Used Ima Hsk Aggregate 4 Outputs for sale (63,705)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Weima Briquetting Press TH 714 The TH 714 machines are designed for operations with required throughput capacities of up to 150 kg/h. The robust press housing enables the production of high-strength briquettes from materials such as wood, polystyrene, foams, light metals, paper, or biomass. Numerous additional options are possible, e.g., oil cooling for use in continuous operation. All machines are available in left-hand or right-hand versions. Mounting on a stable base frame ensures quick installation and enables mobile use. Pjdpfxsil Hggo Am Togp User-friendly operation thanks to Siemens PLC control To fulfill our promise of performance, we design and manufacture all control cabinets ourselves at our Ilsfeld location and equip them with well-known international components. This guarantees the highest quality in a compact design. The Siemens PLC control used is perfectly tailored to the requirements of the briquetting process. Foreign object-resistant conveying screw thanks to cardan suspension The conveying screw, which transports the material into the pre-compactor of the briquetting press, is suspended on a cardan joint. This prevents foreign objects from causing damage to the conveying screw. As is often the case, however, the specific application determines which suspension is chosen. For metal applications, we often recommend rigidly mounted screws. Briquette diameter (mm): 70 Throughput capacity up to (kg/h): 150*1 Hydraulic motor (kW): 11 Oil volume (liters): 250 Weight (approx. kg): 1100 Location: In stock at 54634 Bitburg - immediately available - Subject to prior sale

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Compact design, high reliability, and excellent value for money: these are the advantages of this machine, which is perfectly suited for briquetting materials such as wood, polystyrene, foams, or paper. A special feature is the screw pre-compaction, which guarantees high briquette quality. For quick and easy installation, the C 140 is mounted on a stable base frame. Overall dimensions: 1900 x 1410 mm Hopper opening: 1044 x 1044 mm Hopper height: 1010 mm Hopper capacity: 1.1 m³ Drive power: 4 kW Pedpfxobtnf Es Am Tegp Briquette diameter (mm): 40 Throughput (kg/h): 30-40 Hydraulic oil capacity (l): 100 Weight (kg): 530 Equipment: Press Powerful pressing mechanism with wear-resistant, chrome-plated clamp Pre-compactor with end-position dampened cylinder and screwed cover Control box with PLC control Hydraulics Separate oil tank with pump motor and valve control Safety switch for oil temperature Container with agitator and gear motor Screw channel with discharge screw and gear motor Accessories: Briquette length monitoring Automatic on/off Location: 54634 Bitburg

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2026, operating hours: 1 h, Super special price, as it was on display at our in-house exhibition. Operating hours: 2 Available immediately - subject to prior sale If gone - then gone Compact design, high reliability and an excellent price-performance ratio excellent price-performance ratio: these are the advantages of this machine, which is perfect for briquetting materials such as wood such as wood, polystyrene, foam or paper. Special feature: the screw pre-compaction, which guarantees a guarantees high briquette quality. For quick and easy installation, the C 140 is mounted on a stable base frame. mounted on a stable base frame Overall dimensions: 1900 x 1410 mm Hopper opening: 1044 x 1044 mm Hopper height: 1010 mm Hopper capacity: 1.1 m³ Drive power: 4 kW Briquette diameter (mm) 40 Throughput capacity (kg/h) 30-40 Hydraulic oil volume (l) 100 Weight (kg) 530 Equipment: Pgsdpfxstnz Hbe Am Tjp Press Powerful pressing mechanism with low-wear, chrome-plated tongs Pre-compressor with end-sensitive cylinder and screwed cover Control box with PLC control Hydraulics Separate oil tank with pump motor and valve control Safety switch for oil temperature Container with agitator and gear motor Screw channel with discharge screw and gear motor gear motor Accessories: Briquette length monitoring Automatic on - off Location: 54634 Bitburg

