Used Kern for sale (28)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, The machine is disassembled and stored in a warehouse. Photos of the modules are available upon request. Please submit reasonable offers. We have a Kern 2600 machine for sale; below is information about the envelope machine offered for sale: Equipped with Mail Factory KVS Inserting and Sealing Module K990 Cutter – NOT INCLUDED DE Direct Entry Module x 1 unit LM Spacer Module x 1 unit FSH Folding Module x 1 unit BFGD Module x 2 units Transport Module x 1 unit Output Bin x 4 units VRO with conveyor Additionally included are modules from another machine: EFQR Single Sheet Feeder right x 1 unit (One motor mounting plate is missing; the rest is 100% complete) Tedpfx Ajy Eym Uobujd SIGR Continuous Forms Cutter right with K2600 Options Station x 1 unit BFGD Module (only for parts, incomplete, without covers) x 1 unit LM Spacer Module (functional, fully complete) x 1 unit VRO with conveyor (functional, fully complete) x 1 unit

Condition: good (used), For sale is a well-maintained KERN CD 402 lathe manufactured in 2001. The machine comes from a training workshop and is in perfect, fully functional condition. Due to its origin, the machine was used for training purposes and is in very good overall condition. The KERN CD 402 is equipped with a HEIDENHAIN MANUALplus 4110 V6.2 control system and a high-quality MULTIFIX B quick-change tool holder system. The machine is ideal for training workshops, tool and machine construction, and industrial manufacturing operations. Technical data: Manufacturer: KERN Model: CD 402 Machine type: Lathe Year of manufacture: 2001 Control system: HEIDENHAIN MANUALplus 4110 V6.2 Tool holder system: MULTIFIX B quick-change holder Distance between centers: approx. 1,000 mm Tedpfx Ao Ahiudebued Distance between centers: approx. 200 mm Swinging diameter over bed: approx. 400 mm Swinging diameter over cross slide: approx. 230 mm Maximum turning length: approx. 800–830 mm Spindle bore: approx. 64 mm Spindle speed: approx. 1–3,000 rpm Power supply: 400 V Power frequency: 50 Hz Rated current: 38 A Control voltage: 24 V CE marking: present Dimensions and weight: Machine weight: approx. 2,900 kg Footprint: approx. 2,650 × 1,500 mm Machine height: approx. 1,800 mm Equipment and accessories: HEIDENHAIN MANUALplus 4110 V6.2 MULTIFIX B quick-change tool holder system Various tool holders Steady rests Manual operation via handwheels Clear control panel Closed machine enclosure Documentation

