Used Format4 Edge Banding Machine Format 4 Tempora 60.06 Gluebox - Used for sale (114,976)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 4200x1500x1500 mm Weight 1050 kg Total power requirement 8 kw Hfodpfx Afevz E Tmenji

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 1820x585x1450 mm Weight 500 kg Total power requirement 4 kw Hedpfjvz Hd Hjx Afnofi

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 0x0x0 mm Hjdpfx Aov A E Iysfnjfi Weight 8 kg Total power requirement 0,9 kw

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 3810x575x1520 mm Hodpfovz E Scex Afnofi Weight 1000 kg Total power requirement 8 kw

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 2650x640x1400 mm Hfedjvz E T Hspfx Afnsi Weight 700 kg Total power requirement 5 kw

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 860x1060x1060 mm Weight 280 kg Total power requirement 3 kw Hfsdpfsvz En Rox Afnsi

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Dimensions (L/W/H) 1050x830x1100 mm Weight 133 kg Total power requirement 2,1 kw Hfsdpfx Afjvz E Hmjnoi

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, machine/vehicle number: 1000025340, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 6,735 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,650 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 245,290 mm, workpiece height (max.): 60 mm, controller manufacturer: Biesse BH 660, bSolid, bEdge, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse X-axis: 85 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 85 m/min, Assembly of the the machine could be done by our subcontractor on the agreed price. Hsdpfxsycvcxs Afnjfi

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Edge banding machine as demo unit 5 units (aggregates): Joint trimming unit incl. AIGNER diamond joint cutter heads, with Konstantin DIA interchangeable knife system and controlled edge air-blast nozzle behind the second joint cutter head. End trimming unit: 1 motor, 2 saw blades Radius milling unit with Easy Set adjustment system Radius scraper unit, retractable, incl. - Extraction device with chip collection box for scraper shavings - with Easy Set adjustment system Hjdpow Rcmyefx Afnjfi - 2 digital readouts Flat scraper unit with 4-way usable scraper blades. The unit is retractable. General features: - High-gloss package: tracing rollers for the radius milling unit, radius scraper unit, and flat scraper unit - Large viewing, noise, and safety enclosure for all processing units and the glue pot - Teflon-coated glue pot with energy-saving mode in standby - Glue application roller with feed screw for long and tall workpieces - Pressure zone with motor-driven 1st steel pressure roller + 1 rubber roller - Reel shear for edging 44 x 2 mm Technical data: Edge thickness: 0.4 – 2 mm Min. panel width: 120 mm Min. panel length: 90 mm Min. panel thickness: 10 mm Max. panel thickness: 40 mm Feed speed: 7 m/min Extraction connections: 3 x 150 mm Connection: 8 kW - 400 V / pneumatic: 6 bar

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, Edgebanding machine Manufacturer: Felder Model: Tempora 60.06, F600 Year of manufacture: 2019 Fully automatic operation from the control panel. Hfjdpfsxix Hxsx Afnsi Jointing unit: Yes End trimming unit: Yes Radius milling unit: Yes Radius scraper: Yes

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1998, 0.4-5 mm Workingpiece thickness from to 10-50 mm Total length 2730 mm Weight 720 kg Hsdpfox Tu Rdex Afnefi

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, machine/vehicle number: Werksüberarbeitungsnummer: WÜA1363DK-F7560, Used Machine GM020.0068 AKV 3003 DK - F Year of manufacture: 2007 Hfsdjw Nih Iopfx Afnsi Specification: 3 mm 1st milling station: Combination Surface pull scraper with extraction Chassis Pneumatic milling adjustment Limit switch lever, 7.5° inclination

