Used Quenching Press for sale (27,726)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, LAMELLAR - CASE CLAMP GANNOMAT "CONCEPT 70 ECO" Complete in standard configuration with: Case joints. Blsdpfx Afow Tdymjler - Counter-pressure surfaces (side pressure wall, base) are 40 mm thick, coated, continuous support plates - Electrically operated adjustment of both press beams via precision trapezoidal-thread spindles (with increased lead and concentricity accuracy) and high-performance running nuts with grease reservoir. - Clamping is performed electrically using two separate worm gear motors (2 x 0.75 kW) - Pressing force: 2000 daN (kg) per press beam. - The pressing force of the press beam is electronically regulated and set via frequency converter, thus torque transmission is completely wear-free. - Pressing and adjustment speed: 25 mm/sec. - Very simple operation via 6 separate push buttons; 6 movement operations can be selected via the controller. - Freely adjustable pressing time preselection with automatic opening: 0-30 min (switchable to seconds or hours). - Working height/feeding height: 300 mm - Working dimensions: Length min: 150 mm, max: 2550 mm; Height min: 150 mm, max: 1400 mm. Depth: 700 mm 1 selector switch for variable pressing force: 1000 / 1500 / 2000 daN (kg) Machine No. 380.324 400V, 3Ph, 50Hz (2.5 kVA, 16 A) Set of machine feet for working height 500 mm Machine used: Year of construction: 2013, fully overhauled by Ganner, 6-month parts warranty Special price: ex-stock 54634 Bitburg - immediately available -

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Hydraulic C-frame press (punch press) Year of manufacture: 2025 Capacity: 100 tons at 230 bar Control / key switch: 1. Manual setup mode without light sensor 2. Automatic (at full speed) with light sensor Main cylinder: Ø 230 mm Auxiliary cylinders: 2 x Ø 50 x 30 mm Auxiliary guide: 2 x Ø 50 mm Motor: 11 kW – 15 hp Pump: 16 cc – 23 liters / ASC – Helical gear pump Speed: Forward 110 mm/sec – Return 200 mm/sec Pressure phase: 9 mm/sec Installation height: 500 mm Stroke length: 400 mm. Blodpfewag Rijx Afljr Push plate: 750 x 600 mm. – with T-slots Table top: 750 x 600 mm. – with T-slots Table height: 850 mm. (Floor to table top edge) ----- Hydraulic accessories: Hydraulic control block & accessories: REXROTH Pressure adjustment via PLC. (20 – 100 tons) Speed adjustable via PLC. Air cooler Feed valve NG.63 Control accessories: Siemens S7-1200 Blsbjftg Sgsmmvyhwof Main control box Foldable control panel With side safety door (doors can be moved backwards) SICK 750 + 150 mm light sensors. Ruler for adjusting the stroke length 7" PLC screen – Siemens Movable two-hand control Alarm indicator for faults (light & sound) ----- • The press complies with the EN693 Machinery Directive • Hydraulic two-way valves • Dual-channel fused control system • Safety PLC – SICK • Operating instructions & parts list (German) • Warranty: 24 months ----- Oil capacity: 190 liters (Tank volume: 205 liters) Total weight: approx. 5,500 kg. Overall dimensions: 1300 x 2000 x 2750 mm. Delivery time: 2 - 3 weeks from stock. Paint finish: Light gray & dark gray The machine is available immediately in 2 - 3 weeks. Freight: approx. €2,000 from Konya to Germany

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, • Features: - 5 wet offset printing towers - Web width: 520 mm - Print width: 510 mm - Mechanical speed: 350 m/min • Equipment: - Paper unwind station - Web edge control - Web tension control - Turn bar unit - Alcohol dampening system - Sheeter (cross cutter) Blodpexzzz Aefx Aflsr - Non-stop high pile delivery - Plate and film punching system - Plate bending table - Edge extraction system • Accessories: - Technical documentation - Operating manual - Toolbox with tools

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1996, Main Drive Pressing force 135 Kn Bsdpfx Afsxzvqrjljlr This OTT 300-K-D0 was manufactured in 1996. A robust veneer press featuring plate dimensions of 2550 x 1350 mm and hot water heating. It includes 6 pressure cylinders with a total pressing force of 135 tons. Consider the opportunity to buy this OTT 300-K-D0 veneer press. Contact us for more information about this machine. Application Types Pressing / Laminating

