Used Horizontal Cnc for sale (13,742)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: X4S405, turning diameter over cross slide: 370 mm, turning length: 2,000 mm, turning diameter: 554 mm, spindle bore: 104 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 1 rpm, travel distance Z-axis: 2,000 mm, rotational speed (min.): 1 rpm, rotational speed (max.): 2,000 rpm, total height: 1,750 mm, total length: 4,100 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 3,600 kg, Harrison Alpha 1550 XS CNC / Manual Lathe Iodpfx Abezux S Espoif Model: Alpha 1550 XS Year: 2017 Control: Fanuc Oi-TF Swing Over Bed: 554mm Swing Over Cross Slide: 370mm Swing In Gap: 830mm Distance Between Centres: 2000mm Spindle Bore: 104mm Spindle Speeds: 1-2000 RPM Machine with: 3 Jaw Chuck Quick Change Toolpost with Holders Fixed Steady Dimensions: 4100 x 2000 x 1750mm Weight: 3600Kgs

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, turning diameter over cross slide: 272 mm, turning length: 1,250 mm, turning diameter: 470 mm, spindle bore: 80 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 50 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 1,250 mm, rotational speed (min.): 50 rpm, rotational speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, total height: 1,850 mm, total length: 2,700 mm, total width: 1,350 mm, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 2,300 kg, XYZ Proturn CNC/Manual Lathe Model: Proturn 410 Control: Proto Trak LX2 Iedpfxezux Iyo Abpsif Swing Over Bed: 470mm Swing In Gap: 730mm Swing Over Cros Slide: 272mm Distance Between Centres: 1250mm Spindle Speeds: 50-2500 RPM Spindle Bore: 80mm Machine With: 300mm 3 Jaw Chuck Quick Change Toolpost with Holders Dimensions: 2700 x 1350 x 1850mm high Weight: 2300 Kgs