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, One-sided automatic edge banding machine with pre-milling unit, direct glue application to straight workpieces, end trimming station with VR function , HF-top and bottom milling unit, chain feed, double roller top pressure and extendable work piece support. For ABS and PVC roll material as well as fixed lengths from 0.4 – 2.0 mm and of 8 – 50 mm work piece thickness. • Speed: 5,5 m/min. • 2 spaces for finishing unit • 5,6“ Colour Touch screen →Automatic edge feeding for roller material over turntable D = 600 mm →Two reverse, operating-controlled pre-milling units with diamond charged helical joining millers provide a neat and tear-free premilling of the work pieces before the gluing of the edge material →Glue application directly to workpieces: Teflon-coated glue pot with a capacity of 1,5 kg, leak-proof with glue supply from below (excess glue automatically flows back into the glue pot). Glue roller allows exact dosage of glue. Electronic temperature control with automatic stand-by function (reduces probability that the glue burns if the machine is not used for a longer period and is still turned on) →Pneumatically operated cut-off knife from roll material up to 2 mm edge thickness →Pressure unit consisting of one driven pressure roller synchronized with glue spreading roller and one adjustable pressure roller with spring tension for a nearly invisible joint of the edge material with the work piece →End trimming station for front-and back egde with HF-Motor 0,27 KW /12000 U/min ,milling head with interchangeable knives and VR Function for vertical rounding . Automatic setting from workpiece, with dust collector system →High-frequency top and buttom milling station, 2 powerful 0.27 kW high-frequency motors with HM-WPL special millers; suitable for radius and bevel milling, horizontal and vertical scanning of the work piece; aggregate adjustment equipped with digital readouts for setting to various edge types; 2 extraction hoods, height adjustment of the upper aggregate with the top roll pressure →OMRON 5,6“ colour touchscreen controls glue temperature settings, automatic temperature reduction for stand-by function of the machine, switching on and off of aggregates and error diagnosis Additional finish aggregates (1 free space): →Glue scraper unit : Removes eventual glue rests with a slight draw cut from the glue joint of the work piece surface →Buffing unit : 2 motors 0,09 kW, 1,500 rpm provide a super-finish for ABS and PVC edge material Hodpfjip Uzpsx Afnjfi 67641340ec347

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, One-sided automatic edge banding machine with pre-milling Hfjdpfsd R U Acjx Afnsi unit, direct glue application to straight workpieces (EVA-PUR Glue pot with run-out function/optional), HF-cut-off saw station, HF-top and bottom milling unit, chain feed, double roller top pressure, extendable work piece support and signal lamp for work piece sequence. For ABS, PVC, melamine and strong wood veneer roll material as well as fixed lengths from 0.4 – 3.0 mm and of 8 – 50 mm work piece thickness. Speed: 7,0 m/min. • 2 spaces for finishing units • 7,0“ Colour Touch screen →Automatic edge feeding for material over turntable D=600 mm →Infeed lineal (400mm) →Two reverse, operating-controlled pre-milling units with diamond charged helical joining millers provide a neat and tear-free premilling of the work pieces before the gluing of the edge material →Glue application directly to workpieces: Teflon-coated glue pot with a capacity of 1,5 kg, leak proof with glue supply from below (excess glue automatically flows back into the glue pot). Glue roller allows exact dosage of glue. Separate glue roller temperature adjustment. Electronic temperature control with automatic stand-by function (reduces probability that the glue burns if the machine is not used for a longer periods and is still turned on). Optional: EVA/PUR glue pot with run out / cleaning function for quick change of glue. →Pneumatically operated cut-off knife from roll material up to 3 mm edge thickness →A group of two rollers exerting pressure on the edge band mechanically in order to achieve its adhesion onto the panel edge. The first roller is driven and the smaller second one is idle. Adjustment of the pressure rollers with mechanical SIKO display →High-frequency cut-off saw equipped with HF motor 0.21 kW, 12,000 rpm , 2 saw blades and high-precision linear guides ensure a clean and precise saw cut, with extraction hood. →High-frequency top and buttom milling station, 2 powerful 0.27 kW high-frequency motors with HM-WPL special millers; suitable for radius and bevel milling, horizontal and vertical scanning of the work piece; aggregate adjustment equipped with digital readouts for setting to various edge types; 2 extraction hoods for shavings with central extraction nozzle 2 x Ø 100 mm; height adjustment of the upper aggregate with the top roll pressure →Rotatable control panel with 7,0“ color touch screen controls glue temperature settings, automatic temperature reduction for stand-by function of the machine, switching on and off of aggregates and error diagnosis →LED lights →Optional : Riepe non-stick spray station and Riepe cleaning spray station Additional finish aggregates : →Radius scraper unit : With a slight draw cut eventual radius milling traces are removed to provide a perfect finish. The fine adjustment is made by digital readouts →Glue scraper unit : Removes eventual glue rests with a slight draw cut from the glue joint of the work piece surface →Buffing unit : 2 motors 0.05 kW, 1,500 rpm provide a super-finish for ABS and PVC edge material 67641340eaae3