Condition: used, Working width 3500 mm Working height 2550 mm Number of cylinders 6 St. loading dimensions L x W x H 4500x950x2900 mm Hess Speedy frame press ----- will be checked Insertion dimension / pressing length max. 3,500 mm Insertion dimension / pressing height max. 2,550 mm Sliding carriage for width adjustment locking in 50 mm Double hole grid system Electric height adjustment of the long-stroke cylinders (hydraulic) Insertion height of the abutment plates can be preselected in 4 positions 3 vertical printing cylinders stroke 1000 mm Pressure force per cylinder 2000 kN / 20000 N 3 horizontal printing cylinders stroke 80 mm Pressure force per cylinder 1250 kN / 12500 N Printing plate depth 100 mm width 140 mm Grid for cylinder fixation/rear bearing 50 mm Medium pressure beam with shut-off valve Final pressure switch-off and pressure control Control and pressing process in touch button operation Adjustable pressing pressure min. 25 – max. 160 bar Electrical connection 2.2 kW / 400V 3 pendulum pressure plates for studio windows 1 pendulum pressure plate for pointed windows 1 extension for pendulum pressure plate 1 small parts allowance Image and video not original, show identical model ----- (technical data according to the manufacturer - no guarantee!) Bljdpfxexnqw Te Afljr

Condition: excellent (used), MDS Type: MDS A220-PD Bljdpfetgik Rjx Aflor MDS A220-PD Autoriv manual workstation A220-PD assembly system is a stationary manual workstation for processing press-fit elements. Intended use: The machine is used to press in fasteners. The worker inserts the corresponding screws, plastic nuts and the component to be and the component to be processed into the machine by hand. The operator then starts the pressing process using a foot switch. The pressing process runs automatically. Fasteners: Press-in nut, rivet nut, self-piercing nut, press-in stud, punching stud / rivet stud Thread size - M5, M6, M8, M10, M12 Technical data: Control voltage 230V/10A Connector plug HAN 10, not wired Temperature ranges: Transport: - 20°C to + 60°C Operation: + 10°C to + 40°C Storage: - 20°C to + 50°C Compressed air connection: Operating pressure: 6 bar Quality: Conditioned, water-free and and unlubricated air Connection: 1⁄2" connection thread Machine dimensions: Length (L): approx. 824 mm / Height (H): approx. 1800 mm / Width (W): approx. 600 mm Values apply to a working height (AH) of 1000 mm. Pneumatics: Standard: Manufacturer SMC Variant: Manufacturer FESTO Control system: Standard: Manufacturer B & R Variant: Manufacturer Siemens Machine type C-frame A220-PD Continuous sound pressure level (LpA) 78 dB Operating modes: The operating modes can be changed in the control panel. Automatic mode: The fasteners are pressed in automatically. Movements are only triggered when the operator presses the foot pedal and triggers the pressing process. Manual mode: In manual mode, adjustments are made to the machine. In this operating mode, movements can be activated individually. Weight: Approx. 600 kg Condition: Used Scope of delivery: (see picture) (Changes and errors in the technical data, specifications are reserved!) We will be happy to answer any further questions you may have on the phone.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 1 h, Super special price, as it was on display at our in-house exhibition. Operating hours: 1 Available immediately - subject to prior sale If gone - then gone Compact design, high reliability and an excellent price-performance ratio excellent price-performance ratio: these are the advantages of this machine, which is perfect for briquetting materials such as wood such as wood, polystyrene, foam or paper. Special feature: the screw pre-compaction, which guarantees a guarantees high briquette quality. For quick and easy installation, the C 140 is mounted on a stable base frame. mounted on a stable base frame Overall dimensions: 1900 x 1410 mm Hopper opening: 1044 x 1044 mm Hopper height: 1010 mm Hopper capacity: 1.1 m³ Bodetnz Ttjpfx Aflelr Drive power: 4 kW Briquette diameter (mm) 40 Throughput capacity (kg/h) 30-40 Hydraulic oil volume (l) 100 Weight (kg) 530 Equipment: Press Powerful pressing mechanism with low-wear, chrome-plated tongs Pre-compressor with end-sensitive cylinder and screwed cover Control box with PLC control Hydraulics Separate oil tank with pump motor and valve control Safety switch for oil temperature Container with agitator and gear motor Screw channel with discharge screw and gear motor gear motor Accessories: Briquette length monitoring Automatic on - off Location: 54634 Bitburg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1992, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 50 /92-NG 600/15 kW/32Liter, pressing force: 130 t, operating speed: 80 mm/s, overall weight: 3,500 kg, Hydraulic straightening press Manufacturer: G +K Year of manufacture: 1992 Max. pressing force: 130 t Lower table size: 800 x 500 mm with T-slots Upper table size: 800 x 500 mm with T-slots Installation dimension: 1000 mm System pressure: 250 bar Electric motor: 15 kW Weight: 3400 kg Bledpfxsxr Rnao Aflsr Operating voltage: 380 V AC, 24 V DC

