Used Jmg Mc 650S for sale (4,364)

Condition: used, total length: 3,090 mm, Year of construction: 2024, load capacity: 4,500 kg, · Funkfernbedienung für alle Kran- und Auslegebewegungen. Falls vorhanden auch Bewegungen von hydraulischen Anbauteilen · Vorderachse Antrieb mit gegenläufiger Bewegung · abnehmbare Kontergewichte · proportional ausfahrbarer hydraulischer Ausleger · Vorderradantrieb Nr. 2 Elektromotoren AC 5 kW 48V. Isolationsklasse H · Abnehmbare Kontergewichte Kg. 1.145 Lhedszglt Topfx Anxjl · 48 V - 560Ah, 8 Arbeitsstunden · Reifen: Vorne: Nr.2 cushion 22x9x16”, Hinten: Nr.2 cushion 18x6x12” · Lenkung: über die Hinterachse, Lenkwinkel 90°/90° · Elektronische Lastbegrenzung · Automatisches Bremssystem an allen Rädern · Hergestellt aus vorgefertigten und verschweißten Stahlplatten · Auslegerwinkel +65°/-12° · Elektromotor 9 kW - 48 V AC, Isolationsklasse

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 130 h, load capacity: 13,000 kg, lifting height: 10,700 mm, mast type: telescopic, construction height: 1,990 mm, empty load weight: 14,460 kg, total length: 4,495 mm, drive type: Elektro, construction width: 1,850 mm, Pick & Carry Crane Mast type: Telescopic Condition: As good as new Technical condition: very good Lhjdpfx Anst Dfb Eexjl Front tires Type: Non Marking Front tires Condition: 80 - 100% Rear tires Type: Non Marking Rear tires Condition: 80 - 100% Fork carriage 8to LS 600, fork length 2,000 mm Radio remote control, mobile head, jib 8.5to, mechanical extension 5to, mechanical extension 3to, fork carriage 8to LS 600, fork length 2,000 mm

Condition: new, total length: 5,540 mm, Year of construction: 2023, load capacity: 18,000 kg, - Funkfernbedienung für alle Kran- und Auslegerbewegungen. Falls vorhanden auch Bewegungen von hydraulischen Anbauteilen - Vorderachse Antrieb mit Gegenläufer Bewegung - Abnehmbare Kontergewichte - Proportional ausfahrbarer hydraulischer Ausleger - Frontabstützungen - Vorderradantrieb Nr. 2 Elektromotoren AC 8,5 kW 80V. Isolationsklasse H - Eigengewicht 21.610 kg - Abnehmbare Kontergewichte 6.110 kg Lsdpsy Hxwbsfx Anxjhl - Batterie: 96 V - 1.035 Ah - Gewicht Batterie: 3030 kg - Reifen: Vorne: Nr.4 superelastich 355x50-20” / Hinten: Nr.2 superelastich 355x50-20 - Reifen Hersteller: Trelleborg - Farbe: grau - Lenkung: über die Hinterachse / Lenkwinkel 90°/90 - Elektronische Lastbegrenzung - Automatisches Bremssystem an allen Rädern - Hergestellt aus vorgefertigten und verschweißten Stahlplatte - Auslegerwinkel +65°/-6° - Elektromotor N° 2, 23 kW - 96 V AC, 16 kW - 96 V Isolationsklasse - Radstand: 3100 mm - Bodenfreiheit Mitte: 170 - Höhe Kabine: 2100 mm

Condition: excellent (used), power: 20 kW (27.19 HP), fuel type: electric, color: other, lifting height: 11,000 mm, mast type: telescopic, Year of construction: 2024, operating hours: 66 h, Drive: Wheel Empty weight: 19.800 kg Dimensions (LxBxH): 540 x 207 x 200 cm Lifting capacity: 16.000 kg CE mark: yes Technical condition: very good Visual appearance: very good = Additional options and accessories = - Beacon(s) - Lifting hooks - Work lamp(s) = Remarks = Ledpfx Aew I Hrbonxehl General Country of production: Italy Condition CE type: CE Remote control, Manual Jib

