Used Sharpening Machine For Frame Saws for sale (74,383)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1981, machine/vehicle number: 12236-81, Offer 24157 Technical data: - Roller diameter 420 mm - projection 400 mm - max. passage height 325 mm - Table size 600 x 600 mm - Table can be tilted left / right 10° / 45° - Table height from floor approx. 1030 mm - Saw blade length 3450 - 3640 mm - Band width max. 25 mm - infinitely variable band speed 15 - 1500 m/min - Drive 400 V / 1.5 kW Godpfx Astwbxnjayjbt - Weight approx. 500 kg - Space requirement approx. W 800 x H 1850 x D 1000 mm - with: - IDEAL saw blade welding unit - lighting

Condition: new, 1 brand new horizontal bandsaw machine with a swiveling frame and double miter capability (R/L) Manufacturer: HUVEMA / BEKA-MAK, Origin Turkey Model: HU 230 DG-4 Cutting range: Round 230 mm Rectangular 320 x 130 mm Square 230 mm -45° Round 180 mm -45° Flat 230 x 100 mm -45° Square 150 mm +45° Round 210 mm +45° Flat 230 x 160 mm +45° Square 180 mm +60° Round 120 mm +60° Flat 120 x 100 mm +60° Square 100 mm Working height 760 mm Motor power, main drive 1.0 - 1.3 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz Motor power, coolant pump 0.12 kW 2 speeds 35 / 70 m/min Saw blade dimensions 2730 x 27 x 0.9 mm Dimensions L x W x H 1350 x 700 x 1300 mm Weight 415 kg Accessories / Special features: • Double miter capability through a swiveling frame o The material to be cut remains straight in space! o No need to turn the material for miter cuts! o High efficiency with enormous time savings! • Adjustable precision stops 0°, 45° and 60° on the left and 45° on the right • Interchangeable work table • Quick-release vise, can be shifted to the left and right • Adjustable length stop 500 mm for cuts of the same length Gbodjfk Ew Espfx Aayet • The lowering of the saw arm is regulated steplessly by a hydraulic cycle • Coolant system • Chip brush • Swiveling control panel • Electric safety switch for blade tension and saw blade guard • Automatic shutdown at the end of the cut • Emergency stop switch • CE compliant Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund-Wambel / Germany

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, machine/vehicle number: 60.11.012.01, functionality: fully functional, power: 5.5 kW (7.48 HP), cutting height (max.): 155 mm, saw blade diameter: 450 mm, cutting length (max.): 3,200 mm, cutting width at rip fence: 1,610 mm, pivoting range: 45 °, table length: 3,200 mm, table width: 1,610 mm, Equipment: motor brake, scorer, Format-4 Kappa 450 – Panel Saw – Well-Maintained Condition For sale is a Format-4 Kappa 450 panel saw from the manufacturer Format-4 (Felder Group), year of manufacture 2001, in fully functional and well-maintained condition. Features and Equipment: - Integrated scoring unit - Extra-wide rip fence – up to 1,610 mm cutting width The machine has been regularly serviced and is in good technical and visual condition. Gbodpfx Aajxvdqieyot Key Technical Data: Model: Format-4 Kappa 450 Year: 2001 Saw blade diameter: max. 450 mm Cutting width at rip fence: 1,610 mm With scoring unit and tilting function Condition: Used, well-maintained, fully operational.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, turning diameter over cross slide: 272 mm, turning length: 1,250 mm, turning diameter: 470 mm, spindle bore: 80 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 50 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 1,250 mm, rotational speed (min.): 50 rpm, rotational speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, total height: 1,850 mm, total length: 2,700 mm, total width: 1,350 mm, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 2,300 kg, XYZ Proturn CNC/Manual Lathe Model: Proturn 410 Control: Proto Trak LX2 Swing Over Bed: 470mm Swing In Gap: 730mm Swing Over Cros Slide: 272mm Distance Between Centres: 1250mm Gbedpfszux Iyex Aayet Spindle Speeds: 50-2500 RPM Spindle Bore: 80mm Machine With: 300mm 3 Jaw Chuck Quick Change Toolpost with Holders Dimensions: 2700 x 1350 x 1850mm high Weight: 2300 Kgs

