Used Pipe Roll Profile Bending Machine for sale (73,136)

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2016, machine/vehicle number: AR200 tube and profile roll, control type: NC control, degree of automation: semi-automatic, actuation type: hydraulic, controller manufacturer: Delsy, controller model: MG Touch Pro 15", pipe diameter (max.): 273 mm, tube wall thickness (max.): 20 mm, bending angle (max.): 200 °, number of axes: 9, working height: 2,200 mm, overall weight: 27,000 kg, total length: 2,850 mm, total width: 2,950 mm, total height: 2,930 mm, power: 29.42 kW (40.00 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, operating pressure: 240 bar, number of digital displays: 6, Equipment: documentation/manual, emergency stop, Profile bending machine model AR200 brand MG srl year 2016 Capacity chart of the machine in enclosed. Model AR200 Pipe bending roll NR. 2 set of rollers for pipe bending SIZE 159MM - SIZE 139,7 MM Configuration -pyramid dual pinch side rolls independent hydraulic -3 rolls driven hydraulic with gear unit each shaft -side arms left/right side hydraulic move in 3 direction keeping aligned the profile being formed. Bodpfxoyx A Uue Ab Dowt -Control panel console NC programmable with automatic rolling, touch screen 15” , display the 9 axis of the machine with readout for manual use and fully programmable automatic forming -Electric power supply 3phase 400/50 Vac -40HP -Service manuals and operation books original. Additional set of rollers and tooling available for bending section HEB - IPE -UNP - ANGLE – T -SECTION- TUBULAR- IRON BAR ON EDGE - see capacity chart in enclosed ..

Condition: like new (used), PIPE BENDING MACHINE FOR UP TO DIAMETER 36 MM ARE INCLUDED MANY MOLDS FOR BENDING PURPOSES READY FOR ANY INSPECTION, UNDER POWER. "Your Next Reliable Production Machine Starts Here" Bwodpjzupn Rjfx Ab Djt

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2026, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: hydraulic, controller manufacturer: Shenzhen ICM Technology Development Co., Ltd., controller model: 880W02, pipe diameter (max.): 38 mm, pipe length (max.): 3 mm, tube wall thickness (max.): 2 mm, bending angle (max.): 190 °, bending radius (max.): 200 mm, bending radius (min.): 2 mm, mandrel length: 150 mm, number of axes: 2, table length: 3 mm, overall weight: 1,300 kg, total length: 3,900 mm, total width: 900 mm, total height: 1,400 mm, power: 4 kW (5.44 HP), input voltage: 400 V, input current: 20 A, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, oil tank capacity: 80 l, number of digital displays: 1, warranty duration: 36 months, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, emergency stop, foot remote control, quick-change device, Full Automatic Pipe Bending Machine DW38CNC-2A-1S Equipped with a touchscreen and CNC control system; capable of storing up to 500 sets of parameter groups. Features a rebound compensation setting program, with built-in confidentiality protection for programs and processing data. Servo control is adopted for corner bending, pipe bending and material feeding functions. The operating system is protected by passwords and physical keys, and supports production quantity & runtime records for efficient production management. Comes with slow bending and slow core pulling functions. Fault messages are displayed on the screen to help operators troubleshoot problems promptly. Bjdpfx Aey Uuw Tob Djwt Touchscreen This pipe bender is equipped with a Weinview industrial touchscreen for its operation interface, which delivers an intuitive operation experience and allows new operators to get started quickly. You can directly edit the pipe bending process parameters on the interface, such as feeding distance, rotation angle and bending angle, and separately set the running speed for each step. During operation, the interface displays real-time axis positions, bending progress and production cycle, and automatically counts total output and shift output to help you manage production efficiency effectively. It also supports manual single-step debugging, automatic continuous operation, program editing and equipment parameter setting. Different modes can be switched with one click, making it convenient for machine trial runs and mass production alike. Hydraulic solenoid valve manifold This integrated hydraulic solenoid valve manifold serves as the control center of the CNC pipe bender's hydraulic system. Adopting industrial-grade modular design, it integrates multiple solenoid valves to independently control the movements of the feeding axis, rotating axis, bending axis, as well as clamping, auxiliary pushing and other auxiliary mechanisms. Linked with the CNC system, it converts control commands into precise hydraulic power output, enabling smooth operation throughout pipe feeding, rotation and forming. Matched with high-pressure sealed hydraulic hoses, it maintains zero leakage and high stability under full-load operating conditions, delivering reliable performance for long-term mass production. Servo drive These four units are Mitsubishi servo drives equipped on our pipe bender, acting as the power core that governs key movements including material feeding, pipe rotation and pipe bending. Adopting Mitsubishi MR-JE series industrial-grade high-end servo drives, they feature high positioning accuracy and fast response. Both feeding distance and rotating angle can be controlled precisely with no deviation. With excellent stability, they rarely lose steps or malfunction during long-hour continuous operation. This ensures consistent bending precision for every pipe and a high finished product yield.

