Used Test Table for sale (25,067)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2017, Code: 0384 Brand: SCM Model: SI 400 EP NOVA - CE Standard Electronic 3-axis controlled panel saw with scoring unit for panels, furniture, custom-made furniture , window and door frames, wooden doors, carpentry, plastics, composite materials and various – CE Standard – Year 2017 Iodsy R N Sdjpfx Apnjib Technical data: Sliding aluminium alloy carriage length 3200 mm Fixed table dimensions 1040 x 630 mm Squaring capacity 3200 x 3200 mm Blade tilt from 90° to 45° Max blade diameter 400 mm Hole 30 Scoring unit blade diameter 120 mm Hole 30 Max cutting height at 90° 140 mm Max cutting height at 45° 99 mm Blade rotation speed 3000/4000/5000 rpm Scoring blade rotation speed 8500 rpm Cutting width with parallel guide 1270 mm Blade motor power 7 Kw Scoring motor power 0,9 Kw Suction inlet diameter under the table 120 mm Suction inlet diameter on the suspended protective hood 80 mm Table extension Parallelogram guard 3 controlled axis: blade lifting - blade tilting - parallel guide Overall dimensions of assembled machine mm 3400 x 3900 x 1600 h Overall dimensions for transport mm 3400 x 2200 x 1600 h Weight kg 780

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1994, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 14219, travel distance X-axis: 1,250 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 900 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 560 mm, spindle diameter: 75 mm, spindle speed (max.): 1,800 rpm, With digital position display! TECHNICAL DETAILS X-axis: 1,250 mm Y-axis: 900 mm Z-axis (or W-axis): 560 mm Spindle diameter: 75 mm Spindle speeds: 18–1,800 rpm Spindle taper: SK-40 Table size: 950 mm x 950 mm MACHINE DETAILS Iisdpfx Apoy Emq Tonjb Weight: 10,000 kg EQUIPMENT All accessories shown in the photos, including tools, tool cabinets, and clamping devices

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NUMBER 7394 TECHNICAL DATA Isdpfx Asy Rr R Nepnsib - max main blade diameter: 380mm - max cutting height: 110mm - main blade height adjustable up/down - spindle diameter: 30mm - spindle lock - with sliding table - cutting length on sliding table: 2560mm - cutting width at rip fence: 810mm - with side table - main motor: 5.5kW - table dimensions: 1250x730mm - blade guard included - overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2580x2570x1050mm - weight: 780kg ADVANTAGES – German-made – Used saw, very good condition Net price: 7900 PLN Net price: 1880 EUR (based on 4.2 EUR rate) (Prices may change with significant currency fluctuations)

Condition: new, Catalogue number H0548 - New machine, in stock - CE certificate - Cutting length: 3200 mm - Cutting width: 1150 mm - Cutting height 90°/45°: 80/55 mm - Max. blade diameter: 305 mm - Blade adjustable up/down and at 45° angle - Scoring blade diameter: 120 x 20 mm - Main saw speed: 4500, 5500 rpm - Scoring saw speed: 8000 rpm Iedpfoy Rrzhex Apneib - Motor: 5.5 kW / 400 V - Scoring motor: 1.1 kW - Carriage guided on steel rods Overall dimensions: - Length: 3220 mm - Width: 3150 mm - Height: 900 mm - Weight: 700 kg - Mechanical height adjustment - Mechanical tilt adjustment - Table extension - Table widening - Angle cutting fence - Includes main blade and scoring blade Net price: 20,320 PLN Net price: 4,990 EUR Net price calculated at exchange rate 4.1 PLN/EUR (In case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 230 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, laser power: 20 W, laser wavelength: 1,064 nm, scan area length: 110 mm, scan area width: 110 mm, type of cooling: air, type of input current: AC, laser type: fiber laser, The LAS 22 is a compact tabletop unit with a small working area, ideally suited for small parts. Due to its small size, the unit is very practical and can be used anywhere. The device is very easy to operate without programming knowledge. With the powerful laser software, texts, numbers, 2D codes, QR codes and logos can be realized with just a few clicks and without extensive programming knowledge. Serial and item numbers are automatically incremented by the software after prior setting. In addition, the software can read data (variable information such as drawing numbers, project designations, etc.) from existing tables and automatically transfer them to predefined areas. The use of a handheld scanner is also possible. The standard equipment includes a laptop with Windows operating system and laser software. Optionally, the laser model LAS 22 can be equipped with a rotary axis (3-jaw chuck) for marking cylindrical parts. - Fiber laser 30 Watt (Optional: 20 Watt) Iiedpfxoy Emtho Apnjb - Laser class 1 - Wavelength 1064nm - Marking field size 110 x110mm - marking software EZCAD in German / English - Pilot laser (simple preview/contour) - Focus finder (simple focusing) - Max. Component height approx. 95 mm - Grid holes for fixtures - Clamping area 310x190mm - Electrically adjustable Z-axis - Electric door with pinch protection - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - Welded steel plate construction - Connection 230V - Air cooled - Laptop with Windows operating system (German or English) - dimensions: LBH 600x 400x 690 mm - weight: approx. 45 Kg - low operating costs - marking of various materials

