Used Rafamet Wheel Lathe Rafamet Ubb 112 for sale (25,151)

Condition: good (used), Flat geared motor, geared motor, electric motor, electric geared motor, variable speed geared motor -Handover: in its current condition as inspected -Condition: Functional, without brakes -Manufacturer: Nord, adjustable geared motor -Type: SK 42 F-R210 U-112 M/4 BRE -Speed: 14.5-109 rpm -Engine: Type SK 112 M/4 BRE60 -Power: 4.0 kW -Protection rating: IP54 -Shaft: Ø 45 x 90 mm -Brake: 60 Nm Iaodpfx Aajwl Uxlo Isr -Dimensions: 840/580/H285 mm -Weight: 105 kg

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 1,986 h, load capacity: 1,400 kg, lifting height: 4,100 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, drive type: Elektro, Electric 3-Wheel Forklift Mast Type: Triplex Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical Condition: Good Battery Voltage: 48V Battery Type: PzS Iasdoyzk Dpspfx Aa Ier Battery Year of Manufacture: 2020 Sideshift, 3rd valve,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 438 h, load capacity: 3,000 kg, lifting height: 4,380 mm, free lift: 1,500 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load centre: 500 mm ISO class: ISO class 3 = 2,500 - 4,999 kg Iajdpfjy Az Nfox Aa Isr Mast type: Triplex Technical condition: good Front tyre type: Non-marking Front tyres condition: 80 - 100% Rear tyre type: Non-marking Rear tyres condition: 40 - 60% Battery year of manufacture: 2022 Sideshift, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear work lights, front work lights, half cab, heater, full free lift,

Condition: good (used), clearance 88mm Iedpfxow Rch Re Aa Iear diameter of rotation without chuck 1000mm with chuck 700mm machine dimensions: l2500mm x w1400mm x h1540 rpm 11.2 / 1000rpm automatic feed on X and Z axis

Condition: good (used), spindle bore 80 mm distance between centers 2500 mm weight approx. 4500 kg swing diameter 880 mm 4.5/900 rpm length 490 cm height 145 cm width 150 cm digital readout on X and Z axes Iedpfxow Rcgmo Aa Isar rapid traverse sold with 3-jaw chuck, 4-jaw chuck, and steady rest

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, control Heidenhain turning length 1.000 mm turning diameter over bed 500 mm turning dia. over slide 290 mm centre distance 1.500 mm x-axis 260 mm Iajdpfx Ajy A Tdboa Ier z-axis 1.000 mm spindle bore 70 mm spindle tunring speed 3.000 U/min spindle motor 12 kW In our assessment, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Accessories, tools, and clamping devices shown are only included in the scope of delivery if this is noted in the additional information. Technical data and specifications are subject to change without notice and errors. Prior sale is reserved.

Condition: used, centre distance 1.270 mm Iodpfxey A Tc Rs Aa Iear turning diameter over bed 380 mm turning dia. over slide 230 mm centre height 190 mm spindle tunring speed 45 - 2.000 U/min bed width 200 mm Bed height 2.120 mm bed length 305 mm spindle bore 52 mm dimensions 2,70 x 1,00 x 1,60 m machine weight ab. 1.200 kg In our assessment, the machine is in good used condition and can be inspected under power by appointment. Technical Features & Accessories: - 3-axis digital readout - 3-jaw chuck with internal and external grips - 2 live centers - 1 fixed center - 4 quick-change tool post - 1 steady rest - Drill chuck - Machine feet Accessories, tools, and clamping devices shown are only included if specifically stated in the additional information. Technical data and specifications are subject to change without notice. Prior sale is reserved.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 161 h, load capacity: 5,000 kg, lifting height: 4,540 mm, free lift: 1,510 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,310 mm, fork carriage width: 1,480 mm, fork length: 2,400 mm, empty load weight: 8,371 kg, total length: 3,140 mm, drive type: Elektro, construction width: 1,480 mm, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load center: 500 Fork width: 150 mm Fork thickness: 50 mm Mast type: Triplex Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: New Front tires type: Superelastic Front tires size: 28x12,5-15 Rear tires Type: Superelastic Rear tires size: 21x8-9 Battery Volt: 80V Battery Ah: 930Ah Battery year of construction: 2023 Description: In addition to this Clark model, we have approx. 200 heavy-duty forklifts, compact forklifts, forklift trucks & sideloaders in our warehouse in Hamburg and Gdansk. Visit our homepage - sago-online Hire purchase & financing at favorable conditions are possible for us at any time. We are also happy to buy your used truck free of charge, even without you purchasing a vehicle from us. Our owner Mr. Peter Sawitzki will be happy to advise you in detail about this GEX50 P.S.: Our forklift master workshop is specialized in repair, maintenance, overhaul and special construction for forklifts from 8 tons. We are also happy to display your vehicle for sale on consignment. Sideshift, fork positioner, Iodpfjv Nb Ayex Aa Ijar full free lift,