Condition: excellent (used), Climate chambers Type: EXCAL 1413-HA Air-cooled climate chamber EXCAL is equipped with a 15-inch capacitive multi-touch panel PC, SSD storage, Windows 7, and 2 USB ports. This makes it state-of-the-art. Technical data: Test chamber dimensions: Width 550 mm x Depth 500 mm x Height 500 mm Housing dimensions: Width 820 mm x Depth 1375 mm x Height 1730 mm Window 350 x 380 Volume: 138 liters Feedthrough installed as standard R1: 80 mm ∅ L1: 80 mm ∅ Data for temperature tests: Temperature range: -40°C to +180°C Temperature deviation over time ± 0.1 to ± 0.3 K Temperature homogeneity spatially ± 0.5 to ± 1.8 K Temperature change rate Heating: 15 K/min Cooling: 10 K/min Data for climate tests: Temperature range +10 to +90 °C Humidity range 10 to 98 % RH Data for operation: 3/N/Ph+T 400V ±10% 50 Hz Rated power 9.8 kVA Refrigerant R-404A / R-23 Weight: 430 kg For your peace of mind as a buyer, please note the following: The following points are carried out on our offered chambers in advance: 1. Functional check and replacement of necessary components 2. If necessary, refill with legally compliant refrigerant 3. Leak test with certificate 4. After successful inspection, the chambers are subjected to a documented test run. Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See picture) Pgsdpjzh D Rtjfx Am Tsp (Changes and errors in the technical data and information are subject to change!) We will be happy to answer any further questions you may have by telephone.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 240811, For sale: KORIMAT KA 240 electric autoclave, completely overhauled, year of manufacture 2012, with MP6 control system. We offer a completely overhauled KORIMAT KA 240 electric autoclave in very good condition for sale. The KORIMAT KA 240 is a high-quality autoclave for professional cooking, sterilization, and preservation processes. The machine is ideally suited for butcher shops, food processing companies, delicatessen production, direct marketers, manufacturers, and companies that want to ensure the safe and reproducible preservation of their products. The unit has been completely overhauled, carefully inspected, and is in very good, immediately operational condition. Technical data: Manufacturer: KORIMAT Model: KA 240 Type: Electric Year of manufacture: 2012 Usable volume: 240 liters Control system: Classic MP6 control system Condition: Completely overhauled, very good condition Inspections: Currently inspected Equipment and advantages: Completely stainless steel design Safety quick-locking mechanism Podpfezg Hqmox Am Tsgp Counter-pressure device Two valves for high operational safety Energy-saving all-round insulation Classic MP6 microprocessor control Simple and robust operation Suitable for cooking, sterilizing and preserving food Ideal for cans, jars, and other suitable packaging units Reliable technology for daily professional use The MP6 control system enables proven and user-friendly operation. Temperature and cooking time are reliably regulated. This makes the KORIMAT KA 240 particularly interesting for companies that are looking for a robust, simple, and durable solution for their production. The autoclave is immediately available and can be inspected by appointment. If you are interested or would like more information, please contact us. An inspection or personal consultation is possible by arrangement.

Condition: good (used), Joint cutter, asphalt cutter, concrete cutter -Manufacturer: Cedima, joint cutter type CF 16.1D -Saw blade: Ø max. 480 mm -Engine: Hatz E 780U 7 kW -Dimensions: 1150/680/H920 mm Pgsdpfx Amehzzb Rs Top -Weight: 250 kg

Condition: good (used), High pressure radial fan, dust extraction fan, exhaust gas extraction, welding fume extraction, extraction, fan, pressure blower, vacuum blower, radial blower, high pressure blower, high pressure fan -Manufacturer: Combimac, high pressure blower type 54A641- /BJ1 -Drive motor: rotor 0.75 kW -Speed: 2840 rpm -Volume output: 2.1 m³/min -technical data: see photo type plate -Connection input: Ø 120 mm -Connection output: Ø 100 mm -Fan wheel: Ø 540 mm -Dimensions: 760/340/H840mm Podpfxeun Du So Am Tsgp -Weight: 88 kg

Condition: used, Stuffing box for screw conveyor, screw conveyor, screw conveyor, conveyor technology, pipe screw conveyor, drying screw, cooling screw, cooling pipe screw, heating screw, heating pipe screw, screw heat exchanger -Stuffing box: for Ø 40 mm shaft Pjdpfx Aedfgk Tom Tegp -for gland tape -conical socket suitable for high pressure -Number: 1x glands available -Price: per piece -Dimensions: 160/160/H103 mm -Weight: 3 kg