Condition: good (used), For sale is a KERN CD 320 lathe manufactured in the year 2000. The machine comes from a training workshop and is in perfect, fully functional condition. Due to its origin, the machine was used for training purposes and maintained accordingly. The KERN CD 320 is equipped with a high-quality HEIDENHAIN MANUALplus 4110 V6.2 control system and a MULTIFIX B quick-change tool holder system. The machine features a clear control panel and handwheels for manual operation. It is ideally suited for training workshops, tool and machine construction, and industrial manufacturing operations. Technical data Manufacturer: KERN / DMT-Drehtechnik GmbH Model: CD 320 Machine type: Cycle-controlled lathe Year of manufacture: 2000 Machine number: 22714-00 Control: HEIDENHAIN MANUALplus 4110 V6.2 Tool holder system: MULTIFIX B quick-change holder Distance between centers: approx. 750 mm Distance between centers (vertical): approx. 160 mm Swinging diameter over bed: approx. 320 mm Swinging diameter over cross slide: approx. 150 mm Maximum turning length: approx. 675 mm Spindle bore: approx. 50 mm Spindle speed: approx. 1–4,000 rpm Power connection: 400 V Power frequency: 50 Hz CE marking: present Dimensions and weight Machine weight: approx. 1,800 kg Footprint: approx. 2,100 × 1,350 mm Machine height: approx. 1,800 mm Equipment and accessories HEIDENHAIN MANUALplus 4110 V6.2 MULTIFIX B quick-change tool holder system Various tool holders Steady rests Associated technical documentation and machine documents Manual operation via handwheels Clear control panel Enclosed machine housing Tjdpfxe Ahivfs Abued The extensive accessories, including tool holders, steady rests, and associated technical documentation, are included in the offer. Condition The machine comes from a training workshop and is in perfect, fully functional condition. It was used for training purposes and is ready for immediate use.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 1,200 h, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 2,000 mm, turning diameter: 1,100 mm, power: 46 kW (62.54 HP), distance between centers: 2,000 mm, load hours: 1,200 h, Equipment: rotational speed infinitely variable, A DMT CD1100 lathe with Heidenhain control and only 1,200 operating hours is available. The working area offers a swing diameter of approx. 1,100 mm over the bed and approx. 800 mm over the cross-slide. The tool holder is a Multifix D1. The distance between centers is 2,000 mm. The main spindle drive is a motor with 46 kW output at 60% duty cycle and two gearbox stages. Tailstock: - Quill diameter: 125 mm - Taper: 6 Morse taper Delivery: Collection by the buyer Payment: 100% via bank transfer immediately upon invoicing, prior to collection Tjdsxlza Hspfx Abujd All information is non-binding. Subject to prior sale. The machine is sold without any guarantee or warranty claims and remains our property until full payment is received.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 3,550 h, laser power: 500 W, table length: 3,048 mm, table width: 1,524 mm, travel distance X-axis: 1,524 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 3,048 mm, overall weight: 2,495 kg, total width: 2,083 mm, total height: 1,346 mm, product length (max.): 3,988 mm, table load: 1,000 kg, number of axes: 3, CO₂ laser cutting machine manufactured in 2022. This KERN KER60120-KT500 OPF features a working area of 1524 × 3048 mm and a maximum workpiece height of 50 mm. It includes a powerful 500 W CO₂ laser and offers various work tables for different materials. If you are looking to get high-quality cutting capabilities, consider the KERN KER60120-KT500 OPF machine we have for sale. Contact us for further details regarding this machine. Machine – JustLaser 15.30L-C500-MC • Machine Type: CO₂ Laser Cutting and Engraving System • Configuration: Open Flatbed Gantry Laser System • Maximum Workpiece Height: 50 mm • Maximum Engraving Speed: 3.8 m/s • Maximum Engraving Speed (Metal Cutting Option): 3.2 m/s • Maximum Engraving Speed (Z12 Option): 1.5 m/s • Maximum Cutting Speed: 0.5 m/s • Motors: Brushless DC Servo Motors • Encoder System: Incremental Measurement System • Optics: Air-purged telescope, lenses and mirrors • Standard Lens: 2.5" • Optional Lens: 5.0" • Software: KCAM Laser Software • Interface: G-Code, HPGL, AD-Logic System • Control Board: KLCM Controlboard • Operator Controls: Key Switch, Emergency Stop, Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor and PC Included Todpfx Abozbub Dsuod • Electrical Supply: 3 × 400 V (3L + N + PE), 50/60 Hz • Table Exhaust Requirement: 3000 m³/h • Axis Exhaust Requirement: 1500 m³/h • Maximum Air Pressure: 10 bar • Maximum Inlet Pressure: 12 bar • Maximum Air Flow: 240 l/min • Connection Size: 6 mm • Noise Level: 55 dB • Certification: CE • Operating Temperature: +15 °C to +25 °C • Humidity: 40–70 % Non-Condensing • Environment: Dust-Free • Active Laser Protection Shield • Pressure Sensors • Light Curtain • Interlock Safety System • Metal Cutting Option Included • Capacitive Height Follower • Metal Cutting Table • Copper Nozzle • 2.5" Lens Set • k-vision Print & Cut Camera System • JustAIR High Performance Turbines (2 × 1500 m³/h) Laser Source – Kern Laser Systems • Model: KER50120-4K500 OPP • Laser Type: Sealed-off CO₂ Laser • Laser Power: 500 W (0.5 kW) • Laser Wavelength: 10.6 µm • Supply Voltage: 380–415 VAC • Phase: 3 Phase (4 Wire + Ground) • Frequency: 50/60 Hz • Maximum Fuse Size: 40 A • Full Load Current: 32.3 A • Disconnect Rating: 40 A • Short Circuit Current Rating: 5000 A • Interrupt Capacity: 35000 A • Largest Amp Load: 16 A • Laser Class: Class 4 • Country of Manufacture: USA Chiller – SMC HRS090-AF-40 • Cooling Type: Water Cooling • Cooling Capacity: 5 kW • Refrigerant: R410A • Refrigerant Charge: 1.5 kg • Weight: 136 kg • Power Supply: 3~ 380–415 V, 50/60 Hz