Condition: used, Webster Bennett 48 Inch Elevating Rail CNC Vertical Borer. Serial Number 6644-1 Chuck manual 48 inch, supplied with jaws Isdpfx Asymc Ipebpjif Hydraulic turret Fanuc 18i -T Control. Swarf conveyor Air conditioning Unit on Electrical Panel. 1250mm (approx. ) under tool to table.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, operating hours: 7,360 h, Doosan Lynx 220B CNC Slant Bed Lathe With Doosan-Fanuc I Series Control Iiodpfx Abszt R U Nspof With Ø135mm Collet Chuck. Maximum Swing Ø510mm. Maximum Swing Over Cross Slide Ø290mm. Maximum Turning Ø320mm. Maximum Turning Length 305mm. Bar Capacity Ø51mm. Axis Travel 'X'=175mm, 'Z'=330mm. Rapid Feedrates 'X'=30m/min, 'Z'=36m/min. Spindle Nose A2-6. Maximum Spindle Speed 5,000rpm (15kW Motor). Spindle Nose A2-6. Spindle Through Bore Ø61mm. 12 Station Turret. Tailstock Quill Ø80mm, Quill Travel 80mm, Taper MT4. Tool Shank 25 x 25mm. Boring Bar Sleeve Ø40mm. S/No. ML0014-005414 (2012). Low Running Hours 7,360. With Coolant System, Tool Setter, Parts Catcher, Seoam CAH-08 3 Jaw Power Chuck, Tailstock, Foot Switch, Quantity Of Assorted Hard/Soft Jaws & Manuals. Approx Dimensions L2,325 x W1,600 x H1,600mm. Weight 2,900kg.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 2,728 h, Doosan Puma GT2100 CNC Slant Bed Lathe With Doosan-Fanuc I Series Control With Samchully MH-208 V1 Ø203mm 3 Jaw Power Chuck. Maximum Swing Ø600mm. Maximum Swing Over Cross Slide Ø390mm. Maximum Turning Ø390mm. Maximum Turning Length 562mm. Bar Capacity Ø65mm. Axis Travel 'X'=230mm, 'Z'=580mm. Rapid Feedrates 'X'=24m/min, 'Z'=30m/min. Spindle Nose A2-6. Maximum Spindle Speed 4,500rpm (18.5kW Motor). 12 Station Turret. Programmable Tailstock Travel 580mm, Tailstock Quill Ø80mm, Quill Travel 80mm, Taper MT4. Tool Shank 25 x 25mm. S/No. ML0228-001618 (2017). Note: Low Running Hours 2,728. Iijdjzt R Ucspfx Abpjf With Coolant System, Tool Setter, Parts Catcher, Ø165mm Collet Unit, Foot Switch, Quantity Of Assorted Hard/Soft Jaws & Manuals. Approx Dimensions L2,940 x W1,632 x H1,700mm. Weight 3,500kg.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, Bridgeport VMC 800/22 CNC Vertical Machining Centre With Heidenhein TNC 426 Control Table Dimension 1,000 x 490mm (5 'T' Slots). Maximum Table Load 750kg. Axis Travel 'X'=800mm, 'Y'=510mm, 'Z'=500mm. Maximum Spindle Speed 6,000rpm (11kW Motor). Spindle Taper BT40. 22 Position ATC. S/No. 720971 (1997). Iedpfxszt N Rpe Abpeif With Coolant System, Spindle Probe Interface, 2 Heavy Duty Machine Vices (Jaw Width 200mm) & Quantity Of Toolholders. Weight 3,600kg.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 1,750 mm, spindle bore: 104 mm, spindle speed (max.): 1,800 rpm, type of input current: three-phase, Model:Prototurn 555 Swing Over Bed:560mm Distance Between Centres:1750mm Control: Prototrak SLX Spindle Speeds: To 1800 RPM Spindle Bore:104mm With: 300mm 3 Jaw Chuck Fixed Roller Steady Iodpfjzrnkrjx Abpeif Quick Change Toolpost Toolpost Holders Dimensions: 3940 x 2250 x 1910mm high Weight: 4100 Kgs

Condition: used, Model: SH75 Serial No: 7076 Capacities: Rotary Table Size: 1000 x 1000mm Maximum Table Load: 2000kg Vertical Traverse: 1000mm Cross Traverse: 1245mm Longitudinal Traverse: 1000mm Spindle Diameter: 75mm Spindle Traverse: 508mm Spindle Speeds: 5.6- 1120 rpm Spindle Taper: 40 int Facing Head Diameter: 508mm Facing Slide Traverse: 180mm Facing Head Speeds: 5.6 – 280rpm Feeds, X, Y & Z: 0.75 – 2500mm/min Feeds, Spindle & Face: 0.25 – 830mm Screw Cutting to Table: 2 – 10mm Pitch, 4 – 16 TPI Motor: 7.5kw Ijdezrm T Eepfx Abpeif Electrics: 415v, 3ph, 50 Cycles Complete with: Screw Cutting, 3 Axis DRO, Steel Telescopic Guards, Operator Safety Guard, Pendent Control, Power Draw Bar, Safety Brake, Facing Head Lock, Spindle Support Bearing, Facing Slide Tool Holder Selection of Spindle Tool Holders, Lovo Light Approximate Dimensions: 4200 x 2940 x 2950mm Approximate Weight: 10,500kg

Condition: used, MODEL: SF100 SERIAL No: 6889 Capacities: Spindle Dia: 100mm Spindle Speeds: 22 – 1120rpm Spindle Taper: 50 Int Spindle Traverse: 750mm Heavy Duty Milling Quill Dia: 225mm Iodpfx Aozrm Rwjbpsif Facing Head Diameter: 810mm Facing Slide Traverse: 190mm Facing Head Speeds: 2.2 – 224rpm Rotary Table Size: 1200 x 1200mm Longitudinal Traverse: 1350mm Cross Traverse: 1200mm Vertical Traverse: 1186mm Feed Rates: (3 Ranges): 1.3 – 3820mm/min Spindle Motor: 18.5kw Electrics: 415v, 3ph, 50 Cycles Complete with: Newall DP700 3 Axis DRO Steel Telescopic Guards to Long & Cross Traverse Facing Slide Tool Holder Manual Rotary Table