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Drivetrain Make of engine: Parker Weights Empty weight: 3.000 kg Functional CE mark: yes Condition General condition: very good Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good Identification Reference number: 3 Other information Fits to following machines: 20-38TON Delivery terms: EXW Ijdpfx Asy At Adja Isar Production country: KR Additional information Please contact Ö. Inalkac for more information We offer you new AJCE AVH30ST+ Side Grip type Vibro Hammer/ Sheetpile Driver/ SPUNDWAND RAMMGERÄTE/ Sheetpiledriver/ Damwand trilblok/ Martinete vibratorio/ Stroj za vibriranje pilota/ Bate estaca vibratória/ Wibracyjny kafar/Värähtelevä paalutuskone. AVH30ST+ is availbale with 3 types of changeable side clamps! AVAILABLE FROM NETHERLANDS WAREHOUSE! IN STOCK! DISPONIBLE DEPUIS ENTREPÔT PAYS-BAS! EN STOCK! ERHÄLTLICH IM NIEDERLANDE-LAGER! AUF LAGER! DISPONIBLE DESDE PAÍSES BAJOS ALMACÉN! EN STOCK! HOLLANDIA RAKTÁRBÓL ELÉRHETŐ! RAKTÁRON! DOSTUPNO IZ NIZOZEMSKOG SKLADIŠTA! NA LAGERU! Excavator: 20-38TON Weight: 2800 kg (without mounting cap) Working pressure: 200~ 250Bar Oil flow: 170-210 l/min Centrifugal Force : 640kN Frequency: 2700 rpm Eccentric moment: 6kgm AVH30ST+ is Robotic Pile Drivers enabling you to drive Sheet Piles, Steel Tubes,Timber Piles, H/I-Beams, solar pile, and therefore cheaper, safer, quicker than traditional Pile 40ST+ is Robotic Pile Drivers with Side Grip and bottom clamp picks up the piles and turn to desired position adjusting the tilt and start driving the pile . ADVANTAGES: ◉ Drive steel sheet piles, steel tubes, timber piles, H-I Beams. ◉ No manpower needed except excavator operator resulting less cost. ◉ Quick change of hands suiting your pile type and size. ◉ Special design resulting, no over heating problem.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, spindle bore: 65 mm, turning diameter over bed slide: 520 mm, Lead and feed screw lathe Manufacturer: Heidenreich & Harbeck, Model: VDF Technical data Brand: Heidenreich & Harbeck Iodpfjy A H Akex Aa Ioar Model: VDF Year of manufacture: unknown Control: conventional Centre distance: 1,500 mm Swing over bed: 520 mm Spindle bore: 65 mm Dimensions: L 3.60 x W 1.20 x H 1.50 m Machine weight: approx. 4 t Equipment - 2-axis digital readout - 1,500 mm scale not included All data without guarantee. A powered demonstration can be arranged at any time in our exhibition hall.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2009, operating hours: 31,914 h, functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: EK02, turning diameter over cross slide: 560 mm, turning length: 600 mm, turning diameter: 560 mm, spindle bore: 77 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 205 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 530 mm, spindle motor power: 27 W, total height: 2,050 mm, total length: 3,900 mm, total width: 2,200 mm, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 6,300 kg, chuck outer diameter: 200 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, The machine is in excellently restored condition. Iaedpfx Aasykzw De Ier

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Herbert 9C-30 Turret Lathe Type of chuck: 4 jaw Diameter over bed (Max): 762mm Diameter over cross slide (Max): 535mm Diameter in front of cross slide (max) : 737mm Length between chuck face & turret face (Max): 1505mm Iodpfx Aeyudgvsa Iear Travel of turret: 1066mm Diameter of hole through spindle: 125mm

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 4,450 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, lifting height: 4,700 mm, free lift: 1,350 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,150 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, empty load weight: 3,600 kg, total length: 2,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, construction width: 1,200 mm, Electric 3-wheel forklift Load center: 500 kg Mast type: Triplex Technical condition: good Front tyre type: Superelastic Front tyre condition: 80 - 100% Rear tyre type: Superelastic Rear tyre condition: 60 - 80% Battery voltage: 48V Iedpfx Aajy A Acme Isar Battery capacity: 750Ah Battery year: 2017 Description: Refreshed paintwork, machine cleaning, new inspection, approval according to FEM, battery regeneration. Sideshift, 3rd valve, 4th valve, front working lights, roof cover, front windshield, impulse control, full free lift, CE certificate.