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2006, Turning diameter: 650 mm Turning length: 1,500 mm Total power requirement: 33 kW Center distance: 1,500 mm Swing diameter over bed: 650 mm Swing diameter in recess: 670 Turning diameter: 650 mm Turning length: 1,500 mm Total power requirement: 33 kW Center distance: 1,500 mm Swing diameter over bed: 650 mm Swing diameter in recess: 670 mm Swing diameter over face slide: 260 mm Face slide travel: 380 mm Main drive Drive power AC motor - 40/60/100% duty cycle: 33/27/22 kW Spindle box Spindle bore diameter: 106 mm Spindle diameter in front bearing: 140 mm Speed range (V constant): 1 - 2,000 rpm Cross slide Todpfo Ad Izljx Abuod Feed range, face: 0.001 - 1,000 mm/rev Feed range, face, optional up to: 5,000 mm/rev Feed range, longitudinal and thread pitch: 0.001 - 2,000 mm/rev Feed range longitudinal and thread pitch, optional up to: 13,000 mm/rev Feed force flat: 9,000 N Feed force longitudinal: 12,000 N Automatic tool turret Number of tool stations: 12 With tool drive for 6 stations Tool holder system (DIN69880) VDI40 Equipment SIMENS SINUMERIK 840D sl (Shop Turn with manual functions) COMBI control station C-axis with drilling, milling, and engraving cycles Residual material detection and machining – during roughing and contour pockets MULTIFIX C forne setup Three-jaw chuck SMW AUTOBLOK: HI-GRIP HGF260-81-3 Oil emulsion mist filter for work area extraction: MAHLE LTA600

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, A KERN 5-axis CNC machining center with EROWA Robot Compact is offered. Travel X/Y/Z: 500mm/500mm/400mm, simultaneous 5-axis machining, hydrostatic guideways in the X and Y axes, swivel range: -10° to +110°, feed rate X/Y/Z: 30m/min, max. acceleration: 10m/s², max. spindle speed: 40000rpm, spindle power: 37kW, max. torque: 12000rpm, tool taper: HSK-E40, tool magazine: 50, tool change time: approx. 3s, control: Heidenhain iTNC 530 , laser tool measurement, workpiece touch probe, EROWA PowerChuck P, EROWA Robot Compact year of manufacture 2013 with 70 magazine positions, including 55 positions ITS 72 and 15 positions ITS 148, max. transfer weight pallet incl. workpiece: 30kg, automatic loading and unloading of the magazine also possible during machining, machining medium: oil, belt filter system and max. high-pressure supply 80bar, oil mist extraction system and fire extinguishing system available, machine power-on hours: approx. 86589h, spindle operating hours: approx. 66997h. The machine is available from November 2026. Documentation available. Inspection possible by arrangement. Tjdozu Szmspfx Abuod

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! Loading: December 1st to December 10th. TECHNICAL DETAILS TURNING CAPACITY Turning length: approx. 1,000 mm Center height above bed: 200 mm Turning diameter above bed: 400 mm Center height above tailstock: 120 mm Turning diameter above tailstock: 240 mm SPINDLE Spindle bore: approx. 38 mm MACHINE DETAILS MACHINE DATA Machine type: Lead and feed screw lathe Manufacturer: Kern DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT Length: 2,300 mm Width: 1,000 mm Height: 1,600 mm Weight: 1,000 kg EQUIPMENT Todo Ad Ha Tspfx Abuod Tailstock Steady rest

Condition: used, Swing diameter over bed: 560mm, swing diameter over cross slide: 320mm, spindle speed: 900rpm, machine has surface rust, not operational, an on-site inspection is possible, not connected to power. Tjdpfxo Aaln Is Abusd

