Used Hob for sale (319)

Condition: used, Horizontal Gear Hobbing Machine WMW MODUL ZFWZ 1250/3 Year of manufacture: 1982 Control: conventional Country of origin: Germany Max. gear diameter: 1250 mm Gear width: 600 mm Module – max.: 16 Module – min.: 2 Gjdpfswxxxcjx Abvetw Cutter diameter: 240 x 280 mm Table clamping surface: 1020 mm Speed range: 28 – 200 rpm Axial feeds: 0.28 – 8 mm/min Radial feeds: 0.1 – 2 mm/min Tangential feeds: 0.16 – 4 mm/min Swivel range of milling slide - L/R: +/- 45° Rapid traverse motor: 12.5 kW Voltage: 380 V Frequency: 50 Hz Total power requirement: 5/19.5 kW

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, wheel diameter: 130 mm, workpiece height (max.): 170 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Control: Sinumerik 840D Tip diameter: 80 mm Toothed length: 170 mm Overall length of hob cutter: 245 mm Collet diameter: 32 mm Tool speed: 300 - 3000 rpm Gear diameter: max. 130 mm Gear width: 170 mm Module: 0.5 - 3 Gtsdjv I Tmuspfx Abvjw Slide travel radial / tangential / axial: 200 / 170 / 250 mm Milling head swivel angle: ± 45° Workpiece table: Ø 168.14 mm Bore: 65.532 mm Table speed: 0 - 1000 rpm Table bore: 65.532 mm Feed X/Z: 1 - 6000 mm/min Rapid traverse X, Z / Y: 6 / 5 m/min MACHINE DETAILS Total power requirement: 48 kVA Operating voltage: 3 x 400 V, 50 Hz Machine weight: approx. 9 t Space requirement: approx. 7.64 x 3.14 x 3.25 m

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, table diameter: 132 mm, wheel diameter: 130 mm, spindle speed (max.): 3,500 rpm, tool diameter: 80 mm, swivel angle A-axis (min.): -40 °, swivel angle A-axis (max.): 40 °, Gear Hobbing Machine - Vertical SAMPUTENSILI S130 CNC Module Well-maintained CNC vertical gear hobbing machine for shafts and gears with tailstock Also suitable for hard milling (good for steering pinions) TECHNICAL DETAILS Control type: CNC Gedpfxswmb Nyj Abvjtw Control name: Sinumeric 840C Gear diameter: max. 130 mm Module: max. 3 Total power requirement: 15 kW Machine weight: approx. 6 t Space required: approx. 2.3 m x 2.5 m x 2.17 m Rapid traverse radial, axial: 10,000 mm/min Rapid traverse tangential: 7,500 mm/min Max. gear diameter: 130 mm Max. module: 3 mm Tangential slide travel: 200 mm Radial Sliding travel: 10/100 mm Axial slide travel: 300/200 mm Milling head speed: 250-3500 rpm Milling head: Tiltable up to ± 40° Tool diameter: 80 mm Tool length: max. 240 mm Table speeds: 5-1000 rpm Milling spindle drive: 15 kW Feed range: 0.1-2000 mm/min Table diameter: 132 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control: Sinumerik 840 C Connected load: 40 kVA Motor power: 15 kW Weight: 6 t Dimensions: 2300 x 2500 x 2170 mm EQUIPMENT - Hydraulic workpiece clamping - Automatic loading system - Magnetic Chip conveyor

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2005, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1443, table diameter: 180 mm, gear diameter: 200 mm, milling spindle length: 230 mm, spindle speed (max.): 750 rpm, swivel angle A-axis (min.): -45 °, swivel angle A-axis (max.): 45 °, TECHNICAL DETAILS Max. workpiece diameter: 200 mm Table diameter: 180 mm Max. table speed: 100 rpm Center distance: 15 - 400 mm Machine column Max. axial travel: 600 mm Milling head swivel device Milling head swivel angle: ± 45 degrees Milling head Drive power: 27 kW Max. module: 7 mm Max. cutter speed: 750 rpm Max. cutter diameter: 160 mm Max. cutter length: 230 mm Max. tangential travel: 200 mm Max. tangential speed: 3,000 mm/min Gtodpsw T Ry Tofx Abvjw Counter column Max. counter support travel: 540 mm Max. counter support rapid traverse: 15,000 mm/min Max. counter support arm force: 13 kN MACHINE DETAILS Approximate total weight: 15,000 kg Ambient temperature: 15 - 38 °C Operating voltage (tolerance +/- 10%): 400 V Operating frequency (tolerance +/- 2%): 50 Hz Control voltage: 24 V DC Hydraulics Hydraulic oil: HLP 46 Max. operating pressure: 70 bar Pump flow rate: 24 l/min Hydraulic volume in hydraulic reservoir approx.: 7 l Max. average noise level: 82 dB(A)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 0315, workpiece weight (max.): 15 kg, wheel diameter: 80 mm, milling length: 220 mm, workpiece length (max.): 450 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Max. workpiece diameter: 80 mm Workpiece weight: 15 kg Workpiece length: -50 mm - 450 mm Machining Max. nominal module for steel: 3 mm Max. milling stroke: 250 mm Max. shift travel: 180 mm Table diameter: 145 mm Table speed: 150 rpm Milling head swivel angle: ±45 degrees Cutter-workpiece center distance: 10 mm - 200 mm Milling unit Cutter diameter: 90 mm Cutter length: max. 220 mm Cutter speeds: 1,000 rpm Milling spindle drive power: 15 / 23 kW Table drive power: 5.8 / 19.0 kW MACHINE DETAILS Weight of the machine with counterweight: 10,000 kg Gtedpfx Aewmbnpebvow Total connected load: 25–35 kVA