Condition: used, Roundo PS340 3000 mm Hydraulic Double-Pinch Plate Bending Rolls Manufacturer: Roundo AB Model: PS340 Year: 1983 Country of manufacture: Sweden Type: Hydraulic three-roll double-pinch plate bending rolls Capacity Maximum working length: 3,000 mm Pre-bending capacity: approximately 12 mm mild steel aximum rolling capacity: approximately 18–23 mm mild steel, depending upon finished diameter Standard upper-roll diameter: 340 mm Plate capacities based upon mild steel of approximately 270 N/mm² yield strength Minimum rolling diameter: approximately 1.1–1.4 times the upper-roll diameter, depending upon material thickness Remaining straight edge after pre-bending: approximately 1.5–2 times plate thickness Features Hydraulic double-pinch design Both lower rolls independently hydraulically adjustable Bedpfxjzuzpyj Ab Dswt Pre-bending of both ends without removing and reversing the plate Hydraulic rotation of all three rolls Infinitely variable rolling speed Hydraulic powered drop end Portable pendant control Front safety trip bar Heavy-duty fabricated and stress-relieved frame Forged and crowned steel rolls Rolls mounted in heavy-duty roller bearings Suitable for cylindrical and conical bending Approximate machine weight: 14,000–15,000 kg, subject to confirmation Approximate main motor: 22 kW, subject to data-plate confirmation

Condition: used, Hydraulic Profile Bending Machine, Pipe Bending Machine LANG Type Ondomat 60 Serial No. 2589 Year of manufacture: 1970 Bending capacity max.: Ø 60 x 2 mm Bodpfx Aeyi Hrwsb Dewt Pressing force: 20 tons Counterforce: 7.5 tons Maximum bending angle: 135° Tool stroke: 250 mm Maximum tool width: 125 mm External width of tool rocker: 90 mm Motor power: 18 kW Power supply: 380 Volt, 50 Hz - Hydraulic bending process with counterpressure cylinder for wrinkle-free bending - Up to 10 different bending angles in sequence via automatic indexing turret - Two-hand control panel - 1 set of bending dies Ø 30 mm, die width rocker = 78 mm, die width counterholder = 50 mm Required space (L x W x H): 2000 x 750 x 1500 mm Weight: approx. 2 tons Good condition

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2009, ERCOLINA MB 42 / Mandrel-less pipe bending machine -CE marking -Year of manufacture: 2009 -Bending capacity / steel pipe: 42.4 x 3 mm -Max. pipe diameter, aluminum / copper: 54 x 2 mm -Bending capacity, furniture construction pipe: 48 x 1.5 mm -Solid material up to 30 mm -Max. bending angle: 210 degrees -Electronic control with digital display -Max. 30 program memory slots -Programs with 9 bending operations -Overload protection / Yes -Operation: Dual foot pedal (bending - return) -Max. bending speed: 2 bends/min -Includes 1 tool -1.1 kW -Foot switch -Documentation Dimensions: L x W x H 0.5 x 0.6 x 1.2 meters / Weight 100 kg Bsdpfeznm Nfsx Ab Dowt Errors and omissions excepted.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2004, sheet width 1550 mm plate thickness 6 mm Bodpfxjzxt Txj Ab Dowt diameter of upper rolls 228 mm drive elektronisch zwei angetri