Condition: new, total length: 5,080 mm, Year of construction: 2026, load capacity: 9,430 kg, Crane Lhedpfx Ansy Rav Hsxjl JMG MC 50000TE Drive Electric Year built 2026 Lifting weight (kg) 9,430

Condition: used, empty load weight: 15,900 kg, lifting height: 11,500 mm, mast type: telescopic, Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 130 h, total length: 4,495 mm, construction height: 199 mm, fork length: 2,000 mm, fork carriage width: 1,700 mm, drive type: Elektro, load capacity: 8,000 kg, construction width: 1,850 mm, Rigid telescopic forklift Load center of gravity: 800 Fork width: 150 mm Fork thickness: 65 mm ISO class: Pin type Mast type: Telescopic Condition: As good as new Technical condition: Very good Front tires Type: Non Marking Front tires Condition: 80 - 100% Rear tires Type: Non Marking Rear tires Condition: 80 - 100% Lsdpfxst Eldps Anxjhl Fork positioner, remote control

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, load capacity: 13,000 kg, total length: 4,500 mm, - Antrieb: Vorderachse über zwei 8,5 kW 80V AC Elektromotoren, Isolationsklasse H. - Batterie: 80V – 900 Ah mit Lade- und Batteriefüllstandsanzeige. Arbeitszeit bis zu 8 reinen Kranstunden. - Bremsen: Automatisches Bremssystem wirkend auf alle Räder. - Rahmen: Gefertigt aus soliden Formteilen und verschweißten Qualitätsstahlplatten. - Reifen: Vorne no. 4 superelastisch 300x15” Hinten no. 2 superelastisch 200x15” Lsdpsztta Ujfx Anxehl - Ausleger: Gefertigt aus soliden Formteilen und verschweißten Qualitätsstahlplatten, Aufgebaut in 4 vollhydraulischen Teleskop-Elementen. Auslegerwinkel: +65°/-5°. - Hydrauliksystem: Angetrieben durch leise Zahnradpumpe (19kW), Isolationsklasse H - Hydraulikbedienung über Joystick und Hebel an der Funkfernsteuerung - Filter und Sicherheitsventile - maximaler Betriebsdruck 22MPa. - Lenkung: Über Hinterachse mit Elektromotor. Lenkeinschlag +90°/-90°. - Motorpumpe: Elektromotor 19kW 80 V AC, Isolationsklasse H. - L.M.I.: Elektronische Lastbegrenzung “CE Standard” - Mit Sicherheitsleuchten und folgenden Displayanzeigen: Angehobene Last, Maximal zu hebende Last, Prozentuelle Lastanzeige, Arbeitsradius, Auslegerwinkel, Gewähltes Programm. - Eigengewicht: 14.000 KG davon 4000 KG abnehmbares Kontergewicht. - Abnehmbare Kontergewichte: Entwickelt für schnelle De- und Remontage, um jederzeit die Boden- und Achsbelastungen zu optimieren. - Funkfernbedienung: Auf alle Kran- und Auslegerbewegungen. Falls vorhanden auch Bewegungen von hydraulischen Anbauteilen. - Kran Klassifizierung nach UNI ISO 4301 - 1: A3

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, load capacity: 15,000 kg, lifting height: 6,300 mm, total length: 6,430 mm, Electric forklift JMG MC 100.08 Drive Electric Year built 2026 Lifting height (mm) 6,300 Lifting weight (kg) 15,000 Lhodpfx Aeztgmzjnxel

Condition: new, total length: 6,430 mm, Year of construction: 2026, lifting height: 6,300 mm, load capacity: 15,000 kg, Crane JMG MC 100.08 Drive Electric Year built 2026 Lifting height (mm) 6,300 Lhjdpfjzribljx Anxjl Lifting weight (kg) 15,000