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2023, One-sided automatic edge banding machine with pre-milling unit, direct glue application to straight workpieces (EVA-PUR Glue pot with run-out function/optional), 2-motor HF-cut-off saw station, HF-top and bottom Multiprofile milling unit, 2-motor corner rounding unit, chain feed, motorized beam pressure with encoder and ball-bearing double roller top pressure, extendable work piece support, signal lamp for work piece sequence, synchronization of working units by encoder as well as L-Motion control (18-axis). For ABS, PVC, melamine and strong wood veneer roll material as well as fixed lengths from 0.4 – 3.0/5.0 mm and of 10 – 60 mm work piece thickness. →Automatic edge feeding for roller material over turntable D = 800 mm. →Longer infeed lineal (650 mm) →Pre-milling units :Two reverse, operating-controlled pre-milling units with diamond charged helical joining millers provide a neat and tear-free premilling of the work pieces before the gluing of the edge material. →Glue application directly to workpieces: Teflon-coated glue pot with a capacity of 1,5 kg, leak proof with glue supply from below (excess glue automatically flows back into the glue pot). Glue roller allows exact dosage of glue. Separate glue roller temperature adjustment. Electronic temperature control with automatic stand-by function (reduces probability that the glue burns if the machine is not used for a longer periods and is still turned on). Optional: EVA/PUR glue pot with run out / cleaning function for quick change of glue →Pneumatically operated cut-off knife from roll material up to 3mm edge thickness. Hfjdpof Tdwcefx Afnoi →Automatic feeding magazin (70mm magazin capacity) with spiked roller for solid wood. →Pressure unit consisting of one driven pressure roller synchronized with glue spreading roller and two of smaller diameter, conical, one positive and one negative pressure roller with pneumatic tension for a nearly invisible joint of the edge material with the work piece, program-controlled setting for edge thickness via L-Motion Motor →High-frequency cut-off saw equipped with 2 HF motors 0.55 kW, 12,000 rpm , 2 saw blades and high-precision linear guides ensure a clean and precise saw cut, with extraction hoods. Pneumatically tilting from the screen →High-frequency top and buttom milling station, 2 powerful 0.55 kW high-frequency motors with Multifunctional tool (straight + 3 different radius), horizontal and vertical scanning of the work piece; 3 L-Motion motors each for positioning of the horizontal copy shoes, positioning of the vertical copy shoe and positioning of the multifunctional tool →Corner rounding unit : Automatic processing of corner edges up to 3 mm edge thickness. Equipped with 2 high frequency motor 0, 27 kW, selectable on operating panel. One side (front or back edge) or both side corner rounding unit. 2 L-Motion motors each for positioning of the horizontal copy shoes and positioning of the tool. →Rotatable control panel with 10“ color touch screen controls glue temperature settings, automatic temperature reduction for stand-by function of the machine, switching on and off of aggregates and error diagnosis, the motorized beam pressure, extensive program memory and fully automatic operation of the processing units via L-Motion Motors →Mulitprofile Radius scraper unit : With a slight draw cut eventual radius milling traces are removed to provide a perfect finish. It is equipped with a multiprofile t