Condition: used, Stehle milling machine from company liquidation, as shown in the pictures, fully functional. Iedpfjy Nzmqsx Apnsib

Condition: used, Designation: Vibration Test System Manufacturer: Data Physics Model: LE-1216-3VH Force Rating: Sine (5 - 2000 Hz) Iodpfxjy Rqiws Apnoib Random (20 - 2000 Hz) 12000 lbf (53.4 kN) vector 12000 lbf (53.4 kN) rms Frequency Range Full Force Reduced Force Level 5 to 3000 Hz 2500 to 3000 Hz Maximum Displacement (Peak-Peak): Rated Stroke Limit Shock/Bump Continuous or Random Electrical Overtravel Limit Between Mechanical Stops 3.0 in (76 mm) 2.5 in (63.5 mm) 3.1 in (79 mm) 3.2 in (81 mm) Maximum Velocity 71 in/s (1.8 m/s) Maximum Acceleration Sine 100 g vector, 5 to 2500 Hz Random 50 g rms, 20 to 2000 Hz Fundamental Resonance Frequency (Bare Table) 2050 Hz (nom.) Body Suspension Natural Frequency — Thrust Axis: - Vertical: 2 Hz - Horizontal: Below 2 Hz Blower Power (Full Load): 20 Hp, 20 kW; 230/460 V, 3-phase, 60 Hz Alternate Power: 20 Hp, 20 kW; 208/400 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz Air Pressure: Air Spring: - Vertical: 90-100 psig (621-690 kPa) - Horizontal: 2-5 psig (14-34 kPa) Field Specifications: - Rated Current (dc): 64 A - Maximum Voltage (dc): 240 V - Field Resistance at 20°C: 3.2 ohm Stray Flux Density with degauss coil: < 14 gauss at 12 in (304 mm) above table Field Protection: - Rated degauss coil current: 2.6 A (Nominal) - Maximum degauss coil voltage: 120 V Weight: 1216-3VH: 8000 lbs (3636 kg) Power Amplifier Model: DSA10-80 Item condition: Used item as shown in pictures Armature newly rewound Slip table / 40 mm grid M8 760 x 760 Armature bolt circles 8" / 16" M10 Please contact us if you have any questions. Shipping: The quoted shipping costs apply to deliveries within Germany. Worldwide shipping (please inquire for shipping costs outside of Germany). Sale only to commercial customers, without warranty or guarantee. Deviations from technical data and errors in the description of the items may occur and are subject to change.