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, greates pass round over bed 650 mm Swing dia. over traverse guideway 420 mm Distance between centres 2.000 mm control Sinumerik Siemens slide travel X-axis 440 mm slide travel Z-axis 2.000 mm turning speed range - main spindle 1 - 3.000 min/-1 power capacity - main spindel 33 / 27 / 22 kW transmission ratio 2 spindle diameter in front bearing 140 mm spindle bore 106 mm standard chuck diameter 250 - 400 mm Todezp Rvlepfx Abusd spindle head DIN 55026 / A8 turret head 12 pos. turning tool - shaft cross cut 32 x 32 mm rapid traverse X: 5 m/min rapid traverse Z: 10 m/min feed range X: 0,001 - 1.000 mm/min feed range Z: 0,001 - 2.000 mm/min power feed coss 9.000 N power feed longitudinal 12.000 N diameter of quill 100 mm quill travel 200 mm taper of center MK 6 total power requirement 38 kW weight of the machine ca. 6,0 t dimensions of the machine ca. 6,0 x 2,5 x 2,0 m CNC - Lathe DMT KERN - CD 650 / 2000 - only 3,446 operating hours - incl. boring bar with holder for cross slide - incl. face plate 600 mm - incl. traveling steady rest max. 160 mm - incl. fixed steady rest max. 160 mm - incl. fixed steady rest max. 250 mm (not pictured) - incl. fixed steady rest max. 350 mm (not pictured) - incl. spare parts package - NO additional tools included

Condition: used, This listing is for a Kern PCB 250-3 Balance. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Kern PCB 250-3 is a Precision Laboratory Balance that is highly accurate, fully programmable and comes with a range of advanced features for precise record keeping and weighing. The balance is suitable for weighing and counting even the smallest parts. The balance is supplied with an 81mm weighing plate. A built-in recipe function makes determining the exact measurements of a mixture as easy as possible. This mode will allow you to weigh the specific parts of a mixture, record each value and recall your measurements afterwards for reference. Pre-tare function - manually subtracts known container weights Fully programmable - configure the balance to measure in special units such as length of thread g/m, paper weight g/m² or similar Percentage determination - store a given weight value (100%) and determine deviations from the target value CAL EXT function - adjust the balance's accuracy with an external adjustment weight RS232 interface - allows the balance to interface with a PC or printer GLP/ISO record keeping of weighing data with date, time and identification number Dedicated Recipe function logs the weight of a tare container plus the recipe's ingredients % Determination mode - calculates % deviations from a target value (100%) Vibration-free weighing - filters out vibrations to maintain stable weight results Supplied with a weighing range of 250g Manufacturer's part: Kern PCB 250-3 Tjdjxx Atzjpfx Abued

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, Partially overhauled Heidenhain Manual Plus 620 control system Working area: Swing diameter over bed: 475 mm Swing diameter over cross slide: 260 mm Cross slide travel: 260 mm Centre distance: 1000 mm Turning length: 880 mm Main spindle drive Drive power – AC motor – 40% duty cycle: 25 kW Headstock Spindle nose DIN 55026: A6 size Spindle diameter in front bearing: 115 mm Spindle bore: 78 mm Speed range (constant V): 1 – 3000 rpm Cross slide Feed rate, cross: 0.001 – 1000 mm/min Tjdpfx Aoyffigsbujd Feed rate, longitudinal and thread cutting: 0.001 – 2000 mm/min Rapid traverse, cross/longitudinal: 5/10 m/min Tailstock Quill diameter: 70 mm Quill stroke: 120 mm Quill taper: 5 MT