Year of construction: 1992, condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 10-166, OFFER 13467 Bwodpfx Abjhrm Iuj Djt Technical data: - Maximum material thickness with a tensile strength of 40 kg/mm²: approx. 3 mm - Shaft diameter: 45 mm - Manual hydraulic adjustment of the upper roller - Electric foot switch - Drive: 400 V / 1.1 kW - Space requirement: approx. W 550 x H 1200 x D 1200 mm - Weight: approx. 180 kg

Condition: new, Rollmak 3-Roll Round Bending Machine SM 90-10/3.3 Special equipment included in the price: hardened rollers motorized rear roller adjustment digital display Sheet metal width 1050 mm Sheet metal thickness 3.3 mm max. Sheet metal thickness 3.0 mm for pre-bending Roller length 1050 mm Roller diameter 90 mm Smallest bending diameter 130 mm Weight 465 kg Dimensions L-W-H 1650 x 700 x 1160 mm Motor: 1.1 kW Bwodslu Emxjpfx Ab Dst Equipment: Top and bottom rollers electrically driven Top roller can be pivoted outwards Taper bending device asymmetrical roller arrangement self-braking main motor separate control and operating panel Safety cord Values apply to St-37 / 240 N/mm² CE marking

Condition: used, Roll sets for profile bending machine, 3-roller ring bending machine HERKULES WETZLAR The rollers are suitable for a HERKULES WETZLAR profile bending machine, type BO 238 N. Shaft diameter: 60 mm with an 18 mm keyway. 2 pieces, roller set No. 1, roller diameter 110 mm, roller width = 180 mm. 2 pieces, roller set No. 2, roller diameter 160 mm, roller width = 40 mm. 3 pieces, roller set No. 3, roller diameter 150 mm, for pipe diameter Ø 33 mm, roller width 87 / 115 mm. - Roller set No. 3 with adapter ring from Ø 93 to Ø 60 mm, without keyway. The machine had 2 driven rollers. Total weight of all rollers: 57 kg. Bsdpfoglaq Iox Ab Dewt Good condition.

Condition: good (used), Here are the official specifications of your *BPR CP30* – 30mm spindle: It is a small but very versatile machine. Capabilities for mild steel: *Manufacturer's data for BPR / Eagle CP30:* - *Flat bar to flat bar:* 80 x 15 mm max - *Flat bar on edge:* 50 x 10 mm (to be verified, but standard on CP30) - *Round tube:* 60.3 mm x 2 mm (2-3/8" x .062") - *Square tube:* 38 mm x 3 mm (1-1/2" x .120") - *Round solid bar:* 30 mm max - *Square solid bar:* 30 mm also - *Gas pipe / Pipe:* 1"1/2 Sch 40, i.e. 48.3 mm - *U-channel:* 50 x 25 x 5 mm - *Angle iron:* 40 x 40 x 5 mm (external) / 35 x 35 x 5 mm (internal) d019775a *Technical specifications:* - Spindle diameter: 30 mm - 2 drive rollers (the lower 2) - Bending speed: 8.5 m/min - US speed: 12 feet/min - Weight: 210-247 kg depending on version (yours is 187 kg on the plate = older, lighter version) d019 In short, it is perfect for standard locksmithing/metalworking. Bedezwg Rzepfx Ab Djwt

Condition: new, Rollmak 3-Roll Round Bending Machine SM 90-12/3.0 Special equipment included in the price: hardened rollers motorized rear roller adjustment digital display Sheet metal width 1250 mm Sheet metal thickness 3.0 mm max. Sheet metal thickness for pre-bending 2.5 mm Roller length 1250 mm Roller diameter 90 mm Smallest bending diameter 130 mm Weight 500 kg Dimensions L-W-H 1850 x 700 x 1200 mm Motor: 1.1 KW Equipment: Top and bottom roller, electrically driven Bwedpfx Abelu Enro Dot Top roller can be swung out Taper bending device asymmetrical roller arrangement self-braking main motor separate control and operating panel safety cable Values apply to St-37 / 240 N/mm² CE marking

