Used Db Engineering Traserscreen Db-100Tc for sale (21,161)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, Used AT ENGINEERING model AT 1100 stainless steel paddle mixer with all accessories. - Manufacturer: AT ENGINEERING - Model: AT 1100 - Material: Stainless steel AISI 304 - Capacity: 330 - 770 litre working capacity, 1100 litre total capacity (product dependent) - Mixing Chamber: approximately 1740 mm long x 950 mm diameter - Discharge Type: Pneumatically operated bomb door type discharge valve - Type of blades: Stainless steel shaft with paddle blades - Motor: 37 kW, 1485 rpm, 50 Hz electrical motor with gearbox, final rpm 130 rpm Includes: - Stainless steel containers for filling or discharging material. - Screw conveyor for moving the mixed material from container into the filler. - Powder filling machine Ljdpfxszlxy Rs Ab Noah - Stainless steel switchboard with integrated control panel - Stainless steel platform

Condition: good (used), Full Onion Peeling Line, Comprising of- Lasdpfjzzpu Dex Ab Neh -Onion Peeler, manufactured by M&P Engineering MP 16584, The Large Onion Peeling Machine from M&P Engineering tops, tails and peels onions of 45mm to 115mm diameter using self adjusting floating knife assemblies over a range of up to 25mm on any one setting. It then slits the onion horizontally from top to tail, the depth of slit is determined by onion quality and grade. The machine finally removes the skin using compressed air providing an end product of optimum appearance -Dolav Tipper -Elevated Conveyor -Roller Table -Onion Washer

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, A PUR foaming system with Yaskawa industrial robot is offered. Min. dispensing rate: approx. 0.15g/s, max. dispensing rate: 1.6g/s, material system: polyurethane Penguin Foam 3151/3157, drum capacity: 200l, operating voltage: 3 × 400V/N/PE, frequency: 50Hz, control voltage: 24V DC, upstream fuse: 16A. Approx. 30000 assemblies were foam-applied using the system. The system was shut down in 2024 according to the manufacturers instructions. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Ljdpfx Aezvy Ecob Njah

Condition: new, powerful and sturdy grid screener with adjustable gap Laodpfxsz Hx Hqs Ab Neh

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, The manufacturer cannot be identified with 100% certainty as there is no nameplate on the entire machine. The machine is located in 06502 Thale. Lsdpfx Abozr Edpo Neah Machine type: Drum melting system for 200-liter containers Material transport: Motor-driven pump Lifting system: Pneumatic Melting system: Heated pressure/melting plate with two rotating seals Control: Separate control cabinet A detailed description/documentation of the drum melting system can be found in the appendix.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, Second-hand machine Year of manufacture: 2005 Features and technical specifications: - Motor: 400 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase, 1.5 kW - Pneumatic single-head drilling machine with 23 spindles - Aluminium ruler with 4 stops (2 profiles on the right/left, 1500 mm each) - with quick-action chuck - 2 patented, accident-proof pressure clamping cylinders - Connection for extraction system in accordance with EC standards - Aluminium drilling beam, spindle centre distance 32 mm - Work table made of MDF and cast iron - Patented spiral system for fine adjustment of the drilling depth - Pneumatic drilling head oscillation with Lockable in any position between 0° and 90° - Fold-down side stops with fine adjustment via counters with decimal display - Drilling height adjustment via dial gauges with decimal display - Back stop, travel up to 300 mm - Fixed stops 37 mm for fitting pot-type band drills - Complies with EC standards Lasdpfx Abozk N S Ue Neh - Max. drilling width 704 mm - Max. drilling depth 65 mm - Max. workpiece width 960 mm - Max. workpiece length 3000 mm - Max. workpiece thickness 60 mm Availability: at short notice Storage location: 63934 Röllbach