Condition: used, This listing is for a Kern EMB 220-1 Balance. The unit is in full working condition and is ready for immediate release. The Kern EMB 220-1 is a precision balance tailored for laboratory and educational settings. Its compact design and user-friendly features make it an excellent choice for accurate measurements in various environments. Key Features: Capacity and Resolution: Todpfx Abexxzi Uousd Maximum Capacity: 220g Resolution: 0.1g This capacity and resolution make it ideal for weighing small samples, chemicals, and powders with precision. Compact Dimensions: Size: 170 x 240 x 38 mm Weight: 600g Its lightweight and compact form factor allow for easy handling and storage, perfect for classroom or lab benches with limited space. User-Friendly Display: The balance features a large LCD display with a digit height of 15 mm, ensuring readability from a distance. This is particularly useful in crowded work spaces. Simple Operation: Designed for ease of use, it operates with a two-button interface, making it accessible for users of all experience levels, including students in educational settings. Tare Function: The tare function facilitates easy adjustments when weighing items in containers, allowing users to exclude the weight of bowls, plates, or cups for accurate net weight readings. Power Supply: The balance runs on batteries (included), enhancing portability. The automatic shut-off function helps conserve battery life during periods of inactivity. Additional Features: It includes a ring-shaped draft shield (available on certain models) to minimize the impact of air currents on measurements, ensuring greater accuracy. A hook for underfloor weighing expands its functional versatility, allowing for weighing larger or bulkier items. Applications: The Kern EMB 220-1 Balance is versatile and suitable for various applications, including: Laboratories: Ideal for weighing chemicals and samples in research and testing environments. Educational Use: Perfect for classrooms where students learn about measurements and experiments. Field Experiments: Lightweight and battery-operated, making it a practical choice for outdoor scientific work. Technical Specifications: Weighing Capacity: 220g Resolution: 0.1g Dimensions: 170 x 240 x 38 mm Weight: 600g Display: Large LCD display with 15 mm digit height Operation: Simple two-button operation Tare Function: Yes Power Supply: Batteries (included) with automatic shut-off function

Condition: reconditioned (used), Product information "Guide and lead screw lathe Kern D 20 A" Todpfx Ajy H Iqwjbuod Guide and lead screw lathe Kern Type / Model D 20 A Condition: used, technically overhauled in 2026 Technical data: Center height: 215 mm Distance between centers: 600 mm Spindle bore: 50 mm Bed width: 300 mm Spindle speed (12): 31.5 - 1400 rpm Motor power: 4 kW Tailstock travel: 150 mm Weight: approx. 1500 kg Dimensions (W x D x H): approx. 2180 x 1180 x 1560 mm Equipment: - Geometry protocol - 3-axis digital display - Emergency stop button - Quick-change tool holder system Multifix - Machine light - Coolant system - Rotating center - Geometry protocol

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, TECHNICAL DETAILS Inserting speed: 22,000 mail pieces/h Envelope stacking capacity: 3,000 pieces (24#) Insert stacking capacity: 2,000 pieces (single, folded 20#) Feeder capacity: approx. 45.56 cm Tolerance: ± 0.08 cm Format range: 9.84 × 16.19 cm to 17.62 × 25.08 cm MACHINE DETAILS Electrical data Power supply: 3 × 400 V, 3PN+E, 50–60 Hz Protection: 16 A Dimensions: approx. 11.89 x 0.92 m Counter reading: 145,000,000 Tjdpfxoyzpgij Abusd The indicated dimensions and format sizes were taken from the data sheet and converted from US measurements (in./ft.) to cm. Note: The machine is currently under a full maintenance contract.

Condition: reconditioned (used), Lead and feed spindle lathe Kern Type / Model: D 20 A Condition: Overhauled Technical data Center height: 215 mm Distance between centers: 600 mm Spindle bore: 50 mm Bed width: 300 mm Tedpfx Ajy H Eckobued Spindle speed (24): 31.5 - 1400 1/min Motor power: 4 kW Quill travel: 150 mm Weight: approx. 1500 kg Dimensions (W x D x H): approx. 2180 x 1180 x 1560 mm Equipment: - Geometry protocol - 3-axis digital display - Emergency stop button - Quick-change tool holder system Multifix - Machine light - Coolant system - Follower center

Condition: repair required (used), Year of construction: 2003, Kern lathe CD 402 Baij 2003 in top condition but with control system issues. Todoxn Axcopfx Abuod