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, One-sided automatic edge banding machine with pre-milling unit, direct glue application to straight workpieces (EVA-PUR Glue pot with run-out function/optional), HF-cut-off saw station with 2xMotors , HF-top and bottom milling unit, corner rounding unit, chain feed, double roller top pressure, extendable work piece support, signal lamp for work piece sequence and synchronisation of working units by encoder. For ABS, PVC, melamine and strong wood veneer roll material as well as fixed lengths from 0.4 – 3.0/6.0 mm and of 8 – 60 mm work piece thickness. Speed: 10,0 m/min.; 8,0 m/min. with corner rounding • 3 spaces for finishing units • 10“ Colour Touch screen Hsdpsl Rix Nsfx Afnsfi →Automatic edge feeding for roller material over turntable D = 800 mm →Longer infeed lineal (650 mm) →Two reverse, operating-controlled pre-milling units with diamond charged helical joining millers provide a neat and tear-free premilling of the work pieces before the gluing of the edge material →Glue application directly to workpieces: Teflon-coated glue pot with a capacity of 1,5 kg, leak proof with glue supply from below (excess glue automatically flows back into the glue pot). Glue roller allows exact dosage of glue. Separate glue roller temperature adjustment. Electronic temperature control with automatic stand-by function (reduces probability that the glue burns if the machine is not used for a longer periods and is still turned on). Optional: EVA/PUR gluepot with run out / cleaning function for quick change of glue →Pneumatically operated cut-off knife from roll material up to 3mm edge thickness →Automatic feeding magazin (70mm magazin capacity) with spiked roller for solid wood →Pressure unit consisting of one driven pressure roller synchronized with glue spreading roller and two of smaller diameter, conical, one positive and one negative pressure roller with spring tension for a nearly invisible joint of the edge material with the work piece , adjustment of the pressure unit with digital readout. →High-frequency cut-off saw equipped with 2xHF motor 0.55 kW, 12,000 rpm, 2 saw blades and high-precision linear guides ensure a clean and precise saw cut, with extraction hood. →High-frequency top and buttom milling station, 2 powerful 0.55 kW high-frequency motors with HM-WPL special millers; suitable for radius, bevel and flush milling, horizontal and vertical scanning of the work piece; aggregate adjustment equipped with digital readouts for setting to various edge types; 2 extraction hoods for shavings with central extraction nozzle 2 x Ø 100 mm; height adjustment of the upper aggregate with the top roll pressure →Corner rounding unit : Automatic processing of corner edges up to 2 mm edge thickness. Equipped with one high frequency motor 0, 27 kW, selectable on operating panel. One side (front or back edge) or both side corner rounding unit. →Rotatable control panel with 10“ color touch screen controls glue temperature settings, automatic temperature reduction for stand-by function of the machine, switching on and off of aggregates and error diagnosis, incl. digital Meter counter Additional finish aggregates : →Radius scraper unit : With a slight draw cut eventual radius milling traces are removed to provide a perfect finish. The fine adjustment is made by digital readouts. →Glue scraper unit : Removes eventual glue rests with a slight draw cut from the glue joint of th

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, One-sided automatic edge banding machine with pre-milling unit, direct glue application to straight workpieces (EVA-PUR Glue pot with run-out function/optional), HF-cut-off saw station, HF-top and bottom milling unit, Corner rounding unit, chain feed, double roller top pressure, extendable work piece support and signal lamp for work piece sequence. For ABS, PVC, melamine and strong wood veneer roll material as well as fixed lengths from 0.4 –3.0 mm and of 8 – 50 mm work piece thickness. Speed: 7,0 m/min. • 2 spaces for finishing units • 10,0“ Colour Touch screen →Automatic edge feeding for material over turntable D=600 mm →Infeed lineal (400mm) →Two reverse, operating-controlled pre-milling units with diamond charged helical joining millers provide a neat and tear-free premilling of the work pieces before the gluing of the edge material Hfsdpfx Afed R U Adensi →Glue application directly to workpieces: Teflon-coated glue pot with a capacity of 1,5 kg, leak proof with glue supply from below (excess glue automatically flows back into the glue pot). Glue roller allows exact dosage of glue. Separate glue roller temperature adjustment. Electronic temperature control with automatic stand-by function (reduces probability that the glue burns if the machine is not used for a longer periods and is still turned on). Optional: EVA/PUR glue pot with run out / cleaning function for quick change of glue. →Pneumatically operated cut-off knife from roll material up to 3 mm edge thickness →A group of two rollers exerting pressure on the edge band mechanically in order to achieve its adhesion onto the panel edge. The first roller is driven and the smaller second one is idle. Adjustment of the pressure rollers with mechanical SIKO display →High-frequency cut-off saw equipped with HF motor 0.21 kW, 12,000 rpm , 2 saw blades and high-precision linear guides ensure a clean and precise saw cut, with extraction hood. →High-frequency top and buttom milling station, 2 powerful 0.27 kW high-frequency motors with HM-WPL special millers; suitable for radius and bevel milling, horizontal and vertical scanning of the work piece; aggregate adjustment equipped with digital readouts for setting to various edge types; 2 extraction hoods for shavings with central extraction nozzle 2 x Ø 100 mm; height adjustment of the upper aggregate with the top roll pressure →Corner rounding unit : automatic processing of corner edges up to 2 mm edge thickness. Equipped with one high frequency motor 0, 27 kW, selectable on operating panel →Rotatable control panel with 10,0“ color touch screen controls glue temperature settings, automatic temperature reduction for stand-by function of the machine, switching on and off of aggregates and error diagnosis →LED lights →Optional : Riepe non-stick spray station and Riepe cleaning spray station Additional finish aggregates : →Radius scraper unit : With a slight draw cut eventual radius milling traces are removed to provide a perfect finish. The fine adjustment is made by digital readouts →Glue scraper unit : Removes eventual glue rests with a slight draw cut from the glue joint of the work piece surface →Buffing unit : 2 motors 0.05 kW, 1,500 rpm provide a super-finish for ABS and PVC ed 67641340e9686

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, Contour edge banding machine up to 140 mm Work piece thickness, Speed from 2,5 - 12m/min, Quick change glue pot, Glue pot and glue roller teflon coated, Standby function, tilting machine table up to 45° and digital length counter. Standard machine incl. the following options : →electropneumatic pre-melting unit for 2 Kg Cartridge →motorized driving mechanism (patented) →supporting bars with steel balls Hfedpfx Afod Sb Duonei 67641340f3652

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, Compact and flexible in the smallest of spaces. At a length of only 2.13 m, workpieces are finished here. Equipped with a 1.1 KW high-frequency pre-milling unit and diamond-tipped spiral jointing cutter, Teflon-coated glue unit, pre-cut-off unit and HF multifunction milling unit, 2 free spaces for finishing units, such as a glue scraper unit and buffing unit. Easy operation via 3.5" color touch screen. ► Control via 3.5 inch color touch screen ► pre-milling unit with a 1.1 KW high-frequency motor with diamond-tipped spiral milling cutter in the counter-rotation ensures clean and Tear-free joining of the workpieces before the edge is banded ► Teflon-coated glue Pot with automatic stand-by function ► Automatic edge feeding with roller plate D = 600 mm for Edge material as roll goods as well as fixed lengths of 0.4 – 2.0 mm for ABS, PVC, or melamine edges ► Pressure station with 2 pressure rollers for optimal pressure of the Edge material. Hfederrzklopfx Afnji ► HF multifunction milling unit - suitable for radius and flush milling of the longitudinal edge, as well as for the front and rear edge of the workpiece, incl. vertical rounding of the edge ► 2 free spaces for finishing units such as glue scraper unit or buffing unit ► Workpiece chain feed with rubberized chain plates and Double Roller Upper Pressure ► Pressure bar with central adjustment and SIKO display ► Fixed workpiece support (optionally extendable workpiece support for large workpieces) ► 400 mm long infeed lineal with support ► LED lighting in the cabin (optional) ► Machining of workpieces with a thickness of 10 – 45 mm ► Feed speed 6.5 m/min ► Machine length 2130 mm 67641340f13ce

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, 67641340dc13f Hfedpsl Rix Eefx Afnsi