Condition: used, MHP MT 80 CNC Heavy Duty Lathe Fanuc OTA CNC Control Swing over the bed 600mm Diameter Swing over the cross slide 400mm Diameter Z-Axis 1200mm X- Axis 300mm Chuck to Tail Stock (Effective) 1200mm Turning Diameter Between centres (Max) 500mm Chuck Max Component Weight 385kg Isdpfxjzu Nihj Abpsif Spindle Nose A2-8 Spindle Speed Programmable 25-350mm 3 Jaw Chuck Size 35mm HP 40 Tail Stock Quill Diameter 100mm Quill Taper MT5 Bore Through Spindle 90mm Bar Capacity 80mm Duplicate 12 Station Turret Swarf Conveyor Weight: 8500kg

Condition: excellent (used), ROMI GL 240 2 Axis CNC Lathe Swing over Z axis cover mm 420 Maximum cutting diameter mm 300 Maximum cutting length mm 400 Travel (X axis) mm 188 Travel (Z axis) mm 400 Spindle nose ASA A2-5" Spindle hole diameter mm 58 Bar capacity (dia.) mm 51 Speed range rpm 6 to 6000 Rapid traverse (X & Z axis) m/min 30 Iodpfxezu Ngge Abpeif Number of stations atc 12 AC spindle motor hp/kW 20/15

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, Turning diameter 376mm, turning length 760mm, bar capacity 76mm, Y axis -/+ 52.5mm, C axis 0.001 degrees on both spindles, Iiodpozt Spnjfx Abpjf 24 station turret, 22KW Motor, Main spindle 4000rpm, sub-spindle 4500rpm, Fanuc I series, 3 jaw chucks, swarf conveyor, tool setter, LNS barfeed unit.

Condition: excellent (used), DOOSAN PUMA 3100 XLY CNC LATHE ONLY 2163 RUN TIME HOURS !!!!! Iedpfx Abezumadopeif UPGRADED FANUC I CONTROL 305 MM HYD CHUCK 420 MM TURNING DIA 2125 MM TURNING LENGTH MAX SWING 850 MM MAX SWING OVER CROSS SLIDE 670 MM X TRAVEL 293 / Y TRAVEL 130 MM / Z TRAVEL 2190 MM FULL C AXIS AND Y AXIS HYD STEADY - SMW SLU-X-4-MS ( CAPACITY 30 - 245 ) MAX SPINDLE SPEED 2800 TOOL PROBING DRIVEN TOOLS - 2+2 + STATIC HOLDERS SPINDLE POWER 35 HP YEAR 2012 THIS MACHINE HAS BEEN ONE OWNER ONE OPERATOR SINCE NEW - NEVER REQUIRED A REALIGNMENT - IMPECCIBLE CONDITION THROUGHOUT LOCATION NORTHERN IRELAND LOADING - FREE TRANSPORT CAN BE PRICED - PLEASE GIVE FULL ADDRESS