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1982, Immediately available ex-stock: Hydraulic press brake EHT, type EHP 11–30, year of manufacture 1982, Cybelec control. Press force 110 t, working length 3050 mm, distance between uprights 2550 mm, throat depth 400 mm, stroke 200 mm, drive power 15 kW, top and bottom tooling (prism), weight 10 t. Price: EUR 4,000—plus VAT, ex location. Blodpox Andasfx Afler

Condition: good (used), Hydraulic press, workshop press, two-column press, oil hydraulic press Blsdpfxoxwucxe Afler -Hydraulic press: pressing force 102 t -Stroke: 220 mm -Operation: Hand lever -Hydraulic unit: VEM 5.5 kW / 325 bar -Clamping table: 1050 x 670 mm -Insertion height: 295 to 1130 mm, lockable in 8 stages via cable pull -Dimensions: 1820/950/H2580 mm -Weight: 2500 kg

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 1989, Haco hydraulic press brake type PPES 40.135 working width 4100 mm max press force 135 tons Haco CNC controller type M9101 Bledpfx Afsxwmutjlor CNC-controlled Y1, Y2, and X axes crowning with manual adjustment including set of tools

Condition: used, Thermopatch Type: NL-15-SQR/R The NL-15-SQR/R is a sophisticated combination of advanced technology and a modern, ergonomic design. The device heats up quickly and automatically switches to energy-saving mode when needed. The NL-15-SQR/R operates exclusively with compressed air and is the one-size-fits-all solution for every application. The display is user-friendly. Intended Use: This heat seal press is particularly suitable for industrial applications that require precise temperature control and the ability to use smaller sealing plates (140 x 140 mm). Common applications include applying patches, transfers, or embroidery to textiles. Special Features: Robust and durable: The machine is designed for intensive use and is popular in the textile industry as well as other industries that require high-volume, medium- to high-temperature processing. High flexibility: The temperature range of 25 to 210°C and the adjustable timer from 1 to 240 seconds offer flexibility for a wide variety of materials and applications. Bledpfjwif Rgex Aflor Efficient: The air pressure range of 3 to 6 bar and the air consumption of 3.01 liters per cycle make the machine efficient in operation. The Thermopatch NL-15-SQR/R is an industrial heat seal press with the following technical specifications: Technical Data: Power supply: 240 V Maximum power: 800 W Temperature range: 25 – 210 °C Timer: 1 – 240 seconds Dimensions (H x W x D): 470 x 540 x 470 mm Sealing plate (mm): 140 x 140 mm Noise level: < 70 dB Air pressure range: 3 – 6 bar Air consumption per cycle at 5 bar: 3.01 l Weight: 59 kg Condition: Used Scope of delivery: (See image) (Subject to change and errors in the technical data, information is subject to change!) We are happy to answer any further questions you may have over the phone.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, AL-KO POWER UNIT® 300 P-BP 30 -50 Intake port : 300 mm nominal motor power : 7,5 kW / 3 Ph Voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz Maximum volume flow : 6000 m³ / h Nominal volume flow : 5.089 m³ / h Negative pressure 2.587 Pa Filter area 30 m² Dimensions (L x W x H) in mm 3.000 x 1.361 x 2.817 Briquetting capacity 30 - 50 kg / h Briquette diameter: 50 mm Bledpfx Aeh D If Hofljr Weight: 1570 kg Machine is brand new in our STOCK - IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE - subject to prior sale Location: 54634 Bitburg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, functionality: fully functional, TRtech Prime 31100 Press Brake 1 EUR 52,500.00 EUR 52,500.00 Bending Force: 100 ton Bending Length: 3100 mm Distance Between Columns: 2600 mm Stroke: 265 mm Daylight: 490 mm Throat Depth: 410 mm Table Height: 900 Table Width: 110 mm Free Fall Speed: 120 mm/s Pressing Speed: 10 mm/s Return Dpeed: 110 mm/s X Axis Stroke: 750 mm Engine Power: 11 kW Width: 1780 mm Height: 3960 mm Length: 2850 mm App. Weight: 8500 kg Number of Axis: X, R, Z1, Z2, Y1, Y2 Safety Cages with Switch CNC Controlled Hydraulic Dynamic Crowning System Control Unit: STEP Rock 22 Servo Motor Backgauge: X, R, Z1, Z2 Blsdpfx Afjvd Aavolsr Segmented Die Segmented Punch Sliding Front Arms ( T-Slot and stopper ): 2 pieces Payment conditions: BY SWIFT: %40 pre-payment in advance, rest before loading TOTAL EUR 52.500,00 Delivery time: EX-Works OSM Makina, 12 weeks after the reception of order SEAL AND SIGNATURE PROFORMA INVOICE Bill To Frank Pelka Maschinen GmbH Dorfstr. 11 57271 Hilchenbach Germany