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, One-sided automatic edge banding machine with pre-milling unit, direct glue application to straight workpieces (EVA-PUR Glue pot with run-out function/optional), HF-cut-off saw station, HF-top and bottom milling unit, corner rounding unit, chain feed, double roller top pressure, extendable work piece support, signal lamp for work piece sequence and synchronisation of working units by encoder. For ABS, PVC, melamine and strong wood veneer roll material as well as fixed lengths from 0.4 – 3.0/6.0 mm and of 8 – 60 mm work piece thickness. Speed: 10,0 m/min.; 8,0 m/min. with corner rounding • 3 spaces for finishing units • 10“ Colour Touch screen →Automatic edge feeding for roller material over turntable D = 800 mm →Longer infeed lineal (650 mm) →Two reverse, operating-controlled pre-milling units with diamond charged helical joining millers provide a neat and tear-free premilling of the work pieces before the gluing of the edge material →Glue application directly to workpieces: Teflon-coated glue pot with a capacity of 1,5 kg, leak proof with glue supply from below (excess glue automatically flows back into the glue pot). Glue roller allows exact dosage of glue. Separate glue roller temperature adjustment. Electronic temperature control with automatic stand-by function (reduces probability that the glue burns if the machine is not used for a longer periods and is still turned on). Optional: EVA/PUR gluepot with run out / cleaning function for quick change of glue →Pneumatically operated cut-off knife from roll material up to 3mm edge thickness →Automatic feeding magazin (70mm magazin capacity) with spiked roller for solid wood →Pressure unit consisting of one driven pressure roller synchronized with glue spreading roller and two of smaller diameter, conical, one positive and one negative pressure roller with spring tension for a nearly invisible joint of the edge material with the work piece , adjustment of the pressure unit with digital readout. →High-frequency cut-off saw equipped with HF motor 0.35 kW, 12,000 rpm, 2 saw blades and high-precision linear guides ensure a clean and precise saw cut, with extraction hood. →High-frequency top and buttom milling station, 2 powerful 0.55 kW high-frequency motors with HM-WPL special millers; suitable for radius, bevel and flush milling, horizontal and vertical scanning of the work piece; aggregate adjustment equipped with digital readouts for setting to various edge types; 2 extraction hoods for shavings with central extraction nozzle 2 x Ø 100 mm; height adjustment of the upper aggregate with the top roll pressure Hfjdjd R U Agjpfx Afnei →Corner rounding unit : Automatic processing of corner edges up to 2 mm edge thickness. Equipped with one high frequency motor 0, 27 kW, selectable on operating panel. One side (front or back edge) or both side corner rounding unit. →Rotatable control panel with 10“ color touch screen controls glue temperature settings, automatic temperature reduction for stand-by function of the machine, switching on and off of aggregates and error diagnosis, incl. digital Meter counter Additional finish aggregates : →Radius scraper unit : With a slight draw cut eventual radius milling traces are removed to provide a perfect finish. The fine adjustment is made by digital readouts. →Glue scraper unit : Removes eventual glue rests with a slight draw cut from the glue joint of the work piece surf

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2024, Contour edge banding machine for hot melt glue application to 0.4 - 3.0 mm edge material →Direct glue application to edging material: Bottom infeed of glue granules resulting in spill proof glue pot. Quick heating-up time after machine omatic start of application roller after approx. 8-10 mins. →Pressure roller driven by gearmotor infinitely adjustable between 0-15 m/min. →Automatic edging feed-in and automatic cut-off operation for straight and curved workpieces via footpedal →Pneumatic cutt-off unit capacity max. 3 x 30 mm →Turntable D=600mm Hfjdpfx Aod Sb Dtofnji 67641341015f6

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, - Edge banding unit - Cutting unit Hsdpfx Aod Inktsfnsfi - Milling unit - Fine milling unit - Scraper blade - Buffing unit

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1989, Machine with full equipment Length approx. 9 m Jointing Hfedpfxsf Ua R Ho Afnsi Rip sawing Dadoing Rounding Edge profiling Scraping Edge profiling

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, Edge banding machine with joiner milling cutter. Hedpfxjgmn H Ae Afnsfi Otherwise, fully equipped. PU adhesive can be used.