Year of construction: 1990, condition: used, functionality: fully functional, For sale is a robust and fully operational roll forming machine for the production of corrugated and tile-profile sheets made of aluminum. The system is suitable for the continuous production of various profile geometries. The machine was commissioned in October 1990 at Leichtmetallwerk Nachterstedt GmbH and impresses with its solid industrial design. Thanks to the integrated profiling line, the cutting and embossing tool, and the automatic stacking device, an efficient production process is possible, from the coil to the finished profile. The system is particularly designed for the production of roofing profiles, tile profiles, and aluminum corrugated profiles, thus offering a versatile range of applications in the field of sheet metal processing and profile manufacturing. System components: - Coil - Profiling line - Cutting and embossing tool - Automatic stacking device Bsdpsy Sxhwefx Ab Dewt Currently produced profiles: - Tile profile 33/175; material thickness: 0.6 mm - Asymmetrical corrugated profile 33/175; material thicknesses: 0.6 mm and 0.7 mm - Aluminum corrugated profile 28/125; material thicknesses: 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm Condition & Inspection: The system is ready for production, is in fully operational condition, and is currently still used for production. This allows the functionality to be verified on-site if desired. The roll forming machine can be inspected at any time by arrangement at our location in Krostitz, Hilchenbacher Straße 2A. The system is immediately available and ready for sale. We will gladly provide further technical information, images or details upon serious interest.

Condition: new, Rollmak 3-roll round bending machine SM 90-10/3.3 Technical specifications: Sheet width 1050 mm Sheet thickness 3.3 mm max. sheet thickness 3.0 mm Roll length 1050 mm roller diameter 90 mm smallest bending diameter 130 mm Weight 440 kg Dimension L-W-H 1650 x 700 x 1160 mm Bsdpjtzll Eefx Ab Djwt Motor:1,1 KW Equipment: Top and bottom roller electrically driven Swing-out top roller Rear roller infeed with handwheel Conical bending device Asymmetrical roller arrangement Self-braking main motor Separate control panel safety line Values apply to St-37 / 240 N/mm² CE mark

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2026, tube diameter 10.0 - 60.0 mm Stahl wall strength 3.0 mm Stahl tube diameter 64.0 mm CU/Alu wall strength 4.0 mm revolutions per minute 1.25 - 2.50 U/min bar material - diameter 35.0 mm voltage 400 Volt Control ISITAN NC total power requirement 2.0 kW weight 140 kg range L-W-H 380 x 900 x 600 mm Exhibition machine - like new never been used (!!) Special price upon request - Steel tube capacity: 60.0 x 3.0 mm - Gas tube capacity: 2" Gas x 3.91 mm - Square profile capacity (FE 42) 60 x 30 x 4.0 mm - Max. bending radius: 200 mm - Minimum radius: 2 x D - Hexagonal tool holder - Min. outer diameter: 5 mm - 1/8" Gas Equipment: - ISITAN NC digital control unit * Control panel = touchscreen * 20 sets with 200 programs each Bwedpfx Abjxabu Ho Dot - Patented quick tool change system - Continuously adjustable bending speed - One bending speed - 1 free-floating foot switch - 1 bending tool set included * Additional segments available upon request for an additional charge * ERCOLINA tool holder

Condition: used, angle steel/side length / mm double T-iron on the x-axis / mm U-iron on the x-axis / mm BPR Brescia – Model C-602-HE, hydraulic 3-roll profile and pipe bending machine Technical Data BPR C-602-HE Specifications Manufacturer BPR – Brescia, Italy Bodpfx Abjzu A U De Dewt Model C-602-HE Type Hydraulic 3-roll bending machine Operation Horizontal and vertical Number of rolls 3 Roll diameter 100 mm Shaft diameter 60 mm Shaft length 150 mm Max. roll spacing (center-to-center) 400 mm Motor power 2.2 kW Mains voltage 380 V Dimensions approx. 850 × 1,120 × 1,700 mm Weight approx. 1,100 kg Hydraulic feed Yes Rotation direction Clockwise/counter-clockwise Information subject to change / without guarantee