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 28 958, travel distance X-axis: 100 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 160 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Maximum permissible pitch circle diameter: 80 mm Maximum gear length: 170 mm Total length: 240 mm Mounting diameter: 32 mm Radial slide travel (X-axis): 100 mm Gtjdow T Rz Dopfx Abvsw Tangential slide travel (Y-axis): 160 mm Axial movement Z-axis: 300 mm/min Workpiece spindle - bore: 45 mm MACHINE DETAILS Approx. machine weight: 7,000 kg Approx. dimensions (LxWxH): 9,130 x 3,895 x 3,450 mm Voltage: 400 V Frequency: 50 Hz Connected load: 45 kVA

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1999, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1130, table diameter: 250 mm, wheel diameter: 280 mm, spindle speed (max.): 1,500 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Max. wheel diameter: 280 mm Max. module: 7 Table speed range: 100 rpm Table diameter: 250 mm Centre distance: 15 - 285 mm Max. axial travel: 350 mm Milling Head Drive power: 16 kW Min. number of teeth: 4 Cutter speeds: 1,500 rpm Max. cutter diameter: 160 mm Max. cutter length: 230 mm Tangential travel: 200 mm Tangential speed: 3,000 mm/min Swivel angle: ± 45° MACHINE DETAILS Approx. machine weight: 13,000 kg Supply voltage: 400 V Gtsdpfx Ajw T R Ahjbvsw Mains frequency: 50 Hz Connected load: 35 kVA

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, gear diameter: 180 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 300 mm, shaft length: 640 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Wheel diameter - max.: 180 mm Module - max.: 4 Carriage travel axial (Z-axis): 300 mm Shaft length - max.: 490-640 mm Y-axis travel: 33 - 193 mm Gtodpfx Abow T R Abovsw MACHINE DETAILS Total power requirement: 14 kW Machine weight: 8 t Workpiece counter: 886,067 pieces

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 1719, wheel diameter: 280 mm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Max. wheel diameter: 280 mm Max. module: 7 Godpfx Aow T R Ausbvetw MACHINE DETAILS Machine weight: 13 t Operating voltage: 400 V Control voltage: 24 V DC

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, grinding diameter 160 mm dist. between centers 645 mm centre height 320 mm Gtodpfx Abjxxbzdjvew control SIN 840D turning speeds 27.000 U/min x-axis 550 mm y-axis 235 mm z-axis 300 mm A - axis 360 ° C-axis 270 ° total power requirement 20 kW

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1983, pressure 630 t diameter 320 mm Gtjdpfx Abjxvdr Hsvow stroke 310 mm weight of the machine ca. 3500 t

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1955, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: M42L/8940, Offer Number: M42L/8940 Machinetype: hobbing press Make: SACK & KIESSELBACH Type: 1000 Constr. year: 1955 press power: 1000 to clear width: 585 mm Gjdjwi Tdbepfx Abvotw daylight: 410 mm stroke: 380 mm table size: 0/ 700 mm Location: In our warehouse

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, control Siemens Sinumerik 840 D weight 57.000 kg voltage 400 V Gleason PFAUTER CNC gear hobbing machine P 2400/2800 for gear cutting of cylindrical and worm gears as well as all other regularly occurring rollable profiles and shapes on the cylindrical workpiece circumference. Large gear hobbing machines from Gleason offer maximum productivity for roughing and finishing cylindrical gears for many industries: wind turbines, industrial gearboxes, mining and shipbuilding, gear machining and many more. The power range of the drive takes future tool developments into account. Of course, the gear hobbing head drive is also backlash-free. These machines are particularly well suited for use with state-of-the-art, cutting materials, regardless of whether dry or wet machining is preferred. The machine can be used for dry or wet machining and is also equipped with the appropriate chip conveyor for both machining methods. The machine is equipped with an internal profile milling head as a motorised milling head. --> Working range and technical data Nominal workpiece diameter: 2.400 mm --> Largest millable diameter approx.: 2.800 mm --> Smallest/largest distance between cutter and workpiece axis: 100/1.200 mm --> Largest axial slide travel (special design): 1.300 mm --> Largest clampable cutter (internal milling head): --> Diameter max: 440 mm --> Max. cutter width: 90 mm --> Swivel range of the internal profile milling head/vertical axis: +/- 15° --> Milling mandrel taper: HSK-B160 --> Maximum milling cutter travel: 300 mm --> Table diameter: 2.500 mm --> Part wheel diameter: 2.200 mm --> Table bore --> Diameter: 800 mm --> Depth: 875 mm --> Maximum table load approx.: 40.000 kg --> Max. feed and rapid traverse speeds: --> axial (Z-axis): 4.000 mm/min --> radial (X-axis): 3.000 mm/min --> tangential (Y-axis): 3.000 mm/min --> Milling cutter cooling lubrication device/electric centrifugal pump: approx. 150 l/min --> Increased drop height of magnetic chip conveyor: 1,600 mm --> Increased main stand: 1,300 mm axial slide travel --> Internal profile milling head as motor milling head instead of standard motor milling head --> Max. millable profile depth in steel with approx. 600 N/mm² strength: Gtodswzyp Ijpfx Abvew approx. 65 mm --> Infinitely variable milling speed: 50 - 150 min?¹ --> Max. milling cutter diameter: 440 mm --> Min. milling cutter base circle diameter: 310 mm --> Max. milling cutter width: 90 mm --> Min. internal diameter at 0° bevel angle: 800 mm+) --> Max. workpiece height at 0° bevel angle: 600 mm --> Max. workpiece ring thickness (including clamping device): 500 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, control Siemens 840D Gtedpfx Aewzypnsbvew

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1992, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 27498, feed length X-axis: 230 mm, feed length Y-axis: 170 mm, