Used Filling And Packaging Machine for sale (75,180)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, Automatic in-line filling machine: Model: Bosch FLK 6040 CIP Year : 1997 Power: 5 kW Speed: 30-40 bottles/min Conveyor width: 8 cm Transporting bottles from right to left Linear dosing system with 6 stainless steel pistons Filling point: 6 heads Plunger filling head: yes Volume: from 15 to 500 ml Pistons replaced in 2012. Filling accuracy: +/- 0.5% depending on the product Product: liquid/semi-liquid for bottles, flasks, cans Formats : ⌀ 41 to 115 mm Hauteur max : 320 mm Minimum internal diameter of opening: 5 mm Closed hopper Clean-in-place (CIP) module Maximum temperature: 60°C Dimension : 400 x 150 x 320 cm Weight : 2100 kg Several formats and spare parts available.   Capping/screwing machine: Model : VLM 7010 Year : 1997 Power : 10 kW Transporting bottles by conveyor belt. Direction from right to left. Screw, pressure or push-fit sealing system Capacity : 60 units / min Bottle dimensions: Width: 16 to 90 mm Length: 16 to 135 mm Height: 40 to 280 mm Diameter: 16 to 100 mm Cap dimensions: Cjdpfx Ajyfw H Rsc Negt screw cap: Diameter : 16 à 60 mm Height : 13 à 50 mm Width: 16 to 60 mm Length: 16 to 60 mm pressure cap: Diameter : 16 à 60 mm Height : 13 à 50 mm Width: 16 to 60 mm Length : 16 à 70 mm Machine dimensions: 400 x 130 x 200 cm (+ electrical cabinet 160 x 50 x 170 cm) Weight : 2050 kg  

Year of construction: 2011, condition: excellent (used), Packer Brand Redpack Model P325D Year of manufacture 2011 Voltage 380 V Dimensions 5400 x 2000 x 1200 mm Weight 1500 kg Cgedpfxev Ur Nze Ac Net

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, Automatic machine for closing various types of trays. Possibility of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and vacuum packaging. Number of bars: 12/minute (speed depends on tray dimensions and product parameters) Tool length: 750mm Number of trays per bar; Cgodpfer A Euxjx Ac Net -Tray 227×178- 4 pcs. from the bar -Tray 187×137- 5 pcs per bar -Trays 205×160- 4 pcs a bar -Tray 325×264- 2 pcs per bar Weight of the machine: 800 kg Compressed air: 6-8 bar Power supply: 3×400/230V VAC 50 Hz

Condition: excellent (used), Endoline Carton Erector Model 221 With bottom taper Serial number: 051235542 415 V, 3 Ph, 50 Hz Cjdsv Tywwepfx Ac Negt Dimensions carton erector: 1850 mm x 1850 mm x 2150 mm Including outfeed roller conveyor, roller width: 400 mm Dimensions roller conveyor: 1750 mm x 800 mm x 550 mm.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, OCS Checkweigher Weight range min - 100grams, Max 800 grams Speed 30 pieces / min Cgjdpfxjucgalj Ac Njt Power 230v / 50hz Complete with touch screen control Two pneumatic reject arms Fully stainless steel Belt dimensions 1750mm x 195mm In good working condition

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2003, Haver & Boecker SWA/MECII-20 Loading device  Haver & Boecker SWA/MECII-20 Loose loading device with scale for loading trucks or wagons with bulk material Suitable for free-flowing, non-dusty bulk materials  Description Brand: Haver & Boecker Type: SWA/MECII-20 Year: 2003 Temperature limits: -10 ° C / 40 ° C Voltage: 230V Frequency: 50 Hz Pneumatic pressure: 5 bar; Max 40 kg Min 10 kg Dimensions: Section I L2.43 x W187 x H310 Section II L240 x B240 x H310 Haver Nettowage with rack Csdpfx Acsg Sfa Tj Njgt Weighing and evaluation electronics MEC II-20 for control of weighing and/or machine functions Advantages - high operating comfort - easy programmability - PTB and OIML approval - 99 product type memories - Operator guidance via plain text display in 6 selectable languages BT 15 operating terminal For automatic remote product type adjustment,  incl. motorised adjustment of bag length/width parameters. Financing through our bank is also possible. komplett-konzept.leasingo.de Further articles - new and used - can be found in our shop! International shipping costs on request!

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 380 V, total width: 1,340 mm, total length: 8,600 mm, total height: 1,990 mm, overall weight: 2,000 kg, Equipment: documentation/manual, Horizontal forming and liquid filling packaging machine for Doy-pack pouches with handle and welded plastic spout, intended for liquids. Complete with buffer tank and liquid pump, plastic cap feeder, and cap conveyor. Operating manual and control panel available in Polish and English. Specification: Doypack packaging parameters: - Maximum pouch dimensions: 240 mm (width) x 310 mm (height) x 45 mm (depth) - Minimum pouch dimensions: 120 mm (width) x 140 mm (height) x 20 mm (depth) Cgsdpfx Acjyq Rrde Not - Maximum filling volume: 1000 ml - Packaging speed: 50 pouches/min - Maximum diameter of film reel: 400 mm - Film reel core diameter (internal): 70–80 mm - Power consumption: 7–9 kW - Compressed air consumption: 0.4 m³/min - Net weight: approx. 2000 kg - Machine dimensions: 8600 mm (L) x 1340 mm (W) x 1990 mm (H) (excluding dosing units) - Voltage: 380 V ± 20 V (three-phase power supply)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, total height: 2,050 mm, total width: 1,930 mm, total length: 2,600 mm, type of input current: DC, overall weight: 1,050 kg, power of the servo motor: 3,500 W, film width: 500 mm, input voltage: 230 V, product height (min.): 10 mm, product height (max.): 250 mm, product width (max.): 450 mm, product length (min.): 100 mm, product width (min.): 10 mm, product length (max.): 650 mm, air demand: 0.5 m³/h, Equipment: compressor, Packer Plus P400 Parcel Packing Machine, manufactured in 2025, is designed for automatic packing of parcels into plastic mailers, simultaneous sealing, and application of address labels. The machine is ideally suited for logistics centers, online stores, and dispatch warehouses. Model: Packer Plus P400 Year of manufacture: 2025 Throughput: approx. 600 parcels/hour Packing method: plastic film + heat sealing Automatic address label application Condition: Very good / like new Included in the scope of delivery: - Computer with monitor - Compressor required for machine operation The machine is ready for immediate use, significantly speeds up the packing process, and reduces manual handling costs. Integrated functions performed by the machine: - Scanning - Packing - Label printing - Label application Supported product dimensions: Length: 100–650 mm Cgedpjyx Ebqefx Ac Njt Width: 10–450 mm Height: 10–250 mm Maximum speed: up to 1,200 parcels per hour Typical working speed: 700–850 parcels per hour Label dimensions: Length: 60–180 mm Width: 70–100 mm Printer: Zebra ZE500 industrial printer, supporting both direct thermal and thermal transfer printing. Components: PLC controller: Siemens Sensors: Omron Safety components: Schneider, Sick, Eaton Integrated computer system for machine operation Communication interfaces: Ethernet, USB, RS232 Power supply: 230 V Power consumption: 3,500 W Working pressure: 0.8–1.0 MPa Air consumption: 0.5 m³/min Overall dimensions: 2,600 × 1,930 × 2,050 mm Weight: 1,050 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, warranty duration: 24 months, New filling machine / dosing machine, suitable for filling a variety of liquids. Examples include: - Milk - Water - Alcohol - Disinfectants - Etc. This is a robust machine that operates on compressed air and 220V, Plug and Play! It is ideally suited for filling small batches. Only a very small air compressor is required to operate the machine; if desired, this can be supplied as well. We recommend at least a 12L compressor. The filling machine is equipped with a 1000ml cylinder, allowing it to dispense a maximum of 1000ml per stroke. For larger volumes, multiple strokes can be programmed. For example, 2500ml can be easily filled in 2 x 1250ml. The minimum dosage per stroke is 100ml; any volume between 100 and 1000ml can be filled in a single stroke. We also offer models with cylinders up to 5000ml per stroke. The unit comes with a suction hose, enabling direct suction from a barrel or IBC container. The machine