Condition: new, Set double air suitable for Fendt tractors - narrow track 12.4 x 32 Condition: New Isdpfey Aqk Ssx Aa Iear

Condition: new, Double air Molcon 3 star - 16.9 x 34 Pirelli Iodpfsy Ap Dwox Aa Isar Condition: New

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 6,034 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, lifting height: 4,400 mm, free lift: 1,400 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,060 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-Wheel Forklift Isdpfx Aajy Ab Aro Ioar Mast type: Triplex Transmission: Automatic Condition: Refurbished without warranty Technical condition: Very good Front tyres type: Superelastic Front tyres condition: 20 - 40% Rear tyres type: Superelastic Rear tyres condition: 60 - 80% Battery voltage: 48V Battery year: 2019 Description: Price includes a new safety inspection (UVV) and a new paint job. The 2019 battery is reconditioned with a power cycler, including a Kappa test; suitable charger with plug included. We are happy to arrange cost-effective transport for you. Leasing with option to buy is generally possible! We are an official Jungheinrich partner. Side shifter, 3rd valve, rear work light, front work light, partial cabin, load guard, full free lift, CE certificate.

Condition: excellent (used), power: 18 kW (24.47 HP), fuel type: diesel, color: grey, first registration: 02/2026, Year of construction: 2026, Equipment: trailer coupling, Number of cylinders: 4 Empty weight: 2.300 kg Carrying capacity: 2.000 kg GVW: 4.300 kg Dimensions (LxBxH): 400 x 132 x 228 cm Working width: 142 cm Technical condition: very good Damages: none Warranty: 24 months = Additional options and accessories = - Front window - Rotating beacon - Spotlight front - Spotlight rear = Remarks = WCM - L2316 Attachments: bucket + pallet fork Engine: Kubota D1505-E4B diesel, 4-cylinder Engine power: 18.5 kW Hydraulic flow: 46.8 L/min Auxiliary hydraulic flow: 46.8 L/min Standard tire size: 31 x 15.5-15 Drive: 4WD Travel speed: 16 km/h Auxiliary functions: 2 Lifting capacity: 1600 kg Max lifting capacity: 2000 kg Operating weight: 2300 kg Width: 1320 mm Bucket width: 1420 mm Trade-in of your old machine is also possible. Controls: Servo joystick including electric forward/reverse switch. Quick coupler: Standard equipped with hydraulic quick coupler. Additional hydraulic function: Standard equipped with 2 extra hydraulic functions on the boom. Bucket: 1400 mm Other: The machine is also equipped with the required road lighting and work lights. Dashboard with temperature gauge, charging indicator, warning and indicator lights. Lockable fuel cap. Dimensions: Length: 4000 mm (with bucket) Length: 3400 mm (without bucket) Iasdpfx Asyyyubsa Ijr Width: 1320 mm Height: 2280 mm (1850 mm with folded/open cab) Lifting height: 1950 mm (measured at the bottom of the flat bucket) 2-year warranty on non-wear parts CE certificate

Condition: used, Mechanic's Lathe SCHAUBLIN Type 102 Mach. No. 1998 Centre distance: 350 mm Bed length overall from headstock: 635 mm Swing over bed: 200 mm Centre height over bed: 102 mm Swing over cross slide: 120 mm Centre height over cross slide: 61 mm Ijdpjy Dvf Rjfx Aa Iear Spindle bore: 18/20 mm Spindle speed, gear stage 1: approx. 120 / 190 / 320 rpm Spindle speed, gear stage 2: approx. 590 / 970 / 1500 rpm Chuck mounting: external thread M38 x 3 mm Tailstock taper: MT 1 Drive motor: 0.55 kW, 920 rpm Power supply: 380 Volt, 50 Hz - Spindle speeds adjustable via 2 gearbox stages and 3-step drive belt shifting - Main spindle with forward and reverse operation - Spindle mount with M38 x 3 mm thread - 3-jaw scroll chuck Ø 128 mm with stepped jaws - Collet clamping system with 6 round collets Ø 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 8 / 20 mm - Integrated dividing plate on main spindle with 48 / 60 / 100 holes - Toolholder slot approx. 10 x 18 mm with clamping screw - Sturdy wooden base with 42 mm laminated board Required space (with stand): L x W x H: 1160 x 750 x 1300 mm Weight with stand: 150 kg Good condition