Condition: excellent (used), Type: UF 450plus Air circulation: forced convection Temperature Temperature range: +20 °C to +300 °C Working range: at least +10 °C above ambient temperature Setting accuracy: up to 99.9 °C: 0.1 °C from 100 °C: 0.5 °C Temperature sensors: 2× Pt100 (DIN Class A, 4-wire) Interior and Capacity Volume: 449 liters Internal dimensions (W × H × D): 1040 × 720 × 600 mm Maximum number of shelves: 8 Load per shelf: 30 kg Maximum total load: 300 kg Interior: Stainless steel, all-around heating External dimensions and Weight External dimensions (W × H × D): approx. 1224 × 1247 × 784 mm Net weight: approx. 160 kg Gross weight: approx. 185 kg Isdpfxeyzzm Ie Apnsib Electrical Data Voltage: 400 V, 3-phase Power: approx. 5800 W Control and Regulation Controller: ControlCOCKPIT TwinDISPLAY Regulator: digital PID microprocessor Timer: 1 minute to 99 days Functions: SetpointWAIT, HeatBALANCE, calibration at 3 temperature points Adjustable parameters: temperature, fan speed, exhaust flap, time programs Ventilation Recirculating air: adjustable in 10% increments Fresh air: electronically adjustable Exhaust air: with throttle valve Communication Interfaces: Ethernet, USB Software: AtmoCONTROL Safety Temperature limiter (TB), protection class 1 Temperature monitor/limiter (TWW/TWB) selectable ASF system for over- and under-temperature monitoring Equipment Stainless steel door with 2-point locking Stainless steel housing Low-noise air turbine Rear side with 2 feed-throughs approx. 12 cm diameter each Condition: used Scope of delivery: (see picture) (Subject to change and errors in the technical data, information is non-binding!) If you have any further questions, we are happy to assist you by phone. For detailed technical data and processing instructions, we strongly recommend consulting the original datasheets or obtaining information directly from the manufacturer.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2021, machine/vehicle number: 2106-BE 042110-047, Offer 26106 Technical specifications: - Operation via hand-held remote control with cable Iijdpoy Nzfyjfx Apnjb - Load capacity: 2,000 kg - Platform size: 2,500 x 820 mm - Minimum lift table height: 205 mm - Maximum lift table height: 990 mm - Lift stroke: 785 mm - Lifting speed with / without load: 25 / 15 mm/s - Lowering speed with / without load: 25 / 20 mm/s - Hydraulic drive: 400 V / 2.2 kW - Required space: approx. W 2,580 x D 840 x H min. 250 mm - Weight: approx. 270 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2024, New machine – Special price – Year of manufacture 2024 HAND GUARD Edition Single Flex unit. The image shows the system. HAND GUARD is based on early hazard detection to protect the operator from injuries and works in any application. The camera-monitored system first gives a visual warning to alert the user to an impending danger. If the hazard persists, the saw blade is lowered without causing any damage to the machine or material. HAND GUARD supports the processing of various materials such as wood, metal, and plastic. • Contactless and injury-free • Quick commissioning • 100% damage-free • Operates with concealed cuts • Does not need to be deactivated, permanent function • Max. 500 mm saw blade diameter can be fully retracted under the one-sided tilting saw unit as standard. Tilting range: 0 - 46°, equipped with a quick-change system for the main saw blade. Motorized height and tilt adjustment with a maximum saw blade protrusion of 179 mm (removal of the scoring unit may be required in some cases). Additionally, the control unit is positioned at eye level, allowing you to adjust the blade height and tilt, as well as, depending on the control package, the RPM and other functions. The new, clear industrial design marks the exceptional status of the Altendorf brand: This sliding table saw combines distinctive design with timeless aesthetics. The Altendorf double roller carriage is renowned for its smooth operation and precision. It can be locked steplessly in any position. The large double rollers keep the upper carriage absolutely precise in connection with the lower carriage within the respective guide rods. This running quality is maintained for decades, even under heavy use and contamination. The carriage construction is extremely torsion-resistant and dimensionally stable. An additional front support roller with a width of 300 mm is included, offering valuable support for cutting long workpieces on the rip fence. Positionable at 90° under the double roller carriage. 12" touchscreen with integrated keyboard • Automatic dimension correction at the rip and angle fence when tilting the saw unit • Stepless fine control of the axes via +/# keys • Easy axis calibration • Machine diagnostics, operating hours counter, USB interface • Recall last dimension entry (back function) • Conversion of pointed to blunt measurements at the rip and angle fence • Shear cut function with automatic calculation of missing angles or dimensions • Advanced tool management for up to 100 tool memory slots • Storage of scoring position (3-axis scorer) • Input for main blade core thickness & cutting width • Input for main tool speed Additional functions • Grooving: automatic step-by-step positioning of the rip fence • Chain dimension function: cutting sequences with identical distances at the rip fence • Oversize angle cut • Calculator function with result transfer to the axes • Geometric shapes, calculation of missing angles or dimensions • False miters, calculation of missing angles or dimensions • 9999 storable cutting programs • Standard provision for remote maintenance • Template holder directly next to the touchscreen Included accessories for Edition Single Flex: • Double roller carriage with carriage length of 3000 mm • Vario drive 5.5 kW (7.5 HP) VAR Ijdpoyyap Esfx Apnjib