Condition: good (used), GIC Gainsborough Engineering model - VFB2000. Manufacturer - Gainsborough Engineering Ltd GIC Gainsborough Engineering VFB2000 vertical form-fill-seal (VFFS) bagging machine, designed for automated weighing/bagging and packing of food products and other free-flowing products. Specification: Manufacturer: Gainsborough Engineering Ltd Lodpfxjzzzfuo Ab Njah Brand: GIC Model: VFB2000 Type: Vertical Form-Fill-Seal (VFFS) bagging machine Sealing bars: 290 mm horizontal × 320 mm vertical Film reel width: 620 mm Current film width: 280 mm Forming tube: 80 mm diameter Suitable for integration with weighing/feed systems Stainless steel/food-processing construction Designed for continuous automatic bag forming, filling and sealing

Condition: good (used), GIC Gainsborough Engineering model - VFB2000. Ledpfjzzp Azex Ab Neah Manufacturer - Gainsborough Engineering Ltd

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 14,022 h, machine/vehicle number: 2621150, control type: CNC control, degree of automation: automatic, actuation type: hydraulic, controller manufacturer: VARIOBEND / ASCO, controller model: VARIOBEND Touch Control, working width: 6,400 mm, sheet thickness (max.): 1 mm, sheet thickness steel (max.): 1 mm, sheet thickness stainless steel (max.): 1 mm, sheet thickness aluminum (max.): 2 mm, back gauge adjustment: CNC-controlled, back gauge: 1,300 mm, overall weight: 8,800 kg, total length: 7,200 mm, total width: 2,150 mm, total height: 1,600 mm, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: AC, year of last overhaul: 2025, Equipment: CE marking, angle stop, centralized greasing system, cone bending device, documentation/manual, emergency stop, foot remote control, We are offering for sale a VARIOBEND CNC sheet metal folding machine, manufactured by ASCO GmbH, Germany. The machine is currently owned by DIMING d.o.o., a company based in Slovenia, specializing in construction and sheet metal works. The machine is designed for precise and efficient sheet metal bending and is particularly suitable for roofing, façade construction and architectural sheet metal fabrication. Its robust construction and CNC-controlled operation ensure accurate, consistent and repeatable bending results, making it suitable for professional sheet metal processing. Ljdpfx Ajz Sz Txjb Neah We are upgrading our machinery and investing in a newer-generation folding machine. The machine is available for inspection in Slovenia by prior arrangement.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2009, operating hours: 3,350 h, functionality: fully functional, total length: 21,000 mm, total width: 1,200 mm, total height: 3,250 mm, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 380 V, feed rate X-axis: 12 m/min, working width: 270 mm, We are selling our fully automated packaging line by CSP Engineering due to production expansion and renewal of our machinery park. The packaging line is engineered for maximum output, precision and reliability in industrial production environments. The line is currently functional in production. Main features - Automatic counting system - Automatic label application with package quantity indication - Integrated folder insert system inside each package - Automatic wrapping and strapping system - Integrated measuring system - High production efficiency: up to 150 m2 per hour - Suitable for long profiles Technical specifications - Maximum plank length: 3100mm - Maximum plank width: 270mm - Widest point of the complete line: 3100mm Ledpfx Aey Rffteb Neah Machine configuration and power requirements 1. Strapex system - 5.6 AMP 2. Parscan System - 10 AMP 3. Packaging Machine - 6 AMP 4. Oven - 40 AMP 5. Destacker - 25 AMP The line can be inspected in operation and is immediately available upon agreement. Keywords: Labeling, Destacking, Stacking, Strapping, Packaging, Packing, Parquet, Wood, Wrapping, Folder, Shrinking, Shrinkoven

Year of construction: 2016, condition: used, Manufacturer : IMMEQUIP Engineering Model : CEMH 360 Year: 2016 Width: 36 cm Type : Cutter / Laminator Structure & design: All-stainless steel 304L mechanically welded frame Fitted with 4 pivoting wheels with brakes Conveyor: Entry conveyor belt – Motor: 0.25 kW – three-phase 400V – Product guidance via stainless steel comb Conveyor: Outfeed belt – Motor: 0.37 kW – three-phase 400V – Integrated air blow-off ramp Cutting unit – Cutting wheel Ø350 mm – 3 blade holders (45° and 90°) – 3 ground hardened steel blades (Z30C13 – 40/42 HRC) – Option to add more – Rotation speed: 72 rpm – Motor: 0.37 kW – three-phase 400V – Guide with stainless steel bearings Ledpfx Abey Hdqaj Neah – Cutting kit available: 90° and 45° Product orientation kit: 1 symmetrical set, each comprising 1 cell, 1 stop flap and 1 pneumatic cylinder Rolling function – Non-motorised stainless steel roller, Ø140 x 350 mm – Gap adjustment: manual – Adjustable anti-clogging scraper Power supply: Three-phase 400V – 50 Hz Danfoss VLT frequency converters Operator display (HMI) Full machine control Buzzer + power-on indicator light Emergency stop buttons (including 1 on the cutting unit side) Electrical documentation available