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 15,000 h, functionality: fully functional, Equipment: documentation/manual, 2021 Star SR32 JII Type A (15,000 hours) 4m FMB Turbo 3-36, Hydrajet UB20 High Pressure Coolant, LNS Swarf Conveyor, FireTrace Suppression, JBS Guide Bush System, Fully inspected & serviced, 30 Day Warranty # Star SR-32JII CNC Sliding Head Lathe Machine Hours: Approx. 15,000 hours Maximum Machining Diameter: Ø32 mm standard / Ø34 mm optional CNC Control: Fanuc 32i-B ## Machine Configuration * Twin-spindle CNC sliding head lathe * Main spindle and sub-spindle * Main and sub-spindle full C-axis control * Gang-type tooling system * Cross-working driven tooling * Back-working tooling * X1, Y1, Z1, C1, X2, Z2 and C2 controlled axes * Type B configuration additionally incorporates Y2 control on the back-working unit ## Main Spindle * Maximum spindle speed: 8,000 rpm * Spindle motor: 7.5 kW continuous / 11 kW short-time rating * Maximum headstock stroke: 320 mm * Full C-axis contouring capability ## Sub-Spindle * Maximum spindle speed: 8,000 rpm * Spindle motor: 3.7 kW continuous / 5.5 kW short-time rating * Full C-axis contouring capability * Maximum chucking diameter: Ø32 mm / Ø34 mm optional ## Main Tooling Ijdpfx Ajzuxfrjbpeif * 6 × turning tool positions * Tool size: 16 mm square * 5-spindle sleeve holder * Maximum drilling capacity: Ø13 mm * Maximum tapping capacity: M12 × P1.75 ## Cross-Working / Driven Tooling Configuration options include: * 3 × ER20 cross-milling positions + 2 cartridge-type positions * Or 6 × ER16 cross-milling positions * Maximum milling capacity: Ø10 mm * Maximum driven tapping capacity: M8 × P1.25 * Cross-milling spindle speed: 6,000 rpm * Cartridge-type driven tooling speed: up to 8,000 rpm * Driven-tool motor: 2.2 kW continuous / 3.0 kW short-time rating ## Back-Working * Maximum chucking diameter: Ø32 mm / Ø34 mm optional * Maximum front ejection length: 125 mm * Maximum projecting component length: 45 mm * Back-working tool positions: * 6 positions – Type A * 8 positions – Type B * Stationary drilling capacity: Ø13 mm * Driven drilling capacity: Ø8 mm * Stationary tapping capacity: M10 × P1.5 * Driven tapping capacity: M6 × P1.0 * Maximum back-working driven-tool speed: 6,000 rpm ## Rapid Traverse * X1 / X2 / Y1 / Z1 / Z2: 35 m/min * Y2: 24 m/min on applicable Type B machines ## Ancillary Equipment Included * 4 metre FMB Turbo 3-36 Magazine Bar Feeder * Hydrajet UB20 High-Pressure Coolant System * LNS Swarf Conveyor * FireTrace Automatic Fire Suppression System * JBS Guide Bush System ## Machine Condition & Support * Approx. 15,000 operating hours * Fully inspected and serviced * Supplied ready for production * 30 Day Warranty * Warranty valid within the UK only ## General Specification * Coolant tank capacity: 255 litres * Approximate machine dimensions: 2,690 × 1,345 × 1,780 mm * Approximate machine weight: 4,100 kg * Power requirement: 8.8 kVA * Maximum sound pressure level: 77 dB