Condition: new, total length: 6,042 mm, Year of construction: 2024, load capacity: 40,000 kg, - Vorderachse Antrieb mit gegenläufiger Bewegung - proportional ausfahrbarer hydraulischer Ausleger Lhjdpfx Anez A Ic Hexol - Lenkung 180° über Hinterachse - abnehmbare Kontergewichte - maximale Tragkraft in kg 40.000 - Antrieb: Vorderradantrieb N°2 Elektromotoren AC 12 kW, 96V. Isolationsklasse H - Eigengewicht Kg. 33.500, Abnehmbare Kontergewichte Kg. 10.700 - Batterien: 96 V - 1395 Ah, 8 Arbeitsstunden - Vorne: n.4 cushion 840x350x559”, Hinten: n.4 superelastich 355/50-20” - Lenkung: über die Hinterachse Lenkwinkel 90°/90° - Elektronische Lastbegrenzung - Automatisches Bremssystem an allen Rädern - Hergestellt aus vorgefertigten und verschweißten Stahlplatten - Auslegerwinkel +65°/-3° - Elektropumpe: 1x35 kW - 96 V AC, 1x23 kW - 96 AC

Condition: used, load capacity: 5,000 kg, Crane JMG MC 15.08 Drive Electric Lhodpfx Anoz Eb T Doxsl Lifting weight (kg) 5,000

Condition: new, total length: 2,910 mm, Year of construction: 2025, load capacity: 2,500 kg, - Reifen: Solideal, Vollgummi grau, Typ Magnum - Reifengröße: vorne 18x7-8, hinten 15x4,5-8 - Radstand: 1635 mm - Bodenfreiheit Mitte: 70 - Proportional ausfahrbarer Ausleger - Vorderachse Antrieb mit gegenläufiger Bewegung - Mobile Kopf ( -70°/-35°/0°/+10°) - Struktur für Windflaschen und Haken an Bord - USB- Anschluss - Maximale Tragkraft 2500kg - Vorderradantrieb Nr. 2 Elektromotor AC 2 kW 24V. Isolationsklasse H - Abnehmbare Kontergewichte Kg. 750 - Batterie 24 V - 420 Ah 8 Arbeitsstunden - Antriebsräder: Vorne: Nr.2 superelastich 18x7-8” Hinten: Nr.2 superelastich 15x4 1/2-8” Lsdpfx Aoxpx Rwjnxshl - Lenkung: über die Hinterachse Lenkwinkel -90°/+90° - LMI - Elektronische Lastbegrenzung - Automatisches Bremssystem an allen Rädern - Auslegerwinkel +65°/-15° - Elektromotor 3 kW - 24 V AC, Isolationsklasse - Hergestellt aus vorgefertigten und verschweißten Stahlplatten - Gemeinschaftsrichtlinien 2006/42/CE- 2000/14/CE -2014/30 UE 2014/35/UE - D.Lgs 262/2002 und nachfolgende Änderungen

Condition: new, total length: 3,490 mm, Year of construction: 2025, load capacity: 15,000 kg, - Maximale Tragkraft 15.000 kg - Grundgewicht der Maschine 15.200 kg - Abnehmbare Kontergewichte 1.600 kg Z1 1.400 kg Z2 - L.M.I. Elektronische Lastbegrenzung - Modularität: Innovative Armwechsel- und Einrastfunktion ermöglicht vielfältige Konfigurationen. Nr. 3 verschiedene Armtypen: kurz - mittel - lang. - Vielseitigkeit: Abnehmbares Fahrgestell mit Lenkung, Ballast am Heck und Batteriefach an der Vorderseite. - Wirkungsgrad: Dank der Möglichkeit, je nach Bedarf einen von drei Auslegern zu montieren, kann der MC100.08 als Kran (10 t Tragfähigkeit) oder als Gabelstapler (14 t vertikal) eingesetzt werden. - Ausleger Auslegerwinkel -5° / +70° Ljdpoxpi R Ijfx Anxehl - Betriebsdauer 80V 608Ah, 8 Arbeitsstunden - Lenkung, Hinterachslenkung mit Lenkeinschlag -90°/+90° - Antriebsmotor Vorderachse 2x 7,5 kW AC - Bremsen Vorderachse2x 7,5 kW AC Antriebsmotorautomatisches elektro-mechanisches Bremssystem, Anhalten auf Rampe