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2013, Sahinler HPK 200 Hydaulic section and pipe bending machine Mil and Shaft Diameter: 200mm Tool and Roll Diameter: 900mm Working Speed: 2-5 m/min Motor Power: 30 kW Bending capacity x15x4 273x5.6 / 10000 mm Diameter biggest roll 9"x6,3 / 4000 mm Diameter top roll 650 mm Diameter upper roll 650 mm Roll capacity section - 3 200x200x18 / 5000 Shaft diameter 200 mm Top roll x15 with prebending min.120x120 / 3000 mm Voltage 3x400 V Working speed 2-5 m/min Bsdpjw D Uqxofx Ab Dswt Power Power max. 30000 W Height 2300 mm Length 2400 mm Width 3400 mm Weight15000 kg

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), functionality: fully functional, Tube bending machine TUBEND TB 42 incl. 3 sets of tools -CE marking -Bending range 42x3mm -Hydraulic drive -Manually adjustable angle switch -Digital display -Adjustable stroke -Emergency stop function Bjdpfx Aboznu Sbe Djwt -Three sets of tools: 33.7 mm / 26.9 mm / 21.3 mm -Documentation -400 Volt connection Dimensions: L x W x H 1.1 x 0.7 x 1.5 meters / Weight approx. 500 kg Errors and omissions excepted.

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 10 h, Includes: Special iron turning tool ATRC 18 Special scroll bending tool ATAR 305 Spiral bending device ATSC Demonstration machine, no 10h worked! TECHNICAL DATA Shaft diameter mm. 30 Roller diameter mm. 128 Roller revolutions per minute rpm. 8.5 - 17 Drive motor Kw. 0.75 Main switch with release coil and built-in emergency (CP30 - CP30 R) - Reversing gear and double speed switch are mounted on a separate console (CP30 - CP30 R) - Foot switch Foot switch rotation control L/R with built-in emergency - (CP 30 PR) - Two-speed selector (CP 30 PR) - Mechanical regulation of the upper roller Mechanical regulation of the upper roller with position reading on display - Two traction rollers with ribbed surface Internal machine body made of steel - Steel shafts steel shafts, hardened and ground - Gear wheels made of special special steel with ground teeth - Rollers made of special steel with a hardness of 59/60 HRC - Outer cover in ABS - Working position horizontal (CP 30) Horizontal working position (CP 30) - Horizontal and vertical working position vertical (CP 30 R - CP 30 PR) Weight: CP 30 PR 240 kg. External dimensions mm: CP30 PR Base 680 x 800 - Height 825 ACCESSORIES Straightening rollers with two positions - Universal rollers ( standard ) - Operating key Operating key - Operating instructions Bwjdpfet Akxasx Ab Dot

Condition: used, Three-roll round, three-roll sheet metal bending machine, bending machine, sheet metal bending machine, 3-roll round bending machine, profile bending machine, three-roll sheet metal rolling machine -Spare part top roller -Drawing with the pictures -Max. Sheet width: 2060 mm Bwsdpfxscx T E Ro Ab Dst -Max. Sheet thickness: mm -Roller diameter: 141 mm -Bearing diameter: 75 mm -Transport dimensions: 2690/141/H141 mm -Weight: 290 kg

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2013, pipe diameter (max.): 30 mm, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, emergency stop, foot remote control, hardened rollers, HUVEMA MIP30 Profile bending machine, pipe bending machine 30mm ct2437 For sale in excellent condition HUVEMA MIP30 profile bending machine, pipe bending machine Manufacturer: HUVEMA MIP 30 Type: MIP 30 Year of manufacture: 2013 Rollers: 2 driven Upper roller up-down movement manually Max. shaft diameter: 30 mm Working speed: 4 m/min Bending capacity: - Flat steel: 50 x 10 mm Bjdpfx Abezq Sqtj Djwt - Square 35 mm - Closed section: 40x 40 mm - Pipe 48 x 3 mm Power: 400 V / 0.75 kW 50Hz Electric foot switch, with emergency stop Standard bending set Weight: approx. 200 kg Dimensions: W 650 x H 1350 x D:580 mm

