Used Forst Horizontal Internal Broaching Machine for sale (70,454)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, machine/vehicle number: IntNr231474, KEYENCE Model Series IM-6020, Year of Manufacture 2012 For sale is an optical measuring machine, KEYENCE IM-6020, in good, fully functional condition. The IM series is recognized for fast, high-precision, and operator-independent measurement, making it ideal for use in quality assurance, goods-in inspection, and production monitoring. Technical specifications (overview): Model: IM-6020 Nwodpfey Htv Esx Ahzsg Year of manufacture: 09/2012 Measuring principle: Optical / non-contact Measuring range (X/Y): approx. 200 × 200 mm Measuring range (Z): Height measurement via autofocus Measuring accuracy: up to approx. ±2 µm (depending on measurement conditions) Repeatability: Very high, operator-independent Camera: High-resolution CCD camera Illumination: Incident light / transmitted light / contour illumination Measuring functions: - Length, angle, radius, and diameter measurement - Contour and form measurement - Comparative measurement (OK/NOK) - Automatic dimension recognition Software: KEYENCE IM software for quick program creation Measuring time: A few seconds per component (even for multiple features) Condition: - Used - Well maintained - Fully operational - Ready for immediate use Machine dimensions: approx. 900 x 500 x 1500 mm Machine weight: approx. 32 kg The machine can be inspected by appointment. Subject to prior sale and changes or inaccuracies in the technical data and specifications.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, power: 16 kW (21.75 HP), input voltage: 380 V, input current: 63 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, travel distance X-axis: 3,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,300 mm, workpiece length (max.): 60 mm, number of axes: 3, controller manufacturer: ISAC, actuation type: electric, overall weight: 2,750 kg, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, GO! 1300M CNC DRILLING MACHINE OPD201001 HSD Spindle Motor 5,5 kW - ER32(Manual) OPD201100 HSD Boring Unit - 17 Tools Capacity OPA0032 AES Wop CAD/CAM Program OPA0710 HSK F63 ER32 Tool Holder Nsdoy Nyypjpfx Ahzjwg OPD201900 Go! Seaway Packaging System OPD201831 GO! HMI - English Interface

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 900 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 810 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, number of spindles: 1, number of slots in tool magazine: 150, Used Okuma MA-600HB Horizontal Machining Center Year: 2008 Spindle cooling Max. 6000 rpm Z- 810 mm X- 1000 mm Y- 900 mm Tool magazine for 150 tools 1 spindle 4 axes 10-pallet system Nedoyrf I Ajpfx Ahzewg We have 2 units available. Price is per unit, ex location.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, travel distance X-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 900 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 810 mm, spindle speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, Used Okuma MA-600 HB horizontal machining center, year 2008, including turncut function, spindle cooling, 6000 rpm. Travels: Z-810 mm, X-1000 mm, Y-900 mm. Tool magazine for 150 tools, 1 spindle, 4 axes, 6-pallet changer function. Nwjdpfoywicvjx Ahzeg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 400 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2003031, type of input current: AC, total length: 1,670 mm, total height: 1,550 mm, total width: 1,070 mm, input voltage: 220 V, overall weight: 450 kg, film width: 370 mm, Pillow Flow Wrapping Machine – Model KFD323 (2020) High-quality pillow flow wrapping machine in good working condition, fully operational and ready for immediate use in production. Key Specifications: Nwsdpsy Edglofx Ahzeg Model: KFD323 Year of Manufacture: 2020 Power Supply: 220 VAC Packing Speed: 15–30 bags per minute (depending on product and film) Film Width Range: 80–370 mm Features & Benefits: Suitable for a wide range of products including food, bakery items, and general goods Consistent and reliable sealing performance Adjustable settings for speed and film width to suit different packaging needs Compact and efficient design for easy integration into existing production lines The machine has been well maintained and is ideal for businesses looking for a cost-effective packaging solution without compromising on performance. 📩 Videos, additional photos, and inspection/viewing can be arranged upon reques

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7908 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Tool diameter, Wescott chuck 0-20mm - Max hole depth 155mm - Max milling length 250mm - Drill unit adjustment front/back, right/left + angle - Table adjustment up/down - Table swivel angle 0-45˚ - Working table dimensions 600x320mm - Four-point head 16-22-25-32mm - Material clamps 2 pcs - Motor power 2.2kW - Dimensions (L/W/H) 1050x800x1250mm - Weight 200kg ADVANTAGES – German-made – Very good condition – Eccentric clamps, 2 pcs – Not repainted – Used drilling machine Net price: 6,500 PLN Net price: 1,550 EUR based on rate 4.2 EUR (Prices may change with significant fluctuations) Nwodpfxoy Tw Tzo Ahzeg

Condition: used, grinding length 600 mm grinding width 200 mm workpiece height 250 mm grinding wheel diameter 200 mm grinding wheel width 20 mm weight of the machine ca. 1000 kg Nedju N I Nkjpfx Ahzowg dimensions of the machine ca. 2000 x 1200 x 1650 m

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 354, total length: 2,150 mm, total height: 1,600 mm, total width: 850 mm, controller manufacturer: Siemens, Equipment: CE marking, MACHINE DETAILS Control manufacturer: Siemens Control type: CNC Motor power: 4.0 kW Dimensions & Weight Nwsdpfx Ahsy Avuvozjg Dimensions (L x W x H): 2,150 x 850 x 1,600 mm Transport weight: 800 kg Transport packages: 1 EQUIPMENT Documentation CE marking

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, Manufacturer: Toyota Model: FH 550 Control: Fanuc Year of manufacture: 2006 X-axis travel: 750 mm Y-axis travel: 800 mm Z-axis travel: 850 mm Pallet size: 550 x 500 mm Spindle speed: 15,000 rpm Spindle power: 21.6 kW Tool changer: 49 positions Tool holder: Equipment Knoll high-pressure coolant system Nodpfxjy R Sc Sj Ahzswg Tool breakage detection Space requirement approx.: 3800 x 5700 x 2770 mm Weight approx.: 16,000 kg

Condition: good (used), max. wheel diameter 145 mm gear width 110 mm max. module 2 min. module 0,3 turning speeds 112 - 1000 U/min min. number of teeth 6 clamping length max. 150 mm total power requirement 3,5 kW Nedpfxjy Ivdhj Ahzowg weight of the machine ca. 1,3 t dimensions of the machine ca. 1,3 x 0,8 x 1,4 m

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, grinding diameter 20-35mm X-travel 450mm, Z-travel 200mm Nwedpfx Ajy Ix Ezshzjg exhaustion device, extinguishing system weight ca. 4000kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, Technical details: x-travel: 1100 mm y-travel: 900 mm Nedpfsxp Hgtsx Ahzewg z-travel: 1250 mm b-axis: 360 000 x 0,001 ° milling head speed: 1 - 10000 U/min spindle taper: ISO: 50 rapid traverse: 60 m/min pallet size:: 630 x 630 total power requirement: 37 kW weight of the machine ca.: 25 t with CNC control SIEMENS 840 D autom. toolchanger 165 pockets twin pallets 630 x 630 mm max. pallet load 1500 kg through spindle coolant chip conveyor and coolant attachment make KNOLL *

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 730 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 830 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 60 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 60 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 60 m/min, workpiece height (max.): 1,000 mm, workpiece diameter (max.): 500 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 500 kg, 📄 Product Description The Tongtai SH-5000P is a high-speed, high-rigidity horizontal machining center designed for efficient machining of aluminum and light metal workpieces. It features a compact structure, three-point support bed, high rapid traverse speed, and optional APC (Automatic Pallet Changer). The built-in spindle provides high speed and precision, ideal for automotive and general manufacturing industries. ⚙️ Technical Parameters Strokes on X/Y/Z: 730/730/830mm B axis rotary table: 0,001º indexing table Rapid traverse on X/Y/Z: 60/60/60 m/min Acceleration (X/Y/Z): 9.8 m/s Spindle Speed: 15,000 rpm. Tool Capacity: 60 pieces (upgraded from standard 40). Chip-to-Chip Time: 3.6 s (at 1,800 rpm). Pallet Dimensions: 500 x 500 mm. Max. Workpiece Height: 1,000 mm. Max. Rotation Diameter: 500 mm. Max. Table Load: 500 kg. Automatic Pallet Changer (APC): Included, with a 7 s changeover time. Machine size (Width x Depth x Height): 5,840 x 2,290 x 2,892 mm Machine weight: 12,400 kg. CNC Control: Siemens Sinumerik 840 D with 15" Display and Shopmill interface Internal Cooling: CTS (Coolant Through Spindle) at 70 Bar. Peripheral Equipment: Includes a Disc-type Oil Skimmer and an Oil Mist Collector. Energy Efficiency: Equipped with energy-efficient drives. Price is EXW (Stock Europe), Include loaded on truck. Transport, installation, commissioning, training, and yearly service contracts are available upon request for an additional fee. Nodpfjxnizdsx Ahzjwg Installation and training is always done by our high qualified Service team in 3 locations in Europe. Netherlands, Germany, Romania.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 123426, travel distance X-axis: 1,200 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 800 mm, controller manufacturer: Siemens, controller model: Sinumerik System 800 - 840C, workpiece weight (max.): 2,000 kg, table width: 630 mm, table length: 800 mm, overall weight: 24,000 kg, spindle speed (min.): 10 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 2,300 rpm, spindle motor power: 22,000 W, number of spindles: 1, number of slots in tool magazine: 161, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, We are offering this used Dörries Scharmann Solon 2 DBF horizontal machining center, year of manufacture 1996. Manufacturer: Dörries Scharmann Model: Solon 2 DBF Year of manufacture: 1996 Condition: used Category ID: 1289 Type ID: 4161 Machine type: horizontal machining center Nedpfxjyu Srts Ahzewg If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or give us a call.

Condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, equipped with a FANUC 16-T CNC control system. Technical data and accessories are provided in a separate PDF. Nwjdpfx Aey Txk Ushzjg The machine has been completely mechanically overhauled.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, honing diameter 200 mm stroke 600 mm 2 Honing spindles -both with two step expansions mechanic/hydraulic Njdpfx Ahoy Umatozewg -Rotary table with 4 stations. 2 x 180° or 4 x 90° -air gage measuring made for honing liners with max diameter 120mm Machine is like new because it worked only few months.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1993, Technical details: rotary table diameter: 2x700 mm grinding height: 200 mm grinding head - power requirement: 15 kW max. dia. of grinding wheel: 400 mm grinding spindle speed: 1400-2800 stufenlos /continous U/min automatic feeds: 0,001-0,02 weight of tools max.: 650 kg table speed: 5-10 m/min rotary table revolutions per minute : 5-10 stufenlos U/min rotary table: Querbewg. 0,2...10 m/min total power requirement: 49 kW weight of the machine ca.: ca. 12,0 t dimension machine xH: 6,0x3,0x2,8 m dimensions electric cabinet LxWxH: 2,0x0,55x2,2 m ROTARY TABLE SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE Nodju Ngp Njpfx Ahzswg - 2 magnetic rotary tables each Ø=700mm - diamond roller dressing device - without coolant unit i.D. *

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Number of boring spindles 1 St. Boring depth max. 150 mm Motor output 1,8 kW Götzinger HR 150 - Hoffmann system ----- The machine that gives you the highest precision when drilling two levels guaranteed. Frame and slot drilling machine, enables drilling in two levels in one clamping. - Well thought-out, precise and practical stop system - particularly smooth and play-free grid positioning, Feed and transverse adjustment - Guidance systems for the highest demands - Special drill chuck - precise, quiet concentricity - for drilling levels via digital display - Two side stops offer enormous advantages, center stop on request - Continuous front stop with position markings - Drilling pattern depending on the wood profile - free choice, in a 12 mm grid Special grids also possible - integrated dust extraction - the exchangeable additional equipment (e.g. drill heads, Miter stops, parapet railing device, side and folding stops) can be easily installed without tools. and dismantle. Technical data: Drilling unit ----- Height adjustment in 2 levels via digital display Height adjustment 100 mm pneumatically Drilling stroke/depth 150 mm by hand Transverse adjustment 320 mm via grid Drilling pattern width 12 mm pitch, standard Three-phase motor 230/400 V, 50 Hz, 1,420/2,840 rpm, 1.3-1.8 KW Tool holder ----- Special drill chuck with 2 tool changing inserts 1 x M10, 1 x D 16 stop system ----- 2 side stops can be swiveled in/out 1 longitudinal stop (tube) with adjustable folding stop approx. 1500 mm Elongated hole stop left and right Workpiece clamping ----- Nwsdsytx T Ijpfx Ahzog pneumatically via foot valve Dust extraction Special accessories - see PDF attachment ----- Price of the above mentioned machine on request! ----- Recommended accessories (additional charge): Two-jaw chuck 2–20 mm, replacement part: EUR 648.00 Chassis: EUR 295.00 2 workpiece support arms (left/right), approx. 800 mm, swivelling: EUR 1,298.00 ----- (technical data according to manufacturer - no guarantee!)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, spindle turning speed range 170 - 18000 U/min weight of the machine ca. 7,5 t dimensions of the machine ca. 5,00 x 4,00 x 2,20 m --> Control conversion (2014) to Siemens Sinumerik 840D Solutionline --> Overhaul of the new control system in 2016 --> Technical data Grinding diameter: 20 - 300 mm --> Oscillation diameter: 350 (500) mm --> Workpiece length: 300 (1300) mm --> Recommended grinding depth up to: 300 mm --> Grinding table stroke Z-axis (total): 650 (950) mm --> Resolution: 0.001 mm --> Rapid traverse: 12 m/min-1 --> Grinding stroke speed: 0 - 9.99 m/min-1 --> Feed rate: 0 - 99.99 m/min-1 --> Step feed value during reversal: 0 - 0.999 mm --> Grinding table stroke X-axis (total): 150 mm --> Resolution: 0.001 mm / Ø --> Rapid traverse: 5 m/min-1/R --> Grinding stroke speed: 0 - 5 m/min-1/R --> Feed rate: 0 - 99.99 m/min-1/R --> Step feed value during reversal: 0 - 0.999 mm / Ø --> Swivel capability of the workpiece headstock: --> B-axis: -32° (-23°) / +2° Nwjdpfx Ahsw Intaozsg --> Resolution: 0.0001° (0.36") --> U-axis stroke (total): 300 mm --> Resolution: 0.001 mm / Ø --> Travel speed: 5 m/min-1 --> Centre height above workpiece table: 200 (300) mm --> Centre height above grinding table: 330 (430) mm --> Workpiece spindle passage: 50 (70) mm --> new in 1988

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number 7689 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Tool diameter: 16mm - Maximum drilling depth: 160mm - Maximum milling length: 160mm - Adjustment of drilling unit: forward/backward, up/down and sideways - Working table dimensions: 600x320mm - Material clamping system - Motor power: 2.2kW - Dimensions (L/W/H): 950x740x1330mm - Weight: 283kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Poland – Very good condition – Used drilling machine Net price: 6300 PLN Net price: 1500 EUR (depending on the exchange rate of 4.2 EUR) Njdpfx Ahey Sn Awszjwg (Prices may change with significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, total height: 2,000 mm, total length: 4,500 mm, total width: 2,350 mm, Empty weight: 1.530 kg - Details: - └ Description: Including dust extraction Nwsdpsyz Ad Iefx Ahzsg - Year: 2012 - Documentation available: Yes - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: Yes - Serial number: 18966 - Number of milling spindles [pcs.]: 1 - └ Milling spindle 1: - - Number of controlled axes [pcs.]: 3 - - Main motor power [kW]: 11 - Type milling table: Flat table - Tool clamping system: HSK-F63 - Material clamp system: Pneumatic - Tool changer positions [pcs.]: 12 - System/software: BiesseWorks - Safety feature: Enclosed fence, Safety light curtain - Vacuum pump present: Yes - └ Number [pcs.]: 1 - └ Brand: Busch - └ Type: MM 1322 A VM8 - └ Year of manufacture: 2012 - └ Main motor power [kW]: 6 - └ Capacity [m³/h]: 360 - └ Connection diameter [mm]: 70 - └ Vacuum pressure [bar]: 300 - Table length [mm]: 3100 - Table width [mm]: 1500 - Working range X [mm]: 3309 - Working range Y [mm]: 1703 - Z-axis working range [mm]: 120 - Current consumption [A]: 24 - Power [kW]: 14.2 - Transport dimensions: 4500mm x 2350mm x 2000mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 1530kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 2 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Glenn Smeets

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 23,000 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 900 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 650 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 120 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 120 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 120 m/min, torque: 80 Nm, controller manufacturer: Siemens, controller model: Sinumerik 840 D SL Solution Line mit NCU 730, workpiece diameter (max.): 1,830 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 800 kg, total height: 3,500 mm, total length: 5,900 mm, total width: 3,990 mm, overall weight: 24,500 kg, spindle speed (min.): 1 rpm, spindle speed (max.): 17,500 rpm, operating hours of spindle: 8,000 h, Equipment: chip conveyor, Horizontal double swivel-beam machining center with 2 spindles - Linear and torque motors in the feed axes - Gantry drive for the Y-axis - Independent Z-axes and X-axes - Double swivel beam with two integrated rotary axes for loading and unloading parallel to main processing time - Siemens Sinumerik 840 D SL Solution Line control with NCU 730 - Oil distributor for NC rotary table Nedow Hgk Aopfx Ahzjwg - 1 set of clamping bridge supports - Torsion compensation - 5th axis directly driven twice - Boring head indexing - Base module for clamping hydraulics - Pneumatic pressure intensifier - Scraper belt conveyor - Automatic loading door - Emulsion mist extraction unit - Automatic rinsing cycle for loading area - Tool flatness monitoring - Position monitoring, base module and extension - Grating/walk-on grid - 24 quick-release couplings SW-ID No. 413288 - Tool breakage monitoring, inductive etc.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 10,641 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: NHX51150920, Machine type: Horizontal Machining Centre Manufacturer: DMG MORI Model: NHX 5000 Year of manufacture: 2015 Control: M 730 UM CELOS Country of origin: Japan Delivery time: by arrangement Freight terms: ex location Additional Information: CNC Horizontal Machining Centre DMG MORI - NHX 5000 - 2-way pallet changer - 4 axes Technical Specifications Nsdpfx Aey Sxkxjhzowg X-axis travel: 730 mm y-axis travel: 730 mm z-axis travel: 880 mm Control: M 730 UM CELOS High pressure coolant: Knoll 70 bar Main spindle: Max. spindle speed: 35 - 15,000 rpm Spindle drive power: 35 / 18.5 kW Max. torque: 207 Nm Tool holder: SK 40 Distance spindle centre to table: 80 - 800 mm Distance spindle nose to table centre: 70 - 950 mm Pallet changer: Number of pallets: 2 + 2 spare pallets Pallet size: 500 x 500 mm Max. workpiece weight: 500 kg Max. workpiece diameter: 800 mm Max. workpiece height: 1,000 mm Pallet change time: 9.5 sec Indexing time: 0.94 sec B-axis (table): 0.001° Tool changer: Number of tool stations: 60 pos. Tool holder: SK 40 Max. tool diameter: 70 mm Max. tool diameter with free adjacent station: 170 mm Max. tool length: 450 mm Tool-to-tool change time: 0.9 sec Chip-to-chip change time: 4.4 - 10.0 sec Feed rates: Rapid traverse: 60 m/min Feedrate: max. 60,000 mm/min Jog feed rate: 0 - 5,000 mm/min Total power requirement: 46.2 kVA Machine weight approx.: 12.0 t Dimensions (L x W x H) approx.: 5.5 x 3.0 x 2.8 m

Condition: new, Horizontal bending machine Fastech FP 40 Description - Pressure: 40t - Stroke: 285mm - Max. tool height: 250mm - Flat bar over high edge: 200 x 24mm - Working speed: 10,0mm/sec - Return speed: 10,0mm/sec Nwsdpfxjfg Eu Rj Ahzsg - working height: 930mm - table: 660 x 1250mm - total power requirement: 4,0kW - Motor: 400 Volt 50Hz - weight: 1100kg - dimension L-W-H: 1250 x 650 x 1250mm - Oil capacity: 40,0l Equipment: - Hydraulic horizontal bending machine - Solid working surface made of stabilized steel - Machine made of hardened and ground forged steel - Digital display for stroke adjustment - 1x set of tools - Double foot switch

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, grinding diameter - internal max. 600 mm grinding diameter - cylindrical max. 800 mm control Siemens Sinumerik 840 D internal grinding depth max. 800 mm External grinding length max. 600 mm turning speed range - stepless 1-795 U/min workpiece length max. 800 mm Nodpfx Ahewp S Tnszswg Workpiece spindle unit (U/B1/L adjustment): - Travel (U axis): 300 mm - Swivel angle (B1 axis): -0.5°/+12° - Drive power of the workpiece spindle: 8.5 kW - Speed range (infinitely variable): 1-795 rpm - Setup speed (tapping): 10 rpm - Spindle head size A 8 according to DIN 55026 - Through bore 58.5 mm - Workpiece diameter max. 830 mm - Workpiece length (clamped in flight) max. 800 mm - Workpiece length (clamped between centers) max. 800 mm - Load capacity at spindle head max. 6100 N Internal grinding device (Z1/X1/B2): - Travel (Z1 axis): 1100 mm - Travel (X1 axis): 150 mm - Swivel angle (B2 axis): 270° - Manual longitudinal adjustment of internal grinding axis on table: 780 mm - Drive power of internal grinding spindles (infinitely variable) Belt-driven grinding spindles: 7.5 kW - Mounting bore grinding block (diameter): 100 mm / 125 mm - Mounting length grinding block: 220 mm - Grinding diameter: max. 600 mm - Grinding depth: max. 800 mm External and surface grinding device (Z2/X2): - Travel (Z2 axis): 800 mm - Travel (X2 axis): 470 mm - Swivel angle (B2 axis): 270° - Drive power of external grinding spindles: 7.5 kW - Mounting bore of grinding block: Ø 140 mm - Grinding diameter: max. 800 mm - Grinding length max. 600 mm - Grinding wheel dimensions: max. Ø 450 x 50 x Ø 127 mm Equipment/accessories: - Various grinding spindles - Various flanges/grinding wheel holders - Various clamping jaws - Coolant system - Oil mist filter - Cooler - Technical documentation