Condition: new, total length: 4,400 mm, Year of construction: 2025, load capacity: 21,000 kg, - Maximale Tragkraft 21.000 kg Lhjdpfxox Ur Nme Anxsl - Grundgewicht der Maschine 23.500 kg - Abnehmbare Kontergewichte: 2.500 kg Z1 1.500 kg Z2 1.500 kg Z3 750 kg + 750 kg Z4 - L.M.I. Elektronische Lastbegrenzung - Frontabstützungen: Die Stabilisatoren sind an der Vorderseite angebracht und können im geöffneten Zustand zwei Positionen einnehmen. - Kompakte: Der hintere Ballast kann entfernt werden, um die Aufstandsfläche der Maschine um mehr als 400 mm zu verkürzen. - Kopf: Hydraulischer Kopf - Batterie: bis zu 8 Betriebsstunden, 96V 1085Ah - Motor: 45Kw AC, variable CC-Pumpen - Antrieb: Vorderradachse, 2x 12Kw AC - PLC: elektronischer Kippmomentbegrenzer - Hydraulische Bremsen: automatisches Bremssystem - Neigung: 0° bis 80° Kopf-5° bis 65° Ausleger

Year of construction: 2021, condition: used, Multi-blade saw CAN CUT MC 930 Year of manufacture: 2021 Technical specifications Ljdpfjzu St Ajx Anxehl Cutting width: 1,100 mm Max. cutting height: 50 mm Min. workpiece length: 650 mm Feed rate: 5-20 m/min Feed motor: 0.75 kW, 1,410 rpm Max. power consumption: 22 kW, 380 V Motor power: 30 hp Max. saw blade diameter: 250 mm Saw arbor diameter: 70 mm Saw blade speed: 3,500 rpm Max. number of saw blades: 15 pieces Working height: 900 mm Sound pressure level: 80 dB Automatic transport rollers: 3 pieces Rubber rollers between the saw blades to reduce vibrations when cutting MDF boards and wood.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2020, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: Zsk 119 mc+, type of input current: three-phase, total length: 11,000 mm, year of last overhaul: 2024, total width: 1,500 mm, total height: 1,500 mm, overall weight: 18,000 kg, Coperion extruder, 1200 hp (930 kW), 380 volts, 50 Hz. Designed for high-moisture extrusion (TVP or HMMA, high-moisture meat analogue), with an output of 1 to 10 tons/hour. Lhsdpfx Aszti Tksnxjl Screw diameter: 2 x 118 mm; ABB inverter for the 1200 hp motor; liquid dosing system; solid dosing system; control panel. Also available: Urchel cutting device and rotary IQF freezer. This extruder can also be used for dry or wet pet food. This equipment has very few operating hours.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, turning length: 730 mm, turning diameter: 400 mm, spindle bore: 66 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Lhodpfoz Ahybsx Anxsl Travel in X-axis: 240 mm Travel in Z-axis: 640 mm Turning length: 730 mm Turning diameter: 400 mm Spindle speed: 4,000 rpm Spindle bore: 66 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Siemens Machine weight, approx.: 5,500 kg EQUIPMENT Automatic tool changer (ATC) Tailstock Parts catcher

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, Niles N 40 MC - 6000 Turning/Milling Center, year of manufacture 2019, Siemens SI 840 D SL control, X/Z 850/6820 mm, Y axis -200 / +400 mm, B axis 0.001°, B axis swivel range -105° / +95°, tool changer with 192 positions, C axis main spindle 0.001°, spindle speed up to 1750 rpm, 2 gear stages, max. workpiece weight between chuck and tailstock 6,000 kg, drive power 87 kW, HSK 100 interface, steady rest 70 - 425 mm, tailstock. Lhsdpfx Anez Dgw Sexjl