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, 1 piece pneumatic press SCHÜCO II without table, as per pictures and inspection, self-dismantling. Colour: green. Year of manufacture: 1991. Condition: used. Payment method: advance payment by bank transfer. Storage location: production hall. Shipping: Collection only – shipping is not offered for this item! Bledpfxjx A Atce Afler

Condition: excellent (used), Here we offer you a TOX press-in machine TOX-C-frame press. TOX Pressotechnik Press-in machine TOX-C-frame press Pneumohydraulic manual workstation with process monitoring for pressing in functional elements. Technical data: Press type EMB 030.068.Α.001 Drive KWE3O.0O.17O.10H Pneumatic connection G3/4'' Compressed air preparation filtered and dried compressed air max. particle size 40 µm Air pressure working process Pmin. = 3,0 bar Рmах. = 6,0 bar Pressing force 170 kN Total stroke / scraper stroke 170 mm/ 10 mm Control STE 326-366-3/4"-90-230٧/АС special cpl. Electrical connection 90-230V/AC Ambient temperature operation Тmiп. = 10°C Tmax. = 60°C Tox press-in monitoring EPW 500FP Force / displacement measurement Holding-up device ZHE for Tox press Insertion dimensions: Width 1917.5 mm Height 2506 mm Depth 1917.5 mm Protective grid circuit Leuze B20/B21 Light curtain Press-in tool see (pictures 15 to 18) Press-in sleeve (Fig. 17) 24.5 ∅ mm Range of application, use Press-fit Weight: 2200 kg Type: EMB 030.068.A.001 Condition: used / used Scope of delivery: (See picture) (Changes and errors in the technical data, data are reserved!) Bledpfx Aehhil Teflsr Further questions we can answer on the phone for you.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Gannomat Concept 70 Eco Lamella - carcass press with rapid traverse Technical data: Lamella carcass press from our showroom; Working range: width from 150 - 2.500mm , height from 150 - 1.400mm; depth 700mm; Bjdpfeiidm Nex Aflolr - lamella press beam top with 6 elements, lamella press beam side with 5 elements - lamella press beam with practice-proven tolerance compensation for tightly pressed carcass joints - Counterpressure surfaces are 40 mm thick, coated continuous support plates - The pressing force of the pressing bars is infinitely variable electronically controlled by 2 potentiometers and adjusted via frequency converter, therefore the torque transmission is absolutely wear-free. - Pressing force for horizontal press bars min. 500 daN (kg) to infinitely variable max. 2200 daN (kg) - Pressing force for vertical press bars min. 300 daN (kg) to stepless max. 2200 daN (kg) - Including option: Rapid traverse speed for fast positioning of the press bars, controlled by automatic workpiece recognition with sensors in the press bars, press speed 5/10/25 mm/sec. and rapid traverse speed 50 mm/sec, the sensors can be switched off for pressing special parts. - Jog mode for precise positioning of the two pressing beams e.g. for low pressing forces, drawers and carcasses 45 degrees. Simple operation via 6 separate pushbuttons, freely adjustable pressing time preselection with automatic opening, loading height 300 mm. Machine is in our showroom and can be delivered immediately. Location: ex stock 54634 Bitburg - immediately available -