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2009, Technical data: - Operation via hand-held wired remote control - Load capacity: 2000 kg - Platform size: 2500 x 820 mm - Minimum lift table height: 205 mm - Maximum lift table height: 990 mm - Lift stroke: 785 mm - Lifting speed with / without load: 25 / 15 mm/s - Lowering speed with / without load: 25 / 20 mm/s - Hydraulic drive: 400 V / 2.2 kW - Required floor space: approx. W 2580 x D 840 x H min. 250 mm - Weight: approx. 270 kg Iodpfx Aey Nzcrjpnjib

Year of construction: 2026, condition: new, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 230 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, laser power: 30 W, laser wavelength: 1,064 nm, scan area length: 110 mm, scan area width: 110 mm, type of cooling: air, type of input current: AC, laser type: fiber laser, The LAS 22 is a compact tabletop unit with a small working area, ideally suited for small parts. Due to its small size, the unit is very practical and can be used anywhere. The device is very easy to operate without programming knowledge. With the powerful laser software, texts, numbers, 2D codes, QR codes and logos can be realized with just a few clicks and without extensive programming knowledge. Serial and item numbers are automatically incremented by the software after prior setting. In addition, the software can read data (variable information such as drawing numbers, project designations, etc.) from existing tables and automatically transfer them to predefined areas. The use of a handheld scanner is also possible. The standard equipment includes a laptop with Windows operating system and laser software. Optionally, the laser model LAS 22 can be equipped with a rotary axis (3-jaw chuck) for marking cylindrical parts. - Fiber laser 30 Watt (Optional: 20 Watt) - Laser class 1 - Wavelength 1064nm - Marking field size 110 x110mm - marking software EZCAD in German / English - Pilot laser (simple preview/contour) Iijdpfxjwkpxkj Apnob - Focus finder (simple focusing) - Max. Component height approx. 95 mm - Grid holes for fixtures - Clamping area 310x190mm - Electrically adjustable Z-axis - Electric door with pinch protection - optional: exhaust system (incl. activated carbon filter) - Welded steel plate construction - Connection 230V - Air cooled - Laptop with Windows operating system (German or English) - dimensions: LBH 600x 400x 690 mm - weight: approx. 45 Kg - low operating costs - marking of various materials

Condition: used, Rotating bottle table with speed-controlled motor. Diameter: 1.5 metres Additional title: with speed-controlled motor Iijdpfjw Tml Sox Apnjb Diameter: 1500 mm Features: speed-controlled motor