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 5,350 h, load capacity: 4,500 kg, lifting height: 5,000 mm, free lift: 1,610 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,500 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, empty load weight: 7,900 kg, total length: 3,000 mm, drive type: Elektro, construction width: 1,350 mm, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load centre: 500 mm ISO class: ISO Class 3 = 2,500 - 4,999 kg Iaedpfx Ajy Aqgmja Ior Mast type: Triplex Technical condition: normal Front tyre type: Superelastic Front tyre condition: 60 - 80% Rear tyre type: Superelastic Rear tyre condition: 60 - 80% Battery voltage: 80V Battery capacity: 840Ah Battery year: 2020 Sideshift, 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear working lights, front working lights, roof cover, front windscreen, heater, full cab, pulse control, full free lift, CE certificate,

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 410 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,300 mm, free lift: 1,300 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,180 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, empty load weight: 3,300 kg, total length: 2,000 mm, drive type: Elektro, construction width: 1,060 mm, Electric 3-wheel forklift Load centre: 500 mm ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Duplex Technical condition: good Front tyres type: Superelastic Front tyres condition: 80 - 100% Rear tyres type: Superelastic Rear tyres condition: 60 - 80% Battery voltage: 48V Battery capacity: 630Ah Battery year: 2020 Iaodpfey Aqggsx Aa Isr Sideshift, 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear work light, front work light, roof cover, front windshield, electronic control, full free lift, CE certificate.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2014, Swing over bed 660mm, maximum machining diameter 380mm, maximum machining length 510mm, Iaodpfx Aeyt H Rusa Ior bar capacity 80mm, spindle speed 4,000rpm, 12 station turret, Mazatrol Smart control, swarf conveyor, & 3 jaw chuck

Condition: used, fuel type: diesel, first registration: 09/1994, Year of construction: 1994, Drive: wheel Number of cylinders: 4 Iaodpfx Aajy Ah T De Isr Gross vehicle weight: 18,000 kg Technical condition: good