Condition: used, Stuffing box for screw conveyor, screw conveyor, screw conveyor, conveyor technology, pipe screw conveyor, drying screw, cooling screw, cooling pipe screw, heating screw, heating pipe screw, screw heat exchanger -Stuffing box: made of stainless steel -Stuffing box: for Ø 40 mm shaft Pgjdodfgliepfx Am Tsp -for gland tape -Number: 3x glands available -Price: per piece -Dimensions: 145/145/H66 mm -Weight: 3.1 kg

Condition: used, Built-in measuring device, built-in measuring instruments, measuring mechanism, moving-coil instruments, moving-coil measuring mechanism, control panel -Type no.: 4205 1021/1 -Display range: 0 V - 40 V -Installation dimensions: LxWxD approx. 140x140x90 mm -Dimensions: 144/144/H90 mm -Weight: 1.2 kg Pgedpfx Asdpar Ism Tsp

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2002, Z - conveyor fimatech 700x1300x500 290 mm breit, year 2002 price: 2.450 € Pgsdpfx Asrlm A Ssm Tep contact: Mr. Rainer Eckerle

Condition: new, External dimensions L x W x H: 1930 x 2080 x 2280 mm Configuration with 2 independent cells, each containing 2 trolleys, for a total of 4 trolleys. Additional dividers included for dividing into multiple cells. Equipped with 2 solid, single-door doors. 2 integrated 720 x 150 mm wall evaporators. 2 refrigeration units supplied, type CAJ 9513 or UN 9232, using R452A refrigerant. External height without floor: 2115 mm Doorway height: 1800 mm Dimensions suitable for 600x800 mm trays Compatible trolley dimensions: 700 x 890 x 1870 mm 2 independent cells with autonomous cycle management Capacity: 2 trolleys per cell (4 trolleys in total) Temperature range: -10°C to +35°C Modular structure without floor (installation on a perfectly level floor) Insulating panels, 60 mm thick, with high thermal performance Interior finish: food-grade aluminum Exterior finish: reinforced aluminum 2 wall evaporators, 720 x 150 mm Heating power: 2200 W Heater resistance: 80% Pgjdpfjzk Hk Iox Am Tep 2 independent refrigeration units Position of units: low Environmentally friendly refrigerant: R452A Professional electronic control: Control Panel 2008 V2 Control panel type: cabinet Electrical supply: 220 V Single-phase – 16 A – 50 Hz 2 solid doors, 895 x 1360 mm Opening: 1 door per door Water drain: external diameter 32 mm Water inlet: 1/4 inch connection (above the chamber) Remote installation possible Delivered disassembled for easy access.

Condition: used, Various tool holders from Mazak, Sandvik, Mimatic, Gerardi, EWS, Nikken and others. Turning and milling tools with VDI 40 interface. Only for sale per pallet. Pallet 1: EUR 3,220 total 4x driven tool VDI 40 at EUR 580/each 10x tool holder VDI 40 at EUR 90/each Pgjdpfxovpvmts Am Tep Pallet 2: EUR 3,130 total 4x driven tool VDI 40 at EUR 580/each (1x new) 9x tool holder VDI 40 at EUR 90/each Pallet 3 is sold Pallet 4 is sold

Condition: used, various tool holders from , mazak, sandvik, mimatic, gerardi, ews, nikken and others. turning-milling tools with the VDI 40 holder only for sale per pallet pallet5 euro 2730 total 3x driven tools vdi 40 euro 580/pc 11x tool holder vdi 40 euro 90/pc pallet 6 euro 2640 total 3x driven tools vdi 40 euro 580/pc 10x tool holder vdi 40 euro 90/pc pallet 7 euro 2640 total 3x driven tools vdi 40 euro 580/pc 10x tool holder vdi 40 euro 90/pc pallet 8 euro 2730 total 3x driven tools vdi 40 euro 580/pc Pgedpfxovry T Ne Am Tjp 11x tool holder vdi 40 euro 90/pc