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2004, Ref. -No.: 10520 Manufacturer: TOS VARNSDORF Type: WHNQ 13 CNC Year of construction: 2004 Type of control: CNC-Steuerung Control: HEIDENHAIN TNC 430 Storage location: Halberstadt Country of origin: Czech Republic Machine-No.: 23XX X-Travel: 3500 mm Y-Travel: 2500 mm Z-Travel: 1250 mm W-Axis: 800 mm Table Load: 12.500 kg Clamping Area: 1800 x 2500 mm Tool Taper: SK 50 Tool Piece Magazine With: 60 Pcs./pcs. Spindle Speed: 3.000 RPM Max. Torque: 3323 Nm Iijdpfxow Nmw Hs Apnsb Rapid Travel X/Y/Z: 10000 mm / min Drive Capacity - Spindle Motor: 37 / 1500 kW Weight Of The Machine Ca.: 40 t Further information: - Tools + accessories - Angle head - Angle up to 2.5m - Chip conveyor - 3D measuring probe - Clamping device Machine is still in production and can be inspected under power by arrangement.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, operating hours: 105 h, power: 5.5 kW (7.48 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input current: 10 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, cutting height (max.): 145 mm, cutting width (max.): 1,250 mm, saw blade diameter: 450 mm, tilt adjustment saw blade: 45 °, height adjustment type: electric, saw blade bore: 30 mm, actuation type: electric, rotational speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, rotational speed (min.): 3,500 rpm, total length: 3,200 mm, total width: 1,450 mm, overall weight: 706 kg, table height: 880 mm, year of last overhaul: 2024, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, saw blade guard, scorer, We are offering this as-new SCM minimax si 400es panel saw, year of manufacture 2021. This is an electronic panel saw equipped with a control panel, programmable settings, an electrically adjustable parallel fence with 1250 mm adjustment width, manual longitudinal fence 3200 mm, manual angle adjustment, saw blade diameter up to 450 mm, electronic height adjustment, electronic saw blade tilting from 0–45°, sliding table length 3200 mm with on/off switch at the end of the sliding table. Iedjy Nt I Hopfx Apnoib If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or give us a call.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1996, Incl. 3-roller feed, control panel on top, table extensions, pull-out support, tilting from -5° to +45°. Location: supplier Iijdpfx Apoy Iddionsb

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1981, spindle moulder, spindle moulder, wood milling machine Iisdswnbfkjpfx Apnjb -Manufacturer: Martin, table milling machine type T 21 with table extension -Milling spindle: Ø 30 mm -Speeds: 3,000/4,500/6,000/9,000 rpm -Dimensions total: 1620/1060/H1120 mm -Total weight: 698 kg

Condition: good (used), IMA LED set-up aid used in working condition. about 60 LEDs 15 pin serial port on both sides Iijdsbxx Iuepfx Apnsb Dimensions 18 x 56.7 x 312 mm including 10 mm for the connectors Direct purchase in our internet shop on our homepage

Year of construction: 1990, condition: good (used), Offer 26136 Technical data: (non-binding) - Test panel for wall mounting with various testing devices Iiodpey Nldgofx Apnjb - Required space: W 600 x H 750 x D 300 mm - Weight: 40 kg