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 972 h, machine/vehicle number: 0223, Offer 26174 Technical data: - Bending capacity - Pipe at 45 kg / mm² Ø 6 - 48 mm - Wall thickness up to 3.25 mm - Max. bending radius 180 mm - Bending speed 20 °/sec. - Drive 400 V / 2.4 kW - Space requirement approx. W 6200 x H 1200 x D 1000 mm - Weight approx. 1100 kg - Operating hours recorded 972 h - with - Digital bending angle display + fine adjustment of bending angle Bodpfszh Elxex Ab Dowt - with SIEMENS SIMATEC control panel with touch screen - Mandrel bending unit 4.5 m with hydraulic retraction - Saw unit - Deburring unit for internal and external deburring - Pipe positioning system - Bending tools without mandrels - 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, 28, 30 mm - Partially, possibly incomplete

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 313/5, Channel folding machine, folding machine, folding former, seam locking machine, folding former, sheet metal bending machine, profiling machine Bodpfx Abod Sikfj Dewt -Number: 14 pieces rolls -various: versions -Recording: Ø 28 mm -Price: complete -Weight: 22.5 kg

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 313/5, Channel folding machine, folding machine, folding former, seam closing machine, folding former, sheet metal bending machine, profiling machine Bwsdpfod R N Icex Ab Djt -Rolls: 20 -Distance rings: 14 -Executions: different -Take: Ø 28 mm -Price: complete -Weight: 21.4 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, CORMAK RBM 30HV Tube and Profile Bending Machine Bodpfx Abju Snlkj Dswt The CORMAK RBM 30HV tube and profile bending machine is a versatile three-roll, non-mandrel bending machine designed for professional bending of steel tubes, rectangular hollow sections, and solid bars. Its compact design, ability to operate in both vertical and horizontal positions, and precise upper roll adjustment make it an ideal solution for workshops, production facilities, and service companies where reliability, accuracy, and application flexibility are essential. Main Advantages of the Machine Non-mandrel bending system – enables bending without deformation of the cross-section, including applications requiring larger bending radii. Vertical and horizontal operation capability – provides flexibility in machine positioning depending on the workspace and production process. Precise upper roll adjustment with vernier scale – allows repeatable and controlled bending operations. Ground and hardened guide rolls – ensure accurate material guidance and long service life of working components. Hardened steel rolls – provide high wear resistance and maintain accuracy during long-term operation. Foot pedal control – enables convenient and ergonomic machine operation. Two-direction roll rotation – allows bending of complex shapes and closed arcs. Construction and Technology The CORMAK RBM 30HV is built on a rigid steel frame that provides resistance to deformation during bending operations. The 30 mm diameter rolls are made of hardened steel, ensuring durability even when working with demanding materials. The adjustable upper roll allows precise setting of the bending radius, while the 0.75 kW drive motor provides sufficient working force while maintaining compact machine dimensions. The machine can operate in both vertical and horizontal configurations, depending on the type of material being processed and available workspace. Precision and Work Efficiency Thanks to the three-roll bending system and precise pressure adjustment, the CORMAK RBM 30HV tube and profile bender provides high bending accuracy, even when processing thin-walled steel tubes and delicate closed profiles. The ability to rotate the rolls in both directions significantly simplifies the production of complex curves and spiral-shaped elements. The rotation speed of 9 rpm ensures an optimal working pace while maintaining full control over the bending process. Applications The CORMAK RBM 30HV is designed for light and medium-duty production and service applications. It is particularly suitable for: metalworking and fabrication workshops, light steel structure manufacturing, tube and profile fabrication in the furniture and fencing industries, production of decorative and functional shaped components. Standard Equipment Side guide rolls Foot pedal control system Technical documentation (DTR) in Polish CE Declaration of Conformity Technical Specifications Parameter Value Round tube capacity 30 × 1 mm Rectangular profile capacity 30 × 30 × 1 mm Round bar capacity 16 mm Solid rectangular bar capacity 30 × 10 mm Roll diameter 30 mm Roll speed 9 rpm Motor power 0.75 kW Power supply 3-phase, 400 V Dimensions (L × W × H) 1200 × 750 × 1210 mm Weight 252 kg Manufacturer: CORMAK