC control, Hezinger B 06 - 4000 hydraulic guillotine shear, year of manufacture: 2024, NC control ELGO P 40 T with touch screen, sheet thickness at 400 N/m²: 6 mm, sheet thickness at 700 N/m²: 4 mm, cutting angle: 1.5°, stroke rate: 13 / min, throat depth: 250 mm, 18 hold-downs, backgauge: 1,000 mm, traversing speed: 80 mm/s; accuracy: +/- 0.1 mm, cutting gap adjustment, cutting length limitation, controlled backgauge, cutting line illumination with shadow, max. cutting capacity: 6 mm, max. hydraulic pressure: 220 bar, Bjdjyxgbxspfx Al Iolg machine weight approx. 11,000 kg, max. cutting length: 4,000 mm,

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2017, turning length 4000 mm turning diameter 850 mm turning dia. in gap 1150 mm turning diameter over slide 520 mm turning speeds 5.0 - 630 U/min quill: 6 MK quill travel 250 mm spindle bore 100 mm workpiece weight max. 4000 kg bed width 600 mm travel -x axis 500 mm travel -z axis 3700 mm rapid traverse X 1800 mm/min rapid traverse Z 3640 mm/min feeds X : 0.04 - 4.8 mm/min feeds Z : 0.08 - 9.6 mm/min feeds Z1 : 0.02 - 2.4 mm/min engine output 20.0 kW weight of the machine ca. 6800 kg. dimensions 6150 x 1500 x 1500 mm good / well-maintained condition (!!) original price at the time approx. 65.000 euros special price on request Bodpfx Aloxabh Tj Ijlg Description: - particularly heavy, heavily ribbed and wide machine bed - in a rigid one-piece monoblock design - induction-hardened and ground guide prisms - guarantee long-term accuracy and minimal wear - solid headstock - with high-precision, tapered roller bearing main spindle . and 100 mm spindle bore - excellent smooth running at maximum spindle speed - joystick switch for X and Z feed directly on the support - manually switched 4-stage countershaft gear, - powerful main spindle motor enables exact adjustment of the speed . and high torque for heavy machining - rapid traverse for X and Z axes enables quick positioning of the support . and reduces idle times - adjustable overload clutch in the lock case protects the feed mechanism . against damage and failures - central, handy control for feeds and thread pitches - the feed gear offers a wide range of . diametric, inch, module and metric threads - support and top slide are designed for large cutting forces - higher working precision - user-friendly functions Scope of delivery: - SINO position indicator - TOS 3x jaw chuck .. Ø 400 mm - 4-jaw faceplate chuck Ø 800 mm - 4-way tool holder - Fixed steady rest 40-350 mm - Follow-on steady rest 30-120 mm - Fixed centering point - Reducing sleeves - Chuck protection - Coolant device - Machine leveling feet - Work light - Operating tools - Operating instructions