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1980, Band saw machine Make KÖLLE Type:ST 105 Year 1980 overhang 1050 mm with saw band - welding device IDEAL . Infinitely variable speeds. Machine ready for use condition. Gedpemp Trwsfx Aaysbt

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2023, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, Professional Spiral Duct Forming Machine – Ø80–1600 mm We are offering for sale a complete industrial machine for the production of round spiral ducts (SPIRO ducts) for HVAC, ventilation and dust extraction systems. We are the first owner. The machine was purchased directly from the manufacturer, professionally commissioned, configured and fine-tuned for production. It has only been used occasionally for our own production requirements and has never been operated in continuous or multi-shift mass production. The machine is fully operational, properly adjusted and ready for production. It is currently connected and can be demonstrated under actual production conditions, allowing the buyer to inspect the complete process and the quality of finished ducts before purchase. Key Features * working diameter range: Ø80–1600 mm * production speed: up to 60 m/min * installed power: 11.25 kW * galvanized steel: 0.4–1.2 mm * stainless steel: 0.4–0.7 mm * aluminium: 0.4–1.3 mm * pneumatic sheet metal strip decoiler * touchscreen control panel * automatic lubrication system * automatic forming angle adjustment * automatic rotary cutting * automatic fault detection * smooth ducts or single/double reinforcing beads * external spiral lock seam * machine weight: approx. 2,900 kg 39 Forming Heads Included The machine comes with an extensive set of 39 forming heads covering 22 diameters: Ø80 (1), Ø100 (2), Ø125 (3), Ø160 (3), Ø200 (3), Ø250 (3), Ø315 (3), Ø355 (2), Ø400 (2), Ø450 (2), Ø500 (2), Ø560 (2), Ø630 (2), Ø710 (1), Ø800 (1), Ø900 (1), Ø1000 (1), Ø1120 (1), Ø1250 (1), Ø1400 (1), Ø1500 (1), Ø1600 (1). The set therefore covers the full working range from Ø80 to Ø1600 mm, with additional heads for the most commonly produced diameters. Spare Parts Package A comprehensive package of spare and wear parts is included, such as forming and guiding components, lock-seaming rollers, pneumatic components, cutting knives/rotary cutting components and decoiler braking parts. This provides an important operational reserve and helps minimise downtime without having to immediately source essential parts internationally. Production-Ready + Training The buyer receives a fully configured and proven production machine, not an uncommissioned unit requiring extensive setup and adjustment. We provide on-site commissioning assistance and operator training at the buyer’s facility, including machine operation, forming head replacement, adjustment for different diameters and sheet thicknesses, maintenance and trial production. The machine can be inspected and demonstrated during actual spiral duct production before purchase. Gjdpfx Aaezt Ni Eoyjbt Approximately 100 steel stacking racks (Maurack type) for storing and transporting finished ducts are also available and can be purchased together with the machine. The machine is located in Poland. Transport can be arranged individually. Price: upon request / subject to negotiation. For further information, photos, videos or to arrange a live machine demonstration, please contact us directly.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1981, machine/vehicle number: 11790-81, Offer 23402 Technical data: - Roller diameter 420 mm - projection 400 mm - max. passage height 325 mm - Table size 600 x 600 mm - Table can be tilted left / right 10° / 45° - Table height from floor approx. 1030 mm - Saw blade length 3450 - 3640 mm - Band width max. 25 mm - infinitely variable band speed 15 - 1500 m/min - Drive 400 V / 1.5 kW - Weight approx. 500 kg - Space requirement approx. W 800 x H 1850 x D 1000 mm - with: - IDEAL saw blade welding unit - lighting Gjdpferi R Azox Aayobt

Condition: used, 1 piece of MEP COBRA 350 SX aluminum circular sawing machine with roller conveyor, length approx. 630 cm, self-assembly Color: as shown in the pictures, according to the images and upon inspection Condition: used Gsdpfxszvddpe Aayjbt Location of the goods: Production hall 1 Payment method: prepayment by bank transfer Shipping: Self-collection only from the Osterburken location.