Year of construction: 2025, condition: used, Universal Testing Machine PM10 Force: 10 kN Crosshead stroke: 700 mm Test area: 400 mm Overall height: 1230 mm Weight: approx. 85 kg Travel resolution: 0.01 mm Test speed: 1–500 mm/min Return speed: 700 mm/min Load cell: 10 kN Ijdeyc U Ugjpfx Apneib Including evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode via a numeric keypad, allowing for 'quick tests' without the need for a PC. For tests requiring data storage and curve recording, the basic software provides full control and evaluation capabilities. It allows you to generate various test sequences and create test reports. In addition, you have the option to further process the raw data in your own programs. Options: - Delivery and commissioning - DAkkS or factory calibration in accordance with DIN EN ISO 7500-1 - Grips and Fixtures: Compression plates, bending fixtures, shear fixtures, wedge grips, scissor grips, peeling grips, screw grips, pneumatic grips, and hydraulic grips.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Universal testing machine PM10 Iiedpfxod R Dpmo Apnsb Force: 10 kN cross beam stroke: 700 mm Installation space: 400 mm total height: 1230 mm Weight: ca.85 Kg Travel resolution: 0.01 mm testing speed: 1-500 mm / min Return speed: 700 mm / min Force transducer: 10kN incl. evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode via a numeric keyboard, so that a "quick test" can be carried out without a PC. For tests that require data storage and recording of the curve progression, we offer you the possibility of control and evaluation with the basic software. This allows to generate different test sequences and to create a test protocol. Furthermore, you have the possibility to process the raw data in your own programs. Optional: - Delivery & commissioning -DAkkS or factory calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 - Clamps: Pressure plates, bending devices, shearing devices, wedge clamps, shear clamps, peeling clamps, screw clamps, pneumatic clamps and hydraulic clamps.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Universal Testing Machine PM5 Force: 5 kN Iisdpeydanhjfx Apneb Traverse Travel: 520 mm Working Depth: 66 mm Overall Height: 1036 mm Weight: approx. 48 kg Position Resolution: 0.01 mm Test Speed: 1–500 mm/min Return Speed: 700 mm/min Load Cell: 5 kN Incl. evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode via a numeric keypad, enabling “quick tests” without the need for a PC. For testing procedures requiring data storage and curve recording, our basic software provides both control and evaluation functions. This allows you to generate different test sequences and create a test report. In addition, raw data can be further processed in your own software. Optional: - Delivery & commissioning - DAkkS or factory calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 - Grips and fixtures: Compression plates, bending fixtures, shear devices, wedge grips, scissor grips, peeling grips, screw grips, pneumatic grips, and hydraulic grips.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Universal Testing Machine PM50 Force: 50 kN Crosshead Travel: 1200 mm Test Area: 400 mm Overall Height: 1817 mm Weight: approx. 380 kg Resolution (Travel): 0.01 mm Test Speed: 0.03 - 1000 mm/min Return Speed: 1000 mm/min Load Cell: 50 kN Including evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode using a numeric keypad, which means that a "quick test" can be performed even without a PC. For tests requiring data storage and curve recording, our basic software enables you to control the machine and evaluate results. The software allows you to generate different test sequences and create test reports. Furthermore, you can export raw data for further processing in your own programs. Optional: - Delivery & commissioning - DAkkS or factory calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 Iiodpfxsydazue Apnsb - Grips/accessories: Compression plates, bending devices, shear fixtures, wedge grips, scissor grips, peeling grips, screw grips, pneumatic grips, and hydraulic grips.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: PM3, Universal Testing Machine PM3 (2020) Force: 3 kN Crosshead Stroke: 520 mm Working Depth: 66 mm Total Height: 1036 mm Weight: approx. 40 kg Travel Resolution: 0.01 mm Test Speed: 1–500 mm/min Return Speed: 700 mm/min Load Cell: 3 kN Incl. evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode via a numeric keypad, allowing for "quick testing" without the need for a PC. For tests requiring data storage and curve recording, our basic software provides the capability for control and analysis. This enables the creation of various test sequences and the generation of test reports. Furthermore, you have the option to further process the raw data in your own programs. Optional: Iisdpsyc U Dbefx Apneb – Delivery & Commissioning – DAkkS or factory calibration according to DIN EN ISO 7500-1 – Grips and fixtures: Compression plates, bending devices, shear devices, wedge grips, scissor grips, peeling grips, screw grips, pneumatic grips, and hydraulic grips.

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, Universal Testing Machine PM3 Force: 3 kN Traverse stroke: 1200 mm Working space depth: 66 mm Overall height: 1677 mm Weight: approx. 55 kg Travel resolution: 0.01 mm Test speed: 1-500 mm/min Return speed: 700 mm/min Load cell: 3 kN Ijdpfx Apeyc U Rbsnsib Incl. evaluation electronics and basic software. Our testing machines can be operated in stand-alone mode via a numeric keypad, allowing for "quick tests" to be conducted without a PC. For tests requiring data storage and recording of the curve progression, the basic software enables both control and evaluation. The software allows you to generate various test sequences and create test reports. Additionally, you can further process the raw data in your own applications. Optional: - Delivery & commissioning - DAkkS or factory calibration in accordance with DIN EN ISO 7500-1 - Grips and fixtures: Compression plates, bending fixtures, shear fixtures, wedge grips, scissor grips, peeling grips, screw grips, pneumatic grips, and hydraulic grips.