Condition: used, pure engineering Type: pureGMC18 System for manual weighing processes Climate chamber for highly sensitive weighing processes with ultra-microbalances. The weighing chamber is specifically designed for the gravimetric determination of particulate emissions in exhaust gas analysis and meets the regulatory requirements of environmental authorities. All necessary climate control components are integrated. In combination with the particulate filter, a contamination-free and precisely conditioned weighing and storage area for the filters is ensured. Features: Precise temperature and humidity control Weather station (p, t, h) for buoyancy correction Dew point mirror (optional) Vibration-isolated granite for low-vibration mounting of an ultra-microbalance Ionization device against static charging Flow protection for shielding the weighing cell Touch panel for intuitive operation Ethernet interface for process data exchange Interior with power outlets, grounding bolt Advantages: Meets regulatory requirements for particle weighing according to: ECE-R83 (light duty), ECE-R49 (heavy duty), EPA1065 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Lasdpfx Abjzd Ukio Njh Tested, ready-to-connect design Designation: pureGMC18 Temperature: 22°C ± 1 K Humidity: 45% RH ± 3% Dimensions W/D/H: 1,800/800/1,980 mm Cleanroom class 5 (ISO14644-1) Voltage supply: 400V, 15A 50/60 Hz Weight: 650 kg Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See picture) (Changes and errors in the technical data are subject to change!) We will be happy to answer any further questions you may have by telephone.

Condition: refurbished (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, power: 45 kW (61.18 HP), overall weight: 4,700 kg, color: grey, Maximum chipping height: mm 200 Feed-in width: mm 650 Feed rollers: units 3 Rotor fly circle: mm 600 Chip length approx.: mm 20–30 Output capacity: 18–22 cubic meters/hour of wood chips Chipping knives: units 2 Feed motors: kW 2 x 3 Net weight approx.: kg 4700 Feed: horizontal Machine frame: steel, gas-shielded welded Rotor: steel, gas-shielded welded, dynamically balanced Bearings: oversize roller bearings Bearing housing: steel, flange housing Laedpfxsynzg He Ab Noh Feed rollers: steel, special toothed Chip discharge: located below the machine Machine grate: (sieve) for post-shredding of oversized pieces Drive pulley: matched to main motor, N = 1500 rpm Hydraulic system: comprising hydraulic pump, diaphragm accumulator, cylinder, pressure gauge, control valves for lifting the upper feed roller Feed system: by 2 geared motors, manufacturer NORD GETRIEBE

Condition: good (used), Icon Engineering Steriliser tunnel Stainless, cold water steriliser tunnel, stainless chain belt, belt dimensions 1800mm x 360mm, max product height 250mm, variable speed, with recirculation pump, air knife, 3Ph Ledozzf E Eepfx Ab Njah