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2019, functionality: fully functional, EMCO EMCOMAT FB-450 MC | DEMO | Sinumerik 828D | Warranty Description EMCO EMCOMAT FB-450 MC – DEMO machine in like-new condition Universal CNC toolroom milling machine equipped with a SIEMENS Sinumerik 828D control. The machine was manufactured in 2019 and has never been used in production. It was used solely as a demonstration machine and has very low operating hours. The machine is in excellent, near-new condition and is offered with extensive accessories included in the price. 6-month warranty on spare parts included. The EMCOMAT FB-450 MC is a highly versatile machine suitable for toolrooms, prototype production, maintenance departments, and precise single-part or small-batch production. It allows both vertical and horizontal milling. Technical specifications Working area X-axis travel: 450 mm Y-axis travel: 350 mm Z-axis travel: 400 mm Spindle center distance: 40–440 mm Rapid traverse X/Y/Z: 5,000 mm/min Working feed X/Y/Z: 10–5,000 mm/min Feed force X/Y/Z: 10 / 10 / 15 kN Lhedpfxez Dib Ts Anxol Table Clamping surface: 800 × 400 mm Maximum table load: 300 kg Spindle Spindle speed: 10–5,000 rpm Spindle power: 10 kW Tool interface: ISO 40 Machine CNC control: SIEMENS Sinumerik 828D Dimensions (L × W × H): 1,980 × 2,030 × 1,990 mm Machine weight: approx. 2,270 kg Year of manufacture: 2019 Included equipment SIEMENS Sinumerik 828D CNC control Electronic handwheel Rotary table/turntable for vice Support arm for horizontal milling Installation rubber pads Side storage holders for 27 milling tools Set of 12 ISO 40 milling tool holders, including holders for horizontal milling Machine manual 6-month warranty on spare parts Condition DEMO / LIKE NEW The machine has never been used in regular production and was operated only for demonstration purposes. Machine can be inspected and demonstrated under power by prior appointment. Available for delivery.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1989, functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 5,000 kg, We offer this used Mazak ST 35 ATC MC CNC turning and milling center, manufactured in 1989. CNC lathe, brand MAZAK, model ST 35, manufactured in 1989, self-weight of 5 tons, equipped with a MAZATROL model T32-3 control, a KITAGAWA brand chuck, model B-12A0815 with a maximum pressure of 327 PSI, a KITAGAWA brand hydraulic cylinder, model F2078HS15A with a maximum speed of 3,000 rpm, as well as an automatic chip removal system, all accompanied by various manuals. Voltage: 220 V Lsdpsz A Incefx Anxohl Frequency: 60 Hz Spindle power (rated): 26 hp Spindle power (continuous): 30 hp Machine serial number: 83298 Electrical diagram number: 112AAWA Main motor current: 102 A Full load current: 44 A Main switch current: 13/10 A Model: ST 35 ATC MC Serial number: 83496 Date of manufacture: June 1989 Weight: 5000 kg If you have any questions or need more information, please do not hesitate to send us a message or call us.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2011, turning length: 225 mm, turning diameter: 260 mm, travel distance X-axis: 170 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 335 mm, There are 2 more machines of the same design with identical equipment. Machine type: CNC lathe Manufacturer: Hwacheon Type: Cutex-160A MC Year of construction: 11/2011 Control: Fanuc 0i-TD Country of origin: Korea Delivery time: ex-stock >>Powered tools >>Turning and milling spindle >>Including tailstock >>Including bar loader magazine >>High productivity This CNC lathe is in good condition. Thanks to the basic and additional equipment, the machine has short indexing times for the turret and a high rapid traverse speed. The 3-axis machining and the additional turning and milling spindle allow workpieces to be processed in a versatile and efficient manner. The additional tailstock and the associated short bar loader magazine increase the productivity of the manufacturing process. An economically effective used machine for series production. Machine equipment Ljdpfez Azxwex Anxjhl Chip conveyor for side mounting and chip bucket Short bar loader magazine Interface for bar feeding device Workpiece collection tray (parts catcher) Turning and milling spindle Confirmation switch for chuck (open/close) C-axis indexing Powered tools Tailstock, adjustable Linear guides Technical data Performance Swinging diameter over bed: 550 mm Max. turning diameter: 260 mm Max. turning length: 225 mm Chuck size: 6" Spindle Spindle nose (ASA): A2-5 Max. spindle speed: 6000 rpm Spindle bore Ø: 56 mm Max. bar diameter: 45 mm Spindle motor: 15/7.5 kW Turret Turret number of stations: 12 positions Turret indexing time (s/stations): 0.15 Feed rates Rapid traverse X-axis: 36 m/min Rapid traverse Z-axis: 36 m/min Max. travel X-axis: 170 mm Max. travel Z-axis: 335 mm Feed motor X/Z: 3.0/1.8 kW Tailstock Arbor diameter: 60 mm Arbor stroke: 80 mm Taper bore/tailstock mounting: 4 MK Turning-milling spindle Spindle motor 3.7/2.2 kW Max. spindle speed: 5000 rpm Bar loader magazine Manufacturer: Fedek Machine Co. Type: DH-65 Min./max. bar length: 280/1200 mm Bar diameter: 5-65 mm Dimensions L x W x H: approx. 1620 x 620 (1200) x 1400 mm

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, spindle bore: 65 mm, spindle speed (max.): 5,000 rpm, total height: 2,300 mm, total length: 4,800 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, feed length X-axis: 280 mm, feed length Y-axis: 100 mm, feed length Z-axis: 900 mm, overall weight: 8,500 kg, The machine comes from a well-maintained company. Control system: 840D. Accessories as shown in the pictures. Lhedpfjz Dw Dpex Anxol

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, warranty duration: 12 months, MC100 – Capsule Loader / Filler Lhodpfx Asyktzusnxjl Semi-automatic filling machine model MC 100 for hard gelatin capsules with 100 holes, enabling the production of up to 3,200 capsules per hour. The machine consists of a loader and a filler, both mounted on a separate base. The machine is supplied complete, including a powder pressing device and an electromagnetic vibrator to ensure uniform distribution of powder into the capsules. The machine is equipped with one capsule format, selectable between sizes 00 – 0 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 4. On request, capsule sizes 000, 5 and DB Caps can also be supplied. Technical data: Single base Machine dimensions: 650 x 380 x 410 mm Net weight: 30 kg Electrical connection: 1 Ph. 230 V, 50 Hz.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2022, operating hours: 100 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 21O0400016-04, total height: 6,557,000 mm, total width: 2,450,000 mm, total length: 8,290,000 mm, type of input current: three-phase, input voltage: 380 V, power: 90 kW (122.37 HP), Equipment: CE marking, type plate available, The Mixer is a machine designed to blend materials of different consistencies, such as pruning residues and digestate, within the composting process. Feeding can be automatic via conveyor belts or manual using a loader operated by an operator. The machine is in nearly-new condition and can be applied in various fields; it can be inspected and tested, including with specific products. Lsdjw Tir Ijpfx Anxshl

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, For sale is a high-performance DIMECO LINAPUNCH MC-F CNC coil punching system for the automated processing of strip material directly from the coil. This system is particularly suitable for the economical production of perforated sheets, mounting plates, fastening rails, ventilation components, and customer-specific punched parts in medium to large quantities. Direct processing from the coil significantly reduces material consumption, setup times, and per-piece costs. The LINAPUNCH technology combines the flexibility of a CNC punching machine with the productivity of a continuous coil line. The system operates with standardized thick-turret tools and enables highly productive manufacturing processes. Technical data: Manufacturer: DIMECO Type: LINAPUNCH MC-F Machine type: CNC coil punching system / punching line Control: CNC, Siemens Simostar 370 Coil processing: Coil inner diameter: 508/610 mm Coil outer diameter max.: 1700 mm Coil weight max.: 6000 kg Strip width min./max.: 170 to 525 mm Material thickness: 0.4 to 3 mm Product length max.: 6000 mm Feed length programmable Servo-controlled NC strip feed Automatic strip guidance Punching technology: Punching force: approx. 20 t Multi-axis punching system (X/Y axis) Programmable punching stroke Auto-index function Multi-index function Tool holder for standard thick-turret tools Number of punches: 26 pieces Number of punching heads: 1 piece Number of revolving tool stations: 2 Consisting of: Coil unwinder Leveling unit NC feed LINAPUNCH MC-F punching head Shear Ink marking unit Drop table stacker 2 lifting tables Control panel with CNC control Safety enclosure Application areas: Electrical industry Lhodpfxezmv Dvs Anxjl Switchgear construction Ventilation and air conditioning technology Metalworking Profile and component manufacturing Series production from coil material EXW, assistance can be provided with dismantling and loading.