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1992, functionality: fully functional, WEIMA TH 400 briquetting machine - after technical overhaul - Made in Germany - very good condition - year of manufacture 1992 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: power of main engine 7.5 kW machine output approx. 80 kg/h briquette diameter 50 mm feeding dimension 2000 x 1800 mm adder feeding the material to the piston stirrer machine overall dimensions (length / width / height) 240 / 190 / 200 cm weight ~ 850 kg TH hydraulic briquetting machines are compact equipment for briquette production. Briquetting machines can be filled manually or automatically directly into the hopper. The units of this series, by their small size and quiet operation, are ideal for setting up on the production floor. Characteristics: - reduction of production waste volume - low purchase costs - low energy consumption - compact design takes up little space - excellent processing quality - durable construction and long service life - trouble-free maintenance and low consumption - simple operation The main application scopes of briquetting presses are, for example: - in combination with a dust extraction or filtration and dedusting plant - for manual feeding of material - as a whole combined with a chipper (e.g. WEIMA WL4) - with a screw feeder or conveyor belt - with a mobile dust extraction system or combustion furnace Psdpfxjt U Et Ne Am Togp

Condition: excellent (used), Vötsch VC 4060 Climate Testing Chamber Manufacturer: Vötsch Industrietechnik GmbH Type: VC 4060 Machine Type: Climate Testing Chamber / Temperature Testing Chamber Test Chamber Volume: approx. 600 liters Control System: S!MCON / 32 Cooling: water-cooled Refrigerant: R452A For sale is a used climate testing chamber from Vötsch. The testing chamber is suitable for temperature and climate tests, environmental simulation, material testing, quality assurance, as well as development and stress tests. Pgjdpfxozf E E Tj Am Tsp Technical Data Test Chamber Dimensions: approx. 800 x 800 x 950 mm (W x D x H) Housing Dimensions: approx. 1090 x 1960 x 1995 mm (W x D x H) Weight: approx. 600 kg net Temperature Range: -40 °C to +180 °C Temperature Change Rate (Heating): approx. 4.0 K/min Temperature Change Rate (Cooling): approx. 3.0 K/min Temperature Deviation (Time): ±0.1 to ±0.5 K Temperature Deviation (Spatial): ±0.5 to ±2 K Temperature Gradient: approx. 1 to 4 K Climate Range (Temperature): -10 °C to +95 °C Humidity Range: 10 % to 98 % RH Humidity Deviation: ±0.1 to ±3 % RH Temperature Deviation (Climate Operation, Time): ±0.1 to ±0.3 K Temperature Deviation (Climate Operation, Spatial): ±0.5 to ±1.0 K Temperature Gradient (Climate Operation): approx. 1 to 2 K Power Connection: 3/N/PE AC 400 V ±10 % / 50 Hz Rated Power: 7.8 kW Rated Current: 15.0 A Fuse: 16 A slow-blow, on-site 1 cable entry Ø 50 mm installed on the left 1 cable entry Ø 125 mm installed on the right Test chamber made of stainless steel Touch panel operation Equipment S!MCON / 32 control system Touch panel operation Interior made of stainless steel Test chamber lighting Side cable entries Ø 50 mm and Ø 125 mm Shelving / test chamber equipment as shown in the pictures Water-cooled system Documentation / operating manual Accessories as shown in the pictures Application Areas Temperature testing Climate testing Environmental simulation Material testing Electronics testing Quality assurance Research and development Scope of Supply 1x Vötsch VC 4060 Climate Testing Chamber Documentation / operating manual Accessories as shown in the pictures Condition Used Optical condition as shown in the pictures Inspection possible by appointment Note: The unit has been converted to use R452A refrigerant. Scope of supply as pictured. Subject to changes and errors in the technical data, as well as prior sale.

Condition: excellent (used), Binder Temperature Test Chamber Type: MK240-400V Manufacturer: Binder For sale is a Binder MK 240 temperature test chamber for professional heat and cold tests in industry, research, development, and quality assurance. The Binder MK series temperature test chambers are particularly suitable for cyclic temperature tests and reproducible tests under defined environmental conditions. The test chamber enables temperature tests in the range of -40 °C to +180 °C and represents an efficient alternative to individual custom solutions. Technical data: Temperature range: -40 °C to +180 °C Test chamber volume: approx. 228 liters Temperature performance data: Spatial temperature deviation: 0.1 to 1.2 ± K (depending on the setpoint) Temporal temperature deviation: 0.1 to 0.5 ± K (depending on the setpoint) Heating rate: approx. 5.0 K/min Cooling rate: approx. 4.5 K/min Cooling time from +180 °C to -40 °C: approx. 110 minutes Test chamber: Internal dimensions: approx. 735 x 700 x 443 mm (W x H x D) Dimensions: External dimensions: approx. 1115 x 1710 x 925 mm (W x H x D) Pgjdpfx Amoy Nic He Tep Load capacity: Max. load per shelf: approx. 30 kg Max. total load: approx. 70 kg Equipment: 2 x feedthrough Ø 70 mm 1 door 2 shelves standard / max. 6 shelves possible Electrical data: Rated voltage: 400 V Mains frequency: 50 Hz Rated power: approx. 4.0 kW Fuse rating: 16 A Phases: 3~ Weight: approx. 320 kg For your safety as a buyer: The following points are carried out on our offered chambers in advance: 1. Functional check and replacement of necessary components 2. If necessary, refill with legally compliant refrigerant 3. Leak test with certificate 4. After successful inspection, the chambers are subjected to a documented test run. Condition: Used Optical condition according to pictures Normal storage and signs of wear present Important note: All information has been compiled to the best of our knowledge based on the pictures, nameplates and manufacturer information. Shipping possible. Changes, errors and prior sale reserved. We will be happy to answer any further questions by telephone.

Condition: new, Holzprofi Maker Special Column Drill M1-BM4117S-Variotouch with Stepless Speed The brushless motor is directly controlled without a belt drive! It features an electronic control system with a combined chip and software control system. It features a touchscreen display, thread cutting device, automatic start and stop function when the spindle is operated, forward/reverse rotation, LED light, and cross-line laser. With extra robust table - also suitable for vices. Technical data: Motor power 1.6 kW (= 2 kW S6) Motor voltage 230 volts Quill taper MT 3 Quill stroke 120 mm Drill chuck 3-16 mm Speeds 150-3200 rpm Column diameter 80 mm Table dimensions 345 x 345 mm Base dimensions 520 x 320 mm Psdpfxex H Ukko Am Togp Table tilt 90° left/right

Condition: excellent (used), For sale: a SEW-Eurodrive WA20DT63L4/B03 worm gear motor with a 0.25 kW three-phase motor. The unit is fully functional, tested, and ready for operation. The gear motor is in good technical and visual condition. It shows normal signs of use, as visible in the photos. A power cable with a plug is included. Technical specifications: Manufacturer: SEW-Eurodrive Model: WA20DT63L4/B03 Podpfx Aszmy Sdjm Tjgp Motor power: 0.25 kW Power supply: 3× 230/400 V, 50 Hz Motor speed: 1300 rpm Output speed: 130 rpm Gear ratio: i = 10.25 Output torque: 16 Nm Protection class: IP54 Insulation class: B Operating mode: S1 Brake: 230 V AC Weight: 10.55 kg Manufacturer: SEW-Eurodrive, Germany The scope of sale includes exactly what is shown in the photos.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 7805 TECHNICAL DATA - Track width: 340 mm - Roller width: 340 mm - Disc arbor diameter: 80 mm - Installed discs on upper shaft: 350 mm - Installed discs on lower shaft: 300 mm - Max cutting height: 200 mm - Min length of processed material: 700 mm – From above - 2 rows of kickback fingers Pgjdpfxezlp R Ts Am Tsp - Smooth, slip, pressure shaft - Kickback fingers - 2 smooth, slip, pressure shafts - Saw shaft - 3 smooth pressure rollers – From below - Track conveyor - Saw shaft - Track conveyor - Infinitely variable feed speed adjustment - Main motors: 2 x approx. 55 kW - Feed motor: 3 kW - Electric up/down elevation of the main body - Manual adjustment of saw shafts - Central lubrication - Extraction port diameter: 2 x 200 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 2700 x 1800 x 2150 mm - Weight: approx. 5,000 kg ADVANTAGES – German-made – Double-shaft design – 2 x 55 kW motors – Used multi-blade saw, in very good condition Net price: 178,900 PLN Net price: 42,590 EUR (at 4.2 EUR exchange rate) (Prices subject to change with significant rate fluctuations)