Year of construction: 2021, condition: used, Manufacturer : IMMEQUIP Engineering Model : CEMH-LAM360 Year : 2021 Type : Cutter / Laminator Structure & design: All-stainless steel 304L mechanically welded frame Fitted with 4 pivoting wheels with brakes Dimensions Longueur totale : 3550 mm Hauteur tapis entrée : 1025 mm (±15 mm réglable) Hauteur tapis sortie : 737 mm Largeur bandes : 360 mm Conveyor: Inlet conveyor - White silicone NEOBELTING belt - Maximum temperature: 90°C continuous - Speed: 17 m/min - Motor: 0.25 kW – three-phase 400V - Product guidance via stainless steel comb Conveyor system: Exit conveyor - White silicone NEOBELTING belt - Speed: 43 m/min - Motor: 0.37 kW – three-phase 400V - Integrated air blow-off ramp Cutting unit - Cutting wheel Ø350 mm - 3 blade holders (45° and 90°) - 3 ground hardened steel blades (Z30C13 – 40/42 HRC) – additional blades can be fitted - Rotational speed: 72 rpm - Motor: 0.37 kW – three-phase 400V - Stainless steel housing with adjustable pressure roller - Stainless steel roller guide - Cutting kit available: 90° and 45° Product orientation kit: 2 symmetrical sets, each comprising 1 cell, 1 stop flap and 1 pneumatic cylinder Rolling function - Non-motorised hollow stainless steel roller, Ø140 x 350 mm - Gap adjustment: manual - Adjustable anti-clogging scraper Power supply: Three-phase 400V – 50 Hz Danfoss VLT frequency converters Operator display (HMI) Full machine control Lodey Dvpvepfx Ab Nsah Buzzer + power-on indicator light Emergency stop buttons (including 1 on the cutting unit side) Electrical documentation available

Condition: used, Primus Engineering Type: DST 350 This test setup was designed for performing IP protection tests for “dust” according to, for example, DIN 40050 Part 9 and DIN EN 60529. The test setup is intended for testing technical components under the influence of dust and negative pressure within the limits specified in the technical data. Operation / HMI Control panel with screen and buttons Manual controls Pre-programmed test sequences Integrated vacuum circuit with flow measurement Technical data: Total electrical power: Max. 5 KW Connection voltage: 400V/50HZ 3-N/PE (16A EEC socket) Dimensions: Width approx. 920 mm, Depth approx. 710 mm, Height approx. 1,770 mm Test chamber dimensions: Width approx. 700 mm, Depth approx. 650 mm, Height approx. 770 mm Volume approx. 350 l Weight: approx. 200 kg Vacuum: 0 to -100 mbar Suction air flow: 0 to approx. 5 l/min Operating climate range: Temperature: +12 °C to +30 °C Humidity: 25 % rel. to 75 % rel., non-condensing IP protection tests according to DIN 40050 Part 9 and DIN EN 60529 (VDE 0470 Part 1) Dust test: Dust-protected IP5X and IP5KX Dust-tight IP6X and IP6KX with and without vacuum Condition: used Scope of delivery: (See image) Laedpezgbtiofx Ab Neh (Changes and errors in the technical data are subject to change!) We will be happy to answer any further questions you may have by telephone.

Year of construction: 2024, condition: used, Manufacturer : IMMEQUIP Engineering Model : CEMH-LAM360 Year : 2024 Type : Cutter / Laminator Structure & design: All-stainless steel 304L mechanically welded frame Fitted with 4 swivel wheels with brakes Fully enclosed machine (compliant with 2006/42/EC) Access secured by coded magnetic sensors Dimensions Longueur totale : 3550 mm Hauteur tapis entrée : 1025 mm (±15 mm réglable) Hauteur tapis sortie : 737 mm Largeur bandes : 360 mm Convoyage : Tapis d’entrée - Bande NEOBELTING silicone blanc - Température max : 90°C en continu - Vitesse : 17 m/min - Motorisation : 0,37 kW – triphasé 400V - Option fournie avec la machine : guidage produits par peigne inox + rouleaux presseurs (voir photo) Conveyor system: Exit conveyor - White silicone NEOBELTING belt - Speed: 43 m/min - Motor: 0.37 kW – three-phase 400V - Integrated air blow-off ramp Cutting unit - Cutting wheel Ø350 mm - 3 blade holders (45° and 90°) - Hardened and ground steel blades (Z30C13 – 40/42 HRC) - Rotation speed: 72 rpm - Motor: 0.37 kW – three-phase 400V - Stainless steel housing with adjustable pressure roller - Stainless steel roller guide - Cutting kit options: 90° and 45° Product orientation kit: 2 symmetrical sets, each comprising 1 cell, 1 stop flap and 1 pneumatic cylinder Laminating / rolling function - Hollow stainless steel roller, Ø140 x 350 mm - Motor: 0.12 kW - Speed: 29 m/min Lsdpfxey D Ugye Ab Nsah - Precise gap adjustment (1 to 30 mm) - Adjustable anti-clogging scraper Conveyor system: Intermediate conveyor - HABASIT belt, type WVT-140 - Speed: 29 m/min - Motor: 0.18 kW - Stainless steel drum, Ø44 mm - Tension and position adjustment Power supply: Three-phase 400V – 50 Hz SIEMENS G120C frequency converters (x5) SIEMENS 7-inch operator display (HMI) Full machine control Buzzer + power-on indicator light Emergency stop buttons (including 1 on the cutting unit side) Technical documentation available