Condition: excellent (used), new engine, finish diameters 40-140 Gedpfxeq R Sutj Aaysbt

Condition: used, Wegoma table saw machine offered. Gbedsgmb Agopfx Aayjt Type: TS 250 For more information call us or send an e-mail.

Condition: used, functionality: unexamined, Rated voltage 380V, 15A Grinding motor 5.5 kW Feed motor 0.37 kW Grinding belt width 200 mm Grinding belt length 1800 mm Gbedpfx Asznv Uweayot Pneumatic connection 6 bar Feed speeds 6 / 11 / 16 m/min Electric table height adjustment Belt air blast Dust extraction connection 140 mm

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2023, For sale is a demonstration unit Hammer K3 Winner Comfort panel saw with a cutting length of 2000 mm. The machine is in mint condition. Technical data: - Sliding table: 2000 mm Gbsdpfx Asvxrureayet - Outrigger table: 1100 mm - Mitre fence: 1300 mm - Angle indexer - Saw blade tiltable 90-45° - Max. cutting height: 104 mm with blade diameter 315 mm - Cutting width: 800 mm - 5.5 HP (4 kW) motor, 400 Volt - Year of manufacture: 2023 The panel saw is located in A-5431 Kuchl and can be inspected at any time during our opening hours. Subject to prior sale! Related terms: saw, circular saw, Hammer, panel saw, sliding table saw Reference: R-A0117