Condition: excellent (used), Ifsys Type: 114100 Type: VL 13 Servo press Bunker system with 2X Vibroliner and 2X Vibrobunker 1X return belt 2X control unit FC 1000 Condition: used Bodpfshh Ibdsx Aflslr Scope of delivery: (See picture) (Changes and errors in the technical data, information is subject to change!) We will be happy to answer any further questions you may have over the phone.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, Weima Briquetting Press TH 714 The TH 714 machines are designed for plants with required throughput rates of up to 150 kg/h. The stable press housing enables the production of high-strength briquettes - from materials such as wood, polystyrene, foams, light metals, paper or biomass. Numerous additional options can be implemented, e.g. oil cooling for multi-shift operation. All machines are available as left- or right-hand version. Mounting on a stable base frame ensures fast installation and makes mobile use possible. Blodpfx Asil Hggefljr User-friendly operation thanks to Siemens PLC control In order to live up to our performance promise, we design and produce all control cabinets ourselves at our Ilsfeld site and equip them with well-known international components. This guarantees highest quality with compact design. The used PLC-control from Siemens is perfectly adapted to the requirements of the briquetting process. Impurity-resistant screw conveyor due to cardanic suspension The screw conveyor, which transports the material into the pre-compressor of the briquetting press, is suspended on a cardan joint. This prevents interfering materials from causing damage to the screw conveyor. As is so often the case, however, it always depends on the specific application which suspension is chosen. For metal applications, for example, we often recommend rigidly mounted screws. Briquette diameter (mm): 70 Throughput capacity up to (kg/h): 150*1 Hydraulic motor (kW): 11 Oil quantity (liters): 250 Weight (approx. kg): 1100 Location: Ex stock 54634 Bitburg - immediately available - subject to prior sale

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Vacuum - membrane press VP - series are the ideal solution for the wood processing industry. VP 3000 is equipped with heating technology, which reduces the drying time of the adhesive so that the performance is higher. Usage possibilities: Veneers / form gluing / wrapping... Coating of different profiles (veneer, paper, plastic...) Wood bending: Production of bent and glued components The heating system is equipped with temperature control Rubber membrane 2.5 mm Table top is made of plastic 12 mm Oil-free Becker vacuum pump 25 m3/h The control system of vacuum / Tankinhalr 15 l Work surface: 3000x1500mm Heating system temperature: Max 60 degrees C Heating system: KW 4,5 Pump output: KW 0.75 Vacuum pump capacity: 25 m3/h Rubber membrane Dimensions exterior: 3100 x 1650 x 1600 mm Weight: 450 kg Location: Off the shelf 54634 Bitburg Bsdpjdvltyefx Aflolr -free load-