Condition: excellent (used), XYZ SMX 3500 3 Axis CNC Bed Milling Machine ProtoTRAK SMX Control Spindle: 5HP – Programmable 40 – 5000rpm 2 Ranges 40 – 600 & 300 – 5000rpm ISO40 Quill Dia 105mm Year of Manufacture 2008 Table: 1370 x 355mm 4 0ff T Slots T Slot size 15.9mm Iiodozuxn Tjpfx Abpjf Max load 600kgs Travel: X – 787mm Y – 508mm Head Vertical (Z) – 500mm Quill (Z) 127mm Dims without travel – 1905 x 2069 x 2225mm Dim with travel – 2758 x 2869 x 2490mm Weight 2430Kgs Power Requirements 22A Air Requirements 6bar For sale with Jet Machinery Ltd Jet Machinery Stock No: #79245 Machine Serial Number: 10731 Cost: £17,950.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: excellent (used), XYZ Proturn SLX 355 ProtoTRAK CNC Gap Bed Centre Lathe ProtoTRAK SLX Control (2011) Max’ Distance Between Centres 1000mm Max’ Swing over Cross-slide 225mm Max Swing over Bed 360mm Spindle Bore 52mm Spindle Speeds 50 – 4000 rev/min Spindle Motor 5.75Kw Quick Change Tool Post Tailstock MT4 Tailstock Dia’ 75mm Tailstock Travel 160m Manufactured | 2011 Supplied with: 3 Jaw Chuck Interlocking Chuck & Main Guards Machine Manuals 3 Toolholders (More available if required). TRAKing Constant Surface Speed Coolant Worklight Auto Lubrication For Sale with Jet Machinery Ltd Jet Machinery Stock No: #79003 Machine Serial Number: SL281 Cost: £22,500.00 + VAT Iiedpjzuxnaofx Abpef Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2011, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: PUMA 480, DOOSAN PUMA 480 CNC LATHE 900 MM SWING 650 MAX TURNING 1000 MAX LENGTH TOOL SETTER Iijdpfoztpy Dex Abpef 600 MM HYD CHUCK BORE 181 MM - TO CONFIRM YEAR 2011 TAILSTOCK COOLANT SWARF CONVEYOR

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1998, Mori Seiki SH630 Horizontal Machining Centre Year 1998 Spindle speed - 10,000rpm CNC Control - Fanuc drives / Mori Seiki MSC control Iiedpfxjzp Rfto Abpsf 4 Axis Table Length 630mm Table Load 1000kg Table Width 630mm Y axis travel - 760mm Z axis travel - 840mm X axis travel - 840mm Tool magazine with capacity for 60 tools 2 Tombstones Comes with Metal standing frame

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2019, 256mm maximum cutting diameter, 455mm max turned length, 4,000rpm spindle speed, 51mm bar capacity, 12 station VDI turret, milling speed 5,000rpm, 16kW spindle motor, Hurco WinMax 5 Control, tailstock, tool setter, swarf conveyor, parts catcher, Barfeed unit. Iodpszrfnujfx Abpoif

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2006, operating hours: 32,615 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: R7S017, spindle bore: 65 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, type of input current: three-phase, Colchester Tornado T8MSY CNC Turning Centre TOTAL PRICE: £15,000 +VAT Iedpfxszr Ngno Abpoif Manufacturer: Colchester / 600 Lathes Model: Tornado T8MSY Year of Manufacture: 2006 Control: FANUC CNC Control 18i-TB Serial No: R7S017 Location: Dynomec, Castleford, West Yorkshire Max Bar Capacity: 65mm Diameter Machine Overview & Specification • Configuration: CNC Turning Centre with Driven/Live Tooling, Sub-Spindle, and Y-Axis • Max Spindle Speed: 5,000 RPM • Electrical Requirements: 415V / 3 Phase / 50 Hz / 53 Amps • Power On Hours: ~32,615 Hours (see control screen image for exact breakdown) • Cutting Hours: ~7,781 Hours (see control screen image for exact breakdown) • Total Parts Count: 307,051 (as shown on control screen) NOTE ON MACHINE HOURS & PARTS COUNT: The screen readings pictured were taken prior to listing. The machine was operated for a couple of days after the photos were taken, so the current power-on hours, cutting hours, and total parts count will be slightly higher than shown. Included Package • Bar Feeder: Tornado MBF1000T 1-Metre Short Magazine Bar Feeder • Tool Holders: Comprehensive assortment of static and live VDI tool holders (as shown in photos) • Collets: Assortment of collets included • Jaws: Assortment of chuck jaws included IMPORTANT NOTE ON TOOLING: Sale includes the tool holders only. Any cutting inserts, drills, end mills, or boring bars pictured fitted inside the tool holders are shown for demonstration and are excluded from the sale. Payment, Collection & Transport Terms • Cleared Funds: Machine will not be released, loaded, or dismantled until full payment has cleared into our account. • Transport & Rigging: The buyer is fully responsible for all machine rigging, lifting equipment, transport, and loading logistics. • Collection Timeframe: The machine must be collected and removed from site within 14 days (2 weeks) of purchase. Additional Terms & Viewings • Pricing & VAT: Price includes VAT. A full VAT invoice will be provided. • Returns Policy: Returns are not accepted. Sold as seen. • Viewings: Viewing under power on site at Dynomec Ltd, West Yorkshire, is heavily recommended prior to committing to purchase so buyers can fully inspect and satisfy themselves with the machine's condition. Viewings are strictly by prior appointment. • Warranty: Sold with no implied or given warranty. • Availability: This item is listed elsewhere; we reserve the right to remove this listing at any time. Contact: For any further information, please contact us directly. A VAT Invoice is able to be supplied with the machine