Condition: used, total height: 1,800 mm, total length: 1,750 mm, total width: 1,800 mm, Year of manufacture: 2018 Colour: Grey Empty weight: 975 kg - Year: 2018 - Documentation available: No Laedjyf Hc Iepfx Ab Noh - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 173180025 - Main motor power [kW]: 3 - Working range X [mm]: 3000 - Working range Y [mm]: 3000 - Working range Z [mm]: 50 - Horizontal drilling unit: Yes - Horizontal drilling spindles [pcs]: 4 - Vertical drilling unit: Yes - Saw unit present: Yes - Voltage [V]: 400 - Current consumption [A]: 3 - Transport dimensions: 1750mm x 1800mm x 1800mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 975kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Yorick Diebels

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 8048 TECHNICAL DATA - max. disc diameter 400mm - disc bore diameter 30mm - disc guard Lasdezx Sqpspfx Ab Nsh - cutting height 100mm - max. cutting width 640mm - possibility of angled cutting in the vertical plane - arm adjustment or disc adjustment - arm rotation capability: right/left - motor 400V, 3kW - table dimensions 1600x950mm - dust extraction nozzle diameter 60, 100mm - dimensions (L/W/H) 1500x1600x1500mm - weight 240kg ADVANTAGES – Made in Italy – Unpainted – DTR documentation included – Very good condition – Used saw Net price: 9500 PLN Net price: 2209 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.30 EUR (Prices are subject to change due to exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Feller hot runner controller, 70-channel. Prepared for expansion to 80 channels! In excellent condition, sourced from a cleanroom injection molding facility in the medical technology sector. Ljdpszdu Hqjfx Ab Njah The original new price was over €20,000.

Year of construction: 1998, operating hours: 6,000 h, condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, Complete Technological Line for tomato paste production - 3-stage vacuum evaporators Professional industrial plant for the concentration of tomato juice and fruit juices. Manufactured by the experienced Bulgarian manufacturer Thermohran Engineering, this system is designed for high-quality production, preserving the organoleptic characteristics of the product through low-temperature vacuum evaporation. Technical Specifications: Manufacturer: Thermohran Engineering Ltd. (Bulgaria) Year of Construction: 1998 Material: High-grade Stainless Steel (Inox) System Type: 3-stage Vacuum Evaporator Components Included: * Main Evaporation Columns II.5. GENERAL LAYOUT DATA OF THE COMPLETE LINE Capacity (processed tomatoes) t/24h 150 Product capacity 28-30 oBrix kg/h 1 000 Steam consumption kg/h 4 000 Tap water consumption m3/h 10 Sealing water consumption m3/h 0.7 Electrical consumption kW/h 147 Water consumption t = 18 oC m3/h 78 t = 28 oC m3/h 195 Air consumption at P= 4 bar nm3/h 7 Mounting area m 6x40x6m Ljdpfx Abozfx Dve Njah (in the area of the evaporating installation the height must be 13 m) Complete Control Panel (Brix meter) Pumping Station (centrifugal pumps) External Cooling Tower / Heat Exchanger unit Applications: Enrichment of tomato juice (Double and Triple Concentrate). Fruit juice concentration.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, A multi-head weigher is a highly precise weighing system that weighs products on multiple load cells simultaneously. The ideal combination is calculated automatically, ensuring that the target weight is achieved with minimal deviation. Multi-head weighers are particularly suitable for bulk products. When combined with a vertical packaging machine, they provide a continuous, automated packaging process. Multi-head weighers reduce product loss through exact weight combinations and enable higher throughput rates, especially for expensive or sensitive products. In the picture, the 10-head precision weigher exemplifies the upgrade of product-contacting parts to stainless steel 316 and other upgrades. Features: - Available with 10-36 heads - Automatic frequency control of vibration for uniform and precise product distribution - Automatic zeroing during operation ensures better accuracy - Self-diagnosis alarm in a pop-up window for easy troubleshooting - For higher weights, a choice between single and multiple discharge is available - Software-controlled side discharge for non-conforming weights, thus avoiding film and product waste - Live display of individual amplitudes for precise monitoring and control of each vibrator - Live display of individual weight measurements - Central load cell input control replaces the photoelectric sensor - Forced discharge for frozen products prevents melting due to non-selection - Load cells from HBM - Memory space for programs based on parameter settings - As an option, the weigher is available as a waterproof system Laodpfx Ajw Ekh Nsb Neh Technical data: - Max. speed: 60 weighments per minute (wpm) - Weight: 430 kg - Weighing range: 10-5000 g - Accuracy: +/- 1.0-1.5 g - Hopper capacity: 1.3L, 2.5L, 4L & 5L - Control panel: 7" touchscreen - Drive system: Stepper motor - Level control: Load cell - Surface: Stainless steel, surface-treated, Teflon (modifications possible on request) - Material: Stainless steel 304 - Connection: 220V / 50Hz

Condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, Year of construction: 1994, machine/vehicle number: 7099, overall weight: 2,000 kg, total length: 5,600 mm, total width: 700 mm, total height: 1,600 mm, TRANSFLURID DB 2060 pipe bending machine - Bending capacity: 20 - 60 mm Lodpfoz Sprcox Ab Njah FCA D-35614 Aßlar - loaded onto a truck.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2021, Available in OEM version without manufacturer markings on the housing, or with markings. Price per unit; 15 units in stock (including OEM version – 13 units in stock). The Opto Engineering TC23144 is a professional bi-telecentric lens designed for use in machine vision systems, metrology, and precision measurement applications. Its bi-telecentric design ensures a constant magnification regardless of the object distance, minimizing perspective errors and image distortion. This makes the TC23144 model ideal for quality control systems, dimensional measurements, and automated industrial inspection. The lens is compatible with cameras equipped with sensors up to 2/3″ and offers a magnification of 0.061x and a C-mount. It is characterized by very high telecentricity, low distortion, and a large depth of field, which allows for repeatable and accurate measurement results, even in demanding industrial environments. Applications: - Machine vision systems, - Quality control and production inspection, - Industrial metrology, - Dimensional measurements, - Industrial automation, - Research and development (R&D) laboratories. Key parameters: Manufacturer: Opto Engineering Model: TC23144 Type: Bi-telecentric lens Maximum sensor size: 2/3″ Magnification: 0.061x Mount: C-Mount Working distance: 396 mm Working aperture: f/8 Telecentricity: < 0.05° Distortion: < 0.04% Laedpfx Ajzi S Ivsb Nsh Front diameter: 200 mm Weight: approx. 5.8 kg The device was used in applications related to vision systems and industrial measurements. If you have any questions or need further information, please send a message or contact us by phone.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 7866 TECHNICAL DATA - max. disc diameter 300mm - disc bore diameter 30mm - disc guard - cutting height with installed disc 250mm, 60mm - max. cutting width 600mm - possibility of angled cutting in the vertical plane - arm adjustment or disc adjustment - arm rotation possible: right/left - motor 3kW - table dimensions 1130x1010mm - dust extraction port diameter 50mm - dimensions L/W/H 1150x1190x1510mm - weight 220kg ADVANTAGES - Made in Italy - Unpainted - DTR documentation included - Very good condition - Used saw Net price: 6500 PLN Laedpfezkg H Nox Ab Noh Net price: 1512 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.30 EUR (Prices may vary due to significant exchange rate fluctuations)