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2010, Technical details: turning diameter: 1000 / 700 mm turning length: 3000 mm face slide travel: 600 mm turning diameter over slide: 700 mm turning speeds: 1-1.800 1/min transmission ratio: 2 spindle: 46 (60%) kW spindle bore: 132 mm quill stroke: 280 mm workpiece weight max.: 2.560 kg total power requirement: 38 kW weight of the machine ca.: 6 t dimensions of the machine ca.: 5 x 2,6 x 1,9 m teach in lathe, PARAT tooling system, SCHUNK ROTA NC 500-160 hydr. power chuck, Tedpfx Abjr U Skheuod tailstock, chipconveyor *

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2010, Horizontal bed Todpfxer D Nmyo Abujd - Prismatic/flat guideway hardened and ground Working range - Swing diameter over bed mm 1000 - Swing diameter over cross slide mm 700 - Slide path flat mm 600 Main spindle drive - Digital AC motor - 60% ED kW 46 Gearbox - ZF planetary gear stages 2 - electrically switched - Mounted outside the headstock Headstock - Spindle head DIN 55026 size A11 - Spindle diameter in front bearing mm 190 - Spindle bore mm 132 - Spindle taper metr 140 - Speed range rpm 1-1800 Cross slide - Feed range flat mm/rev 0.001-1000 - Feed range longitudinal mm/rev 0.001-2000 - Thread pitches mm 0.01-999.9 - Rapid traverse plan/longitudinal m/min 5/10 - from center distance 4000mm m/min 5/7 - Automatic central lubrication - Digital AC servo motors plan and longitudinal Tailstock - Quill diameter mm 125 - Quill stroke mm 280 - Mounting taper MK 6 - Clamping on the bed with clamping screws - Quill actuation and clamping manual - Tailstock roller guide

Condition: good (used), Kern lathe D 23 V with Forkard lathe chuck Multifix B digital display Tedpfxevl Ig Ds Abued

Condition: used, Hilger & Kern P80 Pump Basic version P80 Container size 80 l Transmission ratio (drive) 56:1 Delivery rate (at 20 double strokes) l/min 0.61 Material viscosity (ball valve pump/scoop piston pump) 2.5 million Working pressure (max.) bar 20-250 (315) Air consumption at 20 double strokes l/min 220 Dimensions base plate (A x B) mm 610 x 500 Tedpog Ib Npsfx Abujd Height retracted mm 1400 Height extended mm 2200 Weight without container kg 65 / 72 Maximum container height mm 750 Maximum container size 80 Maximum container outer diameter mm 440 A single pump is included in the scope of delivery. Complete factory closure, large selection of racking systems, pallet racking, shelving, paternoster lifts. High-quality industrial machines, lathes, grinding machines, hand tools. More items – new and used – can be found in our shop! International shipping costs available upon request!

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, Controls: HEIDENHAIN TNC 426, connected load: 7.7kW, including Rotator 3R WorkPal, with documentation, without spare parts. Todpfx Abex Tpytsuod

Condition: like new (used), amount 1 Set For sale is a package of KERN cutting inserts. Some are new and some are slightly used. Tjdpfsyr Si Tex Abued Year of manufacture unknown. 50 pcs. -> F3 3947 0029904 HP25A 30 pcs. -> F3 3943 pcs. -> F3 3943 pcs. -> KERN KG – Diverse

Year of construction: 1990, condition: ready for operation (used), Center height: 230mm, center width: 1500mm, swing diameter over bed/cross slide: 475mm/260mm, max. workpiece weight: approx. 500kg, spindle diameter: 1000mm, spindle bore: 62.5mm, max. chuck diameter: 250mm, travel X/Z: 1330mm/280mm, rapid traverse X/Z: 8m/4m/min, speed: 3150rpm. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 3400mm/2000mm/1600mm, weight: approx. 3300kg, control: Bosch CC 200T. Documentation vorhanden. An inspection on site is possible. Tjdpfx Abjxx Ufpousd

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1970, LZ lathe, manufacturer: KERN, type: DS 20 AL, year of manufacture: approx. 1970 with 3-jaw chuck, Forkardt 250mm, tool quick-change holder Multifix size C with holders, coolant system. Turning diameter over cross slide: 500mm Turning diameter over carriage: 250mm Distance between centers: 1000mm Tsdpsgqxciofx Abuod Spindle speeds: 12 - 1200 rpm Machine can be demonstrated in working condition. Good condition of guides.