features a foot pedal and an automatic mode. In automatic mode, the machine will continuously fill, making it simple and fast to handle larger quantities. The foot pedal allows for manual filling at your own pace. Cgsdsrivxcjpfx Ac Njt Depending on the operator and the volume per fill, between 15 and 25 units per minute can be filled, making this a very fast machine. The machine weighs approximately 15-20kg and can be conveniently placed on a table. Entirely constructed from stainless steel, it is a very high-quality, industrial-grade machine. For questions, please feel free to email; we are happy to assist with this or another machine. We also supply a labelling machine which is a perfect match for the filler. We strive to respond to your inquiries within 24 hours. Of course, we are also available by phone. Our office hours are Monday to Friday, 09:00–17:00.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, operating hours: 34,590 h, machine/vehicle number: R81, Used Aseptic Filling Machine Tetra Pak A3/Flex 150V TBA 1000B – Overview This second hand Tetra Pak A3/Flex 150V TBA 1000B is a proven aseptic carton filler engineered for industrial packaging and beverage production. Configured for Tetra Brik Aseptic 1000 ml (Base) packs, it delivers reliable, continuous operation for UHT milk, juices, and other shelf-stable beverages. With a nominal capacity of approximately 7,000 packs/hour, this used bottling line component combines high throughput with aseptic integrity for modern carton packaging. Technical Specifications & Performance Data Manufacturer: Tetra Pak Model: A3/Flex 150V TBA 1000B Year of manufacture: 2008 Filling type: Aseptic (non-isobaric carton filling) Package format: Tetra Brik Aseptic 1000 ml (Base) Nominal speed: ≈ 7,000 packs/hour Working hours: ≈ 30,000 hours Utilities Electrical: 400 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase Cedpfsx H Thuex Ac Negt Installed power: up to ≈ 50 kW (typ. 35–50 kW depending on configuration) Compressed air: 6–8 bar, ≈ 300–500 Nl/min Water/steam: ≈ 0.5–1.0 m³/h (for processing/sterilization utilities) Dimensions & Weight Approximate footprint (L × W × H): 7 × 3 × 4.5 m Approximate weight: ≈ 7,000 kg (model range 6,000–8,000 kg) Note: Technical values are indicative for this A3/Flex configuration and should be confirmed during inspection/FAT. Advanced Automation & Control Systems The A3/Flex platform features OEM PLC-based control with a touchscreen HMI for recipe handling, alarms, and diagnostics. Motion control synchronizes forming, filling, and sealing cycles to maintain aseptic integrity and packaging quality at high speeds. Typical capabilities include: Recipe management for UHT milk, juices, and beverage variants Integrated process supervision and event/alarm logs I/O provisions for upstream/downstream line devices Recommended verification prior to start-up: PLC functions, valve actuation, pump performance, and seal integrity Production Line Integration Capabilities This aseptic carton filler integrates efficiently within a used bottling line or new beverage production layout: Upstream: packaging material feed and sterilization modules as per OEM design Downstream: conveyors to accumulation, straw/cap applicators, case packers, palletizers Utilities/process: interfaces for CIP/SIP connection to plant systems, sterile air, water, and steam Controls: standard digital/analog I/O and fieldbus-ready architecture depending on configuration Ideal for second hand industrial packaging projects requiring aseptic carton formats and stable high-speed operation. Machine Condition & Maintenance History Condition: used, currently in storage Approximate machine hours: ≈ 30,000 Operational note: continuous production achievable with proper preventive maintenance Recommended checks before commissioning: pumps, aseptic valves, PLC functionality, elastomers and seals Routine inspection, replacement of wear parts, and validation of aseptic barriers are advised prior to restart. Operational Performance & Versatility Product scope: UHT milk, juice, and shelf-stable beverages