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, New hydraulic heating platen press Manufacturer: ITALPRESSE, Type XL/6 30-13 with gold-anodized plates Touch display control system - Electric heating platens 3,000 x 1,300 mm - Total pressing force: 90 tons - Number of heating plates: 2 pcs. - Number of levels: 1 - Cylinder stroke: 350 mm - Daylight opening: 350 mm - All-around loading possible - Number of hydraulic cylinders: 6 pcs. - Cylinder diameter: 85 mm - Hydraulic unit power requirement: 3 kW - Electric heating plates made of solid hard aluminum with built-in heating wires - Heating capacity: 22 kW - High-pressure insulation plates - Working temperature: 90° C - Max. temperature: 120° C - Operating voltage: 400 V, 50 Hz Bledsxgbxfspfx Afljr - Safety specifications according to CE standard Standard equipment: - Movement of the press table with rack-and-pinion and parallel guides at 2 corners of the press table made from self-lubricating material - Electronic control unit with touch screen for machine control and monitoring - Digital timer for adjusting pressing time and automatic opening - Digital input and monitoring of pressing pressure - Digital timer for adjusting pressing time - Digital diagnostics and fault display - Safety circuit with two-hand operation - Safety pull cord - Safety support for lower press table Accessories included: - Touch Screen TS/400 - EFC electronic flatness control - Gold-anodized heating plates (Busse) Location: Ex stock - Immediately available -

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, AL-KO POWER UNIT® 250 P-BP Intake port : 250 mm nominal motor power : 6,5 kW / 3 Ph Voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz Maximum volume flow : 4.900 m³ / h Bsdpfecdr E Asx Afljlr Nominal volume flow : 3.534 m³ / h Negative pressure 2.451 Pa Filter area 22,4 m² Dimensions (L x W x H) in mm 2.305 x 1.333 x 2.609 Briquetting capacity 30 - 50 kg / h Location: Comes to stock 54634 Bitburg Subject to prior sale

Year of construction: 2025, condition: as good as new (ex-display), Vacuum - membrane press Bljdpfjdwh E Aox Aflor VP - Series are the optimal solution for woodworking. VP 3000 is equipped with the heating technology, which shortens the drying time of the glue, so that the efficiency is higher. Possible applications: Veneer / form gluing / wrapping... Coating of different profiles (veneer,paper, plastic...) Wood bending: production of bent and layer-glued components The heating system is equipped with temperature control Rubber membrane 2,5 mm Table top is made of plastic 12 mm Oil-free Becker vacuum pump 25 m3/h The control system of the vacuum / tank capacity 15 l working area: 3000x1500mm Heating system temperature: Max. 60 degrees C heating system: KW 4,5 Pump capacity: KW 0,75 Vacuum pump flow rate: 25 m3/h Rubber membrane Dimensions outside: 3100 x 1650 x 1600 mm Weight: 450 kg Machine is equipped with a chassis. Location: From warehouse 54634 Bitburg - free on truck -

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2025, operating hours: 1 h, Super special price, as it was on display at our in-house exhibition. Operating hours: 2 Available immediately - subject to prior sale If gone - then gone Compact design, high reliability and an excellent price-performance ratio Bsdpfx Afotnz Hbolelr excellent price-performance ratio: these are the advantages of this machine, which is perfect for briquetting materials such as wood such as wood, polystyrene, foam or paper. Special feature: the screw pre-compaction, which guarantees a guarantees high briquette quality. For quick and easy installation, the C 140 is mounted on a stable base frame. mounted on a stable base frame Overall dimensions: 1900 x 1410 mm Hopper opening: 1044 x 1044 mm Hopper height: 1010 mm Hopper capacity: 1.1 m³ Drive power: 4 kW Briquette diameter (mm) 40 Throughput capacity (kg/h) 30-40 Hydraulic oil volume (l) 100 Weight (kg) 530 Equipment: Press Powerful pressing mechanism with low-wear, chrome-plated tongs Pre-compressor with end-sensitive cylinder and screwed cover Control box with PLC control Hydraulics Separate oil tank with pump motor and valve control Safety switch for oil temperature Container with agitator and gear motor Screw channel with discharge screw and gear motor gear motor Accessories: Briquette length monitoring Automatic on - off Location: 54634 Bitburg

Year of construction: 1985, condition: excellent (used), Edge gluing press for veneer, solid wood and plastic, model HFK 2200, for trimming edges during press time. When using heat-curing glue, we achieve pressing times of 20 to 30 seconds for veneer edges. Maximum working size approx.: 1,400 x 2,500 mm Heating: 1.7 kW Bedpfx Afjw Apqqelelr Electro-pneumatic edge press Haug HFK 2200 for pressing edging material onto wood, with heating. 3 table extensions Swiveling work table Location: ex stock 54634 Bitburg - immediately available -