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, JMY-870 Circular Saw Blade Sharpener is a precise and reliable machine designed for sharpening carbide-tipped (TCT) saw blades with diameters ranging from 80 to 700 mm. Developed for professional users, it ensures high sharpening quality and stable operation thanks to its robust cast iron construction. The machine comes equipped with a diamond grinding wheel, providing long service life and excellent machining accuracy. Main advantages of the JMY-870 saw blade sharpener 125 mm diamond grinding wheel – ideal for sharpening carbide-tipped (TCT) saw blades. Sharpening angle adjustment from -35° to +45° – allows precise adjustment of the blade position according to the saw blade type. Bevel angle adjustment from -30° to +85° – provides full flexibility when selecting tooth geometry. Stable cast iron base – minimizes vibrations and ensures safe operation. Set of reducing bushings included – enables compatibility with different blade bore diameters. Free tool set included – the machine is supplied with the necessary keys required for operation. Quiet operation – rubber vibration-damping pads improve user comfort. Design and technology The JMY-870 sharpener is equipped with a precise blade mounting system and an adjustable support table, allowing accurate positioning of the blade in both planes. The powerful 0.25 kW motor with a speed of 2850 rpm provides optimal grinding performance and high sharpening quality. Precision and work efficiency High-quality workmanship and a stable construction ensure uniform sharpening of every saw tooth. Thanks to a wide range of angle adjustments and precise blade guidance, the sharpener guarantees accurate results even when working with very hard materials. Applications The JMY-870 saw blade sharpener is ideal for: woodworking workshops, Gsdpfx Asu Tti Ieaysbt production plants, tool regeneration and sharpening service centers. It is perfectly suited for sharpening circular saw blades with various tooth geometries and, thanks to its precise operation, can also be used in professional industrial tool sharpening applications. Standard equipment 125 mm diamond grinding wheel Set of reducing bushings for different saw blade bore diameters Cast iron base with rubber vibration-damping pads Technical specifications Minimum / maximum saw blade diameter 80 mm – 700 mm Horizontal blade holder adjustment -35° to +45° Grinding assembly tilt angle -20° to +20° Grinding wheel speed 2850 rpm Grinding wheel dimensions 125 × 10 × 13 mm Motor power 0.25 kW Power supply 230 V Net weight 21 kg Machine dimensions 750 × 750 × 350 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1995, machine/vehicle number: 9131, Offer 26050 Technical data: - Saw blade dimensions - vertical 400 x 3.5 x 40 mm - - horizontal 400 x 3.5 x 40 mm - Notching area / notch depth vertical 135 mm - Notching area / notch depth horizontal 105 mm - Notching width at 90° up to 280 mm - Notching width at 30° up to 100 mm - Vertical saw blade manually swivellable from 90° - 30° via hand wheel - Usable as a shifting saw without horizontal saw blade - Profile stop shoulder swivellable 30° - 90° - 30° - Pneumatic material clamp - Coolant spray device - Air connection 6 bar Gjdpfx Aeyz Tqroaysbt - Drive 400 V / 2 x 2.2 kW / 2800 rpm - Space requirement approx. W 2200 x H 1600 x D 1400 mm - Weight approx. 800 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Manual band saw machine for cuts from 0° to 60° right. Hydraulic belt tension, loop handle with control button. Combination belt guide with lateral bearings. Carbide cutting tips and an upper bearing. Manual pruning or pruning option without the user, with the weight of the bracket and controlled by hydraulic brakes; then the bracket is raised again manually to the desired position. Manual clamp for quick and precise blocking of the part. Rotation of the bracket from 0° to 60° to the right with locks, precise measurement of the angle, manual vice with quick-release lever. Millimetric degree scale rod. Coolant tank integrated on the upper side of the base frame with a discharge nozzle and electric coolant pump for cooling on both sides of the saw blade guides. Control voltage 24 VAC, main switch and control. Gsdpsgculvofx Aayebt Maximum current protection and short circuit. Connection voltage: 400V/50Hz/3Ph standard. Machine colour: yellow RAL 1018 and gray RAL 7036. It is always possible for you to inspect the desired system in our production/demonstration hall. Please do not hesitate to contact us.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1984, machine/vehicle number: 102335, Offer 23172 Technical data: - Saw blade diameter up to 400 mm - Cutting range with saw blade diameter 400 mm - at 90° round 130 mm - square 120 mm - flat up to 260 x 60 mm - Mitre adjustment left + right 0 - 90 ° - Cutting speed 1750 / 3500 m/min - Feed speed of the saw blade 0 - 3 m/min - Rapid return 3000 mm/min - Saw drive 400 V / 3.7 / 4.4 kW Gedormkl Ajpfx Aayjbt - Pneum. Material vice with adjustable clamping pressure - Space requirement approx. W 1200 x H 1900 x D 1200 mm - Weight approx. 600 kg - Outfeed roller conveyor 3000 mm - Infeed roller conveyor 3000 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1993, machine/vehicle number: 28794, Offer 24419 Gjdpsuk D I Rsfx Aaysbt Technical data: - Roller diameter 520 mm - projection 510 mm - max. passage height 420 mm - Table size 750 x 800 mm - Table swivels left + right 15 / 30 ° - Table height from floor 1020 mm - Saw blade length 4120 - 4200 mm - saw blade width 20 - 25 mm - infinitely variable cutting speed - level 1 18 - 160 m/min - Stage 2 240 - 2280 m/min - Pneumatic connection 6 bar - Drive 400 V / 5.5 kW - Weight approx. 1100 kg - Space requirement approx. W 1200 x H 2200 x D 900 mm - with: - table feed - Saw blade welding unit in the machine stand - Grinding stone - Shears + air pump - lighting

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1994, Offer 24186 Technical data: - Manual saw blade feed Gsdpfx Aaozqtrfjyobt - Workpiece clamping in the machine vice - Saw blade diameter up to 315 mm - 2 cutting speeds: 40 - 80 m/min - Cutting range: at 90° - Round: 110 mm - Rectangular: 82 x 160 mm - Square: 82 x 82 mm - Miter cut: at 45° - Round: 110 mm - Rectangular: 80 x 120 mm - Square: 82 x 82 mm - Drive: 400 V / 1.4 / 1.9 kW - Coolant system - Space requirement: approx. W 600 x H 1600 x D 750 mm - Weight: approx. 300 kg

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 530 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 249582, Fully working. when you make reservation payment we can pack machine after 16 weeks. if you need any other information or photo,video you can contact me in Whatsapp, viber or email +37067337985 Gedozxxqpspfx Aayobt