Condition: excellent (used), Grunwald flexliner. 3-lane. For denesting trays and hot filling, with 3 x Smartdate X60 printers for film. Sealing 3 at a time. Exiting into single lane. Size of machine is approx. 8 m long x 1.7 m wide with external control panel 1.8 m x 350 mm. All s/s. With one set of tooling for round pot. Cgedpfx Aexphqasc Nst

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, total height: 1,600 mm, input voltage: 380 V, total width: 900 mm, overall weight: 225 kg, Technical specifications: Power supply: Voltage: 380–415 V Phase: 3-phase Frequency: 50 Hz Power: approx. 0.26 kW Current: 1.08 A Compressed air: Required: yes Operating pressure: approx. 6 bar Carton dimensions (adjustable) Minimum box size: Length: approx. 150 mm Width: approx. 120 mm Height: approx. 120 mm Maximum box size: Length: unlimited (depending on feed) Width: approx. 500 mm Height: approx. 650 mm (manually adjustable) Capacity / speed: Speed: approx. 20–25 boxes per minute (depending on box length and operator) Conveyor belt speed: approx. 22 m/min Tape: Tape width: 50 mm (optionally 75 mm with different tape head) Cgedpfx Acsyi Hzro Njt Tape type: PP / PVC packaging tape

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, CFS Powerpack 660 Thermoforming Packaging Machine with Labeling System – Year 2007 For sale: complete CFS Powerpack 660 thermoforming packaging line, manufactured in Germany, equipped with labeling system (TiroLabel) and vacuum system. Ideal for high-quality food packaging applications. Technical Details: Manufacturer: CFS Germany GmbH Model: Powerpack 660 Year: 2007 Machine No.: 664/0561 Voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Power: 29 kW Current: 45 A Phase: 3AC + N + PE Included Equipment: Integrated TiroLabel labeling system Vacuum pump (Busch) Pneumatic system with cylinders and control units Tooling/moulds for trays (as shown) Complete documentation/manuals Description: Fully automatic thermoforming machine designed for forming, filling, vacuum/MAP packaging and sealing. The machine is built in stainless steel and suitable for hygienic food production environments. Equipped with labeling unit, allowing direct application of labels on packs, which increases productivity and reduces manual work. Applications: Cheese (blocks, slices, portions) Meat and processed meat products Ready meals Other food products Features: Thermoforming, sealing and cutting in one process Vacuum/MAP capable Integrated labeling system Reliable German build quality Continuous industrial operation Condition: Used, well maintained Cgedsy Hdkyepfx Ac Nst In working condition Available for inspection Location: Serbia

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: unexamined, CFS Powerpack 660 Thermoforming Packaging Machine – Year 2006 For sale: high-quality CFS Powerpack 660 thermoforming packaging machine, manufactured in Germany. This machine is designed for reliable and efficient packaging of food products, ideal for dairy (cheese), meat, and similar applications. Technical Details: Manufacturer: CFS Germany GmbH Model: Powerpack 660 Year: 2006 Machine No.: 661/0389 Voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Power: 32 kW Csdpfey Hdkgsx Ac Nogt Current: 48 A Phase: 3AC + N + PE Film width: 460 mm Description: The machine is in good working condition and has been regularly maintained. It offers stable performance and consistent sealing quality. Suitable for vacuum and/or MAP packaging (depending on configuration). Robust stainless-steel construction ensures durability and hygiene compliance for food production environments. Applications: Cheese (blocks, slices, portions) Meat products Ready meals Other food products Features: Automatic thermoforming and sealing process User-friendly control panel Continuous operation capability Compact and solid industrial design Condition: Used, well maintained Available for inspection Location: Serbia Loading: Can be arranged Shipping: Assistance possible on request