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2004, Year of manufacture: 2004 Sauter 8-position VDI 20 turret with all stations powered tools Spindle holding brake Interpolating C-axis Reinforced coolant pump 2.3 bar / 28 l/min Control: Heidenhain MANUAL PLUS (cycle control) Monitor: 10.4" TFT VGA color display Working area & capacity Swing diameter: 320 mm (over bed) / 150 mm (over cross slide) Distance between centers: 750 mm Cross travel: 185 mm Spindle bore: 56.6 mm Spindle nose: Size 6 (according to DIN 55027) / Mount MK 6 (AC) Drive power: 9 kW (at 100% duty cycle) Max. torque: 410 Nm Speed range: 20 – 4,000 rpm (2 gear stages) Stage 1: 20 – 1,000 rpm Stage 2: 40 – 4,000 rpm Feed & axes Rapid traverse (X/Z): 8 / 10 m/min Feed speed: 5 m/min Feed force: 300 daN (X) / 600 daN (Z) C-axis: Interpolating (option included) Tool turret & tailstock Turret: 8-station disc turret (Sauter), all stations powered Speed for driven tools: Max. 6,000 rpm (3.8 kW) Tooling system: VDI 20 (DIN 69880) Tailstock: Quill diameter 70 mm, stroke 120 mm, MK 5 mount Iedjy Dckaspfx Aa Ijar Dimensions & capacities Footprint: approx. 2,600 x 1,915 x 1,730 mm Weight: approx. 2,200 kg Coolant tank: approx. 70 liters Fixed steady rest with rollers, guide diameter 10-115 mm Travelling steady rest with rollers, guide diameter 10-115 mm Three-jaw chuck Schunk Rota Splus 200-52 J 6, high precision Quick-action chuck with lever, SSF 40/6 Ortlieb, collet 173 E Preparation for faceplate operation, includes speed monitoring with separately adjustable speed supervision. Tooling equipment: fixed turning tool holders and driven tool holders Jaws / hard and soft Collets 173 E The machine was used in single-part production for prototype manufacturing. Low spindle running hours Available immediately.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 1,487 h, load capacity: 1,300 kg, lifting height: 4,500 mm, free lift: 1,450 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,100 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 3-wheel forklift ISO class: ISO Class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Transmission: Automatic Condition: Refurbished, no warranty Technical condition: Very good Front tires type: Superelastic Front tires condition: New Rear tires type: Superelastic Iaodpfxsyz Ecaj Aa Isr Rear tires condition: 20 - 40% Battery voltage: 24V Battery year: 2022 Description: Price includes new UVV safety inspection, original paint with only minor paint imperfections on the counterweight (additional €1,000 net for new paint), battery from 2022 will be reconditioned with a power cycler including Kappa test, appropriate charger with plug included. We are happy to arrange cost-effective transport for you. Lease-purchase available! Sideshift, third valve, rear work lights, front work lights, half-cab, load protection guard, full free lift, CE certificate, safety light, half-cab with PVC doors.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, turning diameter over cross slide: 755 mm, turning length: 510 mm, turning diameter: 366 mm, spindle bore: 73 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 260 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 100 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 590 mm, spindle motor power: 15,000 W, rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 10 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, rotational speed (max.): 6,000 rpm, total height: 2,120 mm, total length: 5,705 mm, total width: 1,922 mm, feed length X-axis: 260 mm, feed length Y-axis: 100 mm, feed length Z-axis: 590 mm, quill travel distance: 564 mm, quill diameter: 80 mm, swing diameter over cross slide: 755 mm, turning diameter over bed slide: 923 mm, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 5,700 kg, swing diameter over bed slide: 923 mm, bar passage: 65 mm, bar diameter (max.): 65 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, 2009 Mori Seiki NL2000Y/500 CNC Lathe in very good condition. Plastics-only medical device use. Y-Axis, live tooling, tailstock, workpiece unloader. Available now in Ireland. Machine Type: CNC Turning Centre with Y-Axis & Live Tooling Manufacturer: Mori Seiki (DMG MORI) Model: NL2000Y/500 Year: 2009 Location: Ireland Availability: Immediate Machine Overview We are pleased to offer this 2009 Mori Seiki NL2000Y/500 CNC Lathe in very good condition, available through Used Machine Tools Ireland. This machine was used only for dry machining of plastics by a medical device manufacturer, meaning: No heavy metal cutting No coolant contamination Exceptionally low mechanical wear The Mori Seiki NL Series is globally recognised as a benchmark for high-precision CNC turning, and the NL2000Y/500 is especially sought after due to its Y-axis capability, live tooling, and BMT (Built-in Motor Turret) design. Key Features & Benefits Y-Axis CNC Lathe – complex milling and turning in one setup BMT Turret Technology – superior rigidity, accuracy, and thermal stability Live Tooling up to 6,000 RPM – ideal for milling, drilling, and tapping Medical / Plastics-Only Use – extremely clean operating history Tailstock & Workpiece Unloader – ideal for automated production MSX-850 III Control – powerful, reliable Mori Seiki control system Technical Specifications – Mori Seiki NL2000Y/500 Capacity Distance Between Centres: 500 mm Chuck : Collet Chuck Max Turning Diameter: 366 mm Standard Turning Diameter: 275 mm Max Turning Length: 510 mm Bar Capacity: 65 mm Swing Over Bed: 923.8 mm Swing Over Cross Slide: 755 mm Axis Travel X-Axis: 260 mm Z-Axis: 590 mm Y-Axis: ±50 mm (100 mm total) Spindle Max Spindle Speed: 5,000 RPM Spindle Nose: JIS A2-6 Through-Spindle Bore: 73 mm Spindle Motor: 15 / 15 / 11 kW Turret & Tooling Turret Type: BMT (Built-in Motor Turret) Tool Stations: 16 Max Live Tool Speed: 6,000 RPM Live Tool Torque: 29 Nm Turret Index Time: 0.2 seconds Feed Rates Rapid Traverse (X / Z): 30,000 mm/min Rapid Traverse (Y): 10,000 mm/min Tailstock Tailstock Travel: 564 mm Spindle Diameter: 80 mm Taper: MT4 Live Centre Automation Workpiece Unloader: Yes Max Workpiece Diameter: 80 mm Max Workpiece Length: 200 mm Max Workpiece Weight: 3 kg Electrical & Dimensions Power Requirement: 31.5 kVA Machine Dimensions (L × W × H): 2705 × 1922 × 2120 mm Machine Weight: 5,700 kg Included with Machine ✔ Selection of axial & radial driven toolholders ✔ Selection of static toolholders ✔ Extraction unit for plastic machining Iaedpfxoyhqkze Aa Isr Additional Notes Used exclusively for dry plastic machining No coolant system fitted, however the machine is prepared for coolant installation and can be added at cost Specifications provided in good faith but not guaranteed Ideal Applications Medical device manufacturing Plastic & polymer machining Precision CNC turning & milling Aerospace, electronics & high-tolerance components This Mori Seiki NL2000Y/500 CNC Lathe represents a rare opportunity to acquire a premium Japanese turning centre with an exceptionally clean usage history.