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Complete sawing frame for EWD Esterer gate, type HDN 600 or HDS 600 with width adjustment. Includes Jansen double-yoke tensioner. Lightly used. Ideal for keeping spare parts in stock. Gbjdpezn Uv Hofx Aayot

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: G-KF131799aH, Format circular saw milling machine Hammer B3 Winner, year of manufacture 2023, as new, standard equipment, 2x3 kW, 2000 mm table length, 500 kg Gbsdpfx Aevw Ectoayjt Prices subject to change, errors, printing and typesetting errors reserved

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Standard configuration: ▪   No. 2 carbide tungsten saw blades Ø 600 mm ▪   Integral safety casing for cutting area protection ▪   No. 4 vertical vices ▪   2 Retractable pneumatic intermediate supports ▪   Loading roller conveyor 400 (Useful length 2,2 m) on mobile head ▪   Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) with pure oil ▪   Greasing gun ▪   Set up for the extraction of chips and fumes ▪   15' touch screen control panel (IP65) on linear guides ▪   PC operator interface ▪   Operating system Windows ® ▪   Real time numerical control ▪   FSTCUT4 software licence Gbjdpfjztr Rrsx Aayjt ▪   Software management of cutting in minimum and super-minimum mode for special lengths ▪   Software management of cutting in oversize mode for special lengths ▪   Software management of cutting in trimming mode for cut ends with variable angles ▪   Teleservice for the first 12 months Optional equipment installed on the machine: ▪ PR-29060 Profile lifting kit ▪ PR208207 Third intermediate pneumatic retractable support ▪ PR206695 Chip conveyor belt ▪ PR203359 Label printer ▪ PR203356 Licence for step-by-step cutting software, complete with 1 extra surface on fixed head, horizontal clamps on fixed and mobile head (no. 2), 90° cuts, two-hand control ▪ IV33160 Vacuum cleaner for extraction of chips and fumes

Condition: used, WIDMA UWS 650 tool sharpening machine for grinding and sharpening tools or for machining complex geometric shapes. Technical data: - Length: 1,000 mm - Width: 600 mm - Height: 1,400 mm - Mounting mandrel Ø: 30 mm Gbedpjzrx Hkjfx Aayet - Mounting mandrel length: 135 mm

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, Exhibition Machine Year of Construction: 2024 Equipment and Technical Data: Robust German engineering for trimming, cross-cutting, formatting, mitre cutting, etc. - Top-mounted control panel at eye level, swiveling, incl. fence guide - 7" touchscreen control for the electromotive positioning of cutting height, saw blade swivel adjustment, cut width stop and optionally for the height and side adjustment of the scoring saw Auto-EPS. Tool database for 50 saw blades and display of the current speed. - Electromotive height and swivel adjustment - Swivel range of the saw blade from 0 to 47° - APA saw blade quick clamping system - Speed of main saw blade 3000/4000/5000/6000 rpm - Protective device that can be swiveled away on both sides, safety guard with interchangeable insert wide/narrow for saw blades up to Ø 450 mm - Width stop with a cutting width of 1250 mm, electromotive - Trolley with a cutting length of 3200 mm and locking every 50 mm - Cross slide with support roller and adjustable extension in both directions. Length stop with mm scale and extension up to 3500 mm with 2 adjustable folding stops and 1 end stop, simultaneously usable as an angle mitre stop on both sides, infinitely adjustable from 0-46° with automatic length compensation and detent for 15°, 22.5°, 30°, 45° fixable. - Push-button control with electronic soft start (start/stop) - Electronic, maintenance-free motor brake - Cutting length 3200 mm - Cutting height max. 155 mm at 90°, 105 mm at 47° - Cutting width at the width stop 1250 mm, electromotive - Length stop on the cross slide extendable up to 3500 mm - Max. saw blade Ø 450 mm, saw blade Ø 400 mm can be lowered under the table - Table size of the cast iron table top 1200 x 665 mm - plus table extension 750 x 655 mm - Table extension 1430 x 940 mm - Table height / working height 900 mm - Extraction connection 120 mm on the machine body, 80 mm on the safety guard - Motor power 5.5 kW / 7.5 HP - Electrical voltage 400 V / 50 Hz - Trolley, length and width stop profiles anodized - Machine body and swivel arm powder-coated in anthracite RAL 7021, cladding sheet safety guard on top in violet blue RAL 5000, on the machine body in light gray RAL 7035 - Footprint: 7110 x 4150 mm - Weight: approx. 1050 kg depending on the model, up to 1250 kg - CE compliant, GS tested, BG-wood dust tested Special equipment: Incl. scoring unit 0.55 kW, electromotive positioning for side and height adjustment via LED display and memory function; when the scoring saw is switched on, the unit automatically moves to the set position values; when switched off, the unit automatically moves under the table into a lateral parking position, so that larger saw blades than Ø 350 mm can also be used without removing the scoring saw blades. Incl. THREE-PHASE MOTOR FOR THE MAIN SAW WITH 7.5 KW (10 HP) instead of 5.5 kW Incl. Quickstep scoring system: Tool-free manual adjustment of the scoring width From 2.8 to 3.8 mm by incremental adjustment by 0.05 mm per step, incl. 1 set of saw blades 125 x 2.8-3.8 x 50 mm Z = 12+12 Incl. SWIVELING DEVICE FOR THE CROSS SLIDE Quick and ergonomic sliding into the parking position Godow I Ummopfx Aayebt Incl. Length stop with digital display mounted on each stop flap, adjustable to 0.1 mm, length max. 3300 mm

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Sawblade width max. 120 mm Weight 350 kg Motor output 1,3 kW WINTER AUTOMATIC BAND SAW GRINDING MACHINE BANDSAWMAX 120 PNK-AB PNK-AB is specially designed for grinding the teeth of various band saw blades used in various forms, width and thickness. Compact and rigid grinding unit moving on linear bearings of PNK-AB machine provides precise and stable grinding. Technical specifications: - Band Saw Width 15-120mm - Tooth pitch Max. 60mm Tooth depth 0-30mm - Tooth forms PV,NV,KV,PU,NU - Hook angle -10° to +30° - Feeding rate 0-90 teeth/min. - Motor quantity 2 - Grinding wheel motor – 1.1kW, 1400 r.p.m. - Gearbox motor double-rev. – 0.55kW, 1400 r.p.m - Grinding wheel diameter Ø250mm - Grinding wheel bore diameter Ø20mm - Grinding wheel thickness 8mm/10mm/13mm (depending tooth pitch) - Operating voltage 400V, 3Ph, 50-60Hz - Total power ~1,3kW - Dimensions 80*120*175cm - Net/gross weight 350/375kg PNK-AB General Features: - Automatic grinding of band saw blades up to 120mm width. - Grinding wheel riding on linear rails. - Non-corroding and hardening plating on all mechanical components. - On/off switch. Gbjdpfeyk Ib Aox Aayet - Max 60mm tooth pitch. - Ease of use. - Minimum space required. - Fast and precise grinding of NV,PV and KV tooth forms. - Manual central lubrication. - Manual saw holder and blade lifting system. - Optional circular(HSS) and gang saw grinding attachments. - Production conformed with CE standards Capacity: Grinding up to 30 band saws per day. Optional supplements: - CBN Woodmizer wheel nett price EUR 375,- - Diamond wheel for Bimetal nett price EUR 520,- - Bakelite wheel 13mm nett price EUR 75,- - Ceramic wheel 16mm nett price EUR 115,- - CBN grinding wheel nett price EUR 1.125,- - Spare Index Finger nett price EUR 70, - Index finger pin nett price EUR 20,- - Wheel dresser attachment nett price EUR 1.170,- - Wheel dresser diamond nett price EUR 100,- - Circular (HSS) saw grinding attachment nett price EUR 960,- - Frame saw grinding attachment nett price EUR 2.700,-/1meter - Coiler and uncoiler system for band saw manufacturers nett price EUR 5.800,- - Sealed packing nett price EUR 570,- - Attachment for double side saws nett price EUR 1.560,- - Pneumatic system for second indexing finger nett price EUR 1.140,- - CAM for GD tooth profile (WM) blades nett price EUR 330,-