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, feed length X-axis: 500 mm, feed length Y-axis: 400 mm, feed length Z-axis: 400 mm, travel distance X-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, quill stroke: 60 mm, spindle speed (max.): 400 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 1 rpm, spindle mount: MK 4, table length: 700 mm, table width: 425 mm, total height: 2,000 mm, total length: 2,000 mm, total width: 2,000 mm, rotational speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, overall weight: 2,000 kg, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, X-axis: 500 mm Y-axis: 400 mm Z-axis: 400 mm Table size: 700 x 425 mm Spindle nose: SK 40 Iijdpfxeyac Hlo Abpof Spindle speeds: 1 - 4000 rpm Spindle stroke: 60 mm Featured with: - ISO toolholders - Cooling unit - User Manuals Country of origin: Germany Motor power: 5 kW Machine LxWxH: 200 x 200 x 200 cm Machine weight: 2000 kg

Condition: good (used), Machining diameter max: 36 mm Maximum spindle speed: 6300 rpm No. of Spindles: 2 Controller: Traub TX8i Toolchanger 1: No. of tools: 12 positions X-axis travel: 50 mm Z-axis travel: 50 mm Toolchanger fronside: No. of tools: 7 positions Speeds: 150 - 3000 Rpm 300 - 6000 Rpm Max. diameter: 40 mm X-axis travel: 370 mm Z-axis travel: 250 mm Toolchanger backside: No. of tools: 5 Speeds: 150 - 3000 Rpm 300 - 6000 Rpm Iedpfx Ajtrvzxsbpoif Max. diameter: 40 mm X-axis travel: 73 mm Barfeeder: FMB Turbo 5-42 Barlength: 3200 mm Bardiameter: 5 - 42 mm Country of origin: Germany Machine LxWxH: 3400 x 1300 x 1700 mm Machine weight: 4000 kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, travel distance X-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 530 mm, spindle speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, table width: 406 mm, table length: 1,372 mm, rotational speed (max.): 8,000 rpm, overall weight: 3,100 kg, space requirement width: 2,280 mm, space requirement length: 2,900 mm, space requirement height: 2,550 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, X-axis: 1.000 mm Y-axis: 500 mm Z-axis: 530 mm Table size: 406 x 1.372 mm Spindle nose: BT 40 Spindle speeds: 1 - 8.000 rpm Controller: Fagor Featured with: - Cooling unit - User Manuals Iisdpfx Abovpl I Tjpof Country of origin: Taiwan Motor power: 10 HP Machine LxWxH: 2.900 x 2.280 x 2.550 mm Machine weight: 3.100 kg

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 005583, X axis working area: 3680 mm Y axis working area: 2040 mm Working Table: Flat table Main Electrospindle power: 13 KW Number of controlled axes: 3 axes Total number of drilling spindles: 11 Total number of tool changer positions: 12 Iedpfxetwgirs Abpjif

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 006279, X axis working area: 3100 mm Y axis working area: 1250 mm Working Table: Flat table Number of controlled axes: 3 axes Total number of drilling spindles: 11 Isdpokw H Ekjfx Abpoif Total number of tool changer positions: 8