Condition: not inspected (used), Year of construction: 2004, functionality: unexamined, CFS Compact M380 thermoforming machine - year 2004 Industrial thermoform (traysealer/packaging) machine of renowned manufacturer CFS (Italy), model Compact M380, for sale. The machine is intended for packaging products in plastic containers with vacuum and/or gas (MAP), suitable for the food industry. Basic features: Model: CFS Compact M380 Year of manufacture: 2004 Power supply: 400 V, three-phase (3AC + N + PE), 50 Hz Power: 26 kW Current: 38 A Compressed air consumption: approx. 7,600 Nl/min Water consumption: approx. 2.75 l/h Weight: about 3100 kg Description: The machine is complete and ready to work. Robust construction, made of stainless steel, easy to maintain and clean. Equipped with a control panel for managing the packaging process. Suitable for different types of products (meat, cheese, ready meals, etc.). 2 labelers For more information and price, please contact. Cedpfx Aey Hdi Aoc Nsgt

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, warranty duration: 12 months, MC100 – Capsule Loader / Filler Semi-automatic filling machine model MC 100 for hard gelatin capsules with 100 holes, enabling the production of up to 3,200 capsules per hour. The machine consists of a loader and a filler, both mounted on a separate base. The machine is supplied complete, including a powder pressing device and an electromagnetic vibrator to ensure uniform distribution of powder into the capsules. The machine is equipped with one capsule format, selectable between sizes 00 – 0 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 4. On request, capsule sizes 000, 5 and DB Caps can also be supplied. Technical data: Cgjdpfxsyktzue Ac Not Single base Machine dimensions: 650 x 380 x 410 mm Net weight: 30 kg Electrical connection: 1 Ph. 230 V, 50 Hz.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2010, For sale is a packaging machine of the Boss brand and type Titan 1400 The machine is fully functional and, thanks to its stainless steel surface, is ideal for food packaging. suitable. Technical data Year of construction: 2010 Cedpfx Aeuaflzjc Nogt Power: 2.9 KW Interior dimensions: 1360*690*150 mm TÜV: until October 2024 Welding unit available. The offer is without packaging material On request, loading and transport can be organized for an additional charge All prices plus VAT B088Itab Viewing possible by appointment. Contact us, our team will be happy to help you. Trade-in or exchange possible! Machines purchase / sale PURCHASE / SALE OF PRODUCTION & METALWORKING MACHINES AND MUCH MORE. Do you need a high-quality but inexpensive metalworking machine for your production? Or do you want to sell yours?

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 10.17.0120.11.2017, Equipment: documentation/manual, Our shrink bundler is an industrial machine designed to group and package products (such as bottles, boxes, logs, bundles, etc.) by wrapping them in heat-shrinkable plastic film to form a stable bundle (also known as “fardelage”). This process facilitates storage, transport, and handling of products by keeping them together in a secure and stable manner. Cgodpfsyk Equex Ac Net

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 400 V, film width: 1,340 mm, input frequency: 50 Hz, Skinpack packaging machine, manufactured to special order for maximum working space. Never connected to a production line; not used due to change in product range. Fully operational as shown in the video. Maximum film size: 1340 mm. Maximum working table size: 1300x1300 mm. Total power: 25 kW. Power supply: 3x400V 50 Hz. Weight: 600 kg. Cgodpfsyy Rl Djx Ac Not Skin-pac skin skinpac

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2021, Horizontal cartoner, packaging machine -Manufacturer: nomatech, conveyor belt from packaging machine/cartoner BOX 60H -Type: BOX 60H -Band width: 230 mm Cgjdpexnir Nsfx Ac Njt -Shipping/Price: complete -Dimensions: 3330/600/H730 mm -Weight: 264 kg

Condition: good (used), Horizontal cartoner, packaging machine -Conveyor belt: from packaging machine/cartoner -Speed: 1 m/min Csdpfxsxnirpo Ac Negt -Conveyor belt length: 1335 mm -Cardboard width: adjustable -Dimensions: 1670/1000/H530 mm -Weight: 100 kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, Norden 700 Plastic Tube Filler Provides outputs of up to 70 tubes per minute and is designed and manufactured to produce the highest possible packaging quality standards at maximum operational efficiencies. Plastic and laminate tubes may be sealed using the Norden´s patented Hot-Air Sealing system. Year: 2006 Model:700 Key information: – Production capacity: 70 tpm Cgodpfx Acov Hxu Ue Njt – Filling volume: 1-300 ml – Tube length: 50-250 mm – Tube diameter: 10-60 mm – Infeed system: cassette – Blow off filling nozzle - Fully working condition