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Ferwood Code: RU0012096 - Manufacturer Code: 6ES7421-1BL00-0AA0 - Condition: Used - Functionality: Not tested - Compatible Machine: HOLZMA panel saw - If interested, we offer a refurbishment service, please contact us. Pedpfx Amozmhrfj Tsgp

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Ferwood Code: RU0012095 - Manufacturer Code: 6ES7422-1BL00-0AA0 - Condition: Used - Functionality: Not tested - Compatible Machine: HOLZMA PANEL SAW - If interested, we offer a refurbishment service, please contact us. Pgodpfozmhqusx Am Tjp

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, 3-axis control for saw blade height and swivel adjustment, as well as for the parallel fence. • 7.5 kW / 10 hp motor • Maximum cutting height: 155 mm (90°) / 110 mm (45°) • Scoring unit with electric height adjustment and motorized, axial impulse adjustment, and automatic lifting. Pgsdpfx Asza Eyzem Top • Adjustable mitre fence with length compensation. • Cutting width with parallel fence: 1,100 mm • Sliding carriage length: 3,200 mm

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1996, filling capacity 400 Liter Usable Volume 300 Liter filling amount max. 850 kg workpiece sizes max. 850 x 200 mm Individual weight of workpiece max. 30 kg turning speeds 4.0 - 15.0 U/min Inner drum width 925 mm drive motor 380 V weight of the machine ca. 1950 kg. range L-W-H 3100 x 1600 x 2000 mm good / well-maintained condition (!!) - in checked conditions - machinevideo - ?v=xxnCddCmXe4 Description: - LIMA cleaning machines * for long concrete formwork parts, formwork clamps Pgodpfx Ajzcqziom Tep * for flame-cutting parts, plasma-cutting parts, laser-cutting parts * for punching and sawing parts - environmentally friendly, cost-saving, low-noise - drive with 5-fold V-belt via worm gear - maintenance-free spherical roller bearings - entire machine is highly soundproofed - dust extraction installed as standard - drum running time adjustable - speeds variably adjustable - the drum can be moved into any position using jog mode - space-saving thanks to compact design - extraction system built into the machine - single-lever drum quick release - machine bearings on vibration dampers - spacious unloading area, suitable for Euro standard containers - free access for forklifts or pallet trucks Working method: - the parts to be processed are moved by their own friction . deburred, descaled and derusted. - the closed design reduces the noise generated during deburring . to just 68 - 72 dB(A). - a direct-acting dust extraction system automatically removes . the dust generated during processing. - the machine can also process oily punched and sawn parts. - during this processing, additional sawdust is added to the drum. - a time delay switch switches the dust extraction system on individually. - the parts are thus deoiled and dried first. - only after this process does the dust extraction system switch on . automatically to suck the sawdust out of the drum. - by specifying the drum speed, optimal processing is guaranteed. - the LIMA-400 L deburring machine can be set up anywhere, . provided there is a solid surface/foundation. - after the work is complete, the drum remains in the position. . so that the drum flap can be opened quickly. - one work cycle takes about 20 minutes.

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, TIMAC TZZ-1604 Circular Disc Cutter with Double-Station Automatic Stacker. Year 2018 Pgsdpfx Amey Edk Rj Tsp Inspected and ready for production. Automatic circular cutter for disc production from coil or strip, equipped with a double-station automatic stacker, enabling continuous operation without downtime. Specially designed for manufacturing ends and lids, circular blanks, and parts for deep drawing or stamping processes. Main features: • Circular cutting using adjustable blades • Diameter adjustment system for various disc formats • Double-station automatic stacker: - Vacuum arm for individual disc collection - Possibility to remove complete stacks without stopping production - Doors with safety latches and interlocks • Integrated electrical and pneumatic system: - Independent electrical panel - PLC control - Safety compliant with CE regulations Key technical specifications: • Sheet thickness: - Up to 3 mm (carbon steel / aluminium) - Up to 1.5 mm (stainless steel) • Blade diameter: 100 mm • Installed power: approx. 16 kW • Electrical supply: 400 V / 50 Hz • Pneumatic pressure: 6 bar • Year of manufacture: 2018