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, For sale: (For more extensive technical data, see PDF) Technical details of the machine: - Long-tube filling system with 40 filling valves and 8 KK plungers. - Pre-evacuation system to reduce oxygen intake. - Hygienic bottle table and stainless steel components for durability. - Mechanical adjustment range: 3,000 to 15,000 bottles/hour. - Performance range: 0.33l LN 3,000–13,500 bottles/hour, 0.5l NRW 3,000–12,000 bottles/hour. - Minimal oxygen intake: maximum 0.02 mg O2/l. - Conversion parts available for different bottle types (0.33l longneck, 0.33l Steini, 0.5l NRW). Advantages of the machine: The machine offers numerous advantages that enhance the quality of the filling process. - Gentle, product-friendly filling under CO2 atmosphere. - 50–60% less CO2 consumption compared to short tube filling systems. - High longevity thanks to reinforced drive components. - Hygienic design for easy cleaning. - Short changeover times. - Convertible to cans according to manufacturer specifications (conversion kit not included). Codpfx Aswqz Nnjc Nsgt Low operating hours: 3 days per week, 7 hours each; rarely operated for 4 days per week. Annual maintenance by the manufacturer. The machine is immediately available; it was only removed from production about 5 months ago. Original purchase price was approx. €330,000.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, LiSEC, BSV-30/K + A1RL Autom. Frame Bending Machine BSV-45NK + Desiccant Filling Machine for Bent Spacer Frames Year: 1997. Processing of aluminum profiles. Bending tools included. Connection: 3/N/PE-50 Hz, 400 V, (BSV-30/K = 5,5 kW + A1RL = 1,1 kW) In good technical condition. Inspection is possible by appointment. Cgjdpfx Asytrvvec Njt Available: NOW

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, Sanovo OptiGrader 600 – 18 Packing lanes – built 2010 Offered for sale: a Sanovo OptiGrader 600, built in 2010, with a capacity of 216,000 eggs per hour (600 boxes per hour). This grader is equipped with 18 packing lanes, is in good but used condition and will be available very soon. 🔷 Description of the machine The Sanovo OptiGrader 600 is a professional egg grader known for its gentle egg handling, high capacity and reliable performance. The system is equipped with digital scales with an accuracy of 0.1 grams, ensuring very accurate sorting. The easy calibration and customer-friendly operation make this machine particularly suitable for daily intensive use. The machine has always been serviced by the dealer and comes complete with combi Loader. The rig can be viewed running in production. 🔷 Technical specifications Specification Description Brand Sanovo Type OptiGrader 600 Year built 2010 Capacity 216,000 eggs per hour Capacity (boxes) 600 boxes per hour Number of packaging jobs 18 Egg treatment Gentle handling of eggs Cleaning Weighing Digital scale, 0.1 g accuracy Calibration Simple Operation Customer-friendly Detection Crack and dirt detection Loader Combi loader Maintenance Always dealer-maintained Condition Good, used condition Availability Available very soon Viewing To view in production 🔷 Modules & equipment Crack detection Dirt detection Traystackers on the first 2 packing lanes Combi Loader 🔷 Features & benefits High capacity: 216,000 eggs per hour 18 packaging jobs Cautious egg treatment Digital weighing with 0.1 g precision Dirt and Crack detection User-friendly operation Running in production Dealer maintained installation 🔷 State of the machine Codpfxoyaubze Ac Negt The Sanovo OptiGrader 600 is in good but used condition and has been technically inspected. This is a complete and neat grading machine that can be reliably used within a professional packing station for many years to come. 🔷 Delivery, transportation & support Machine is available very soon Delivery by arrangement Transportation and support worldwide negotiable 🔷 Contact Are you interested in this Sanovo OptiGrader 600 or would you like additional information or to schedule a viewing? Please contact Bos Technical Support BV without obligation. All information in this ad has been compiled with care. Nevertheless, no rights can be derived from the content. Bos Technical Support BV accepts no liability for any errors, omissions or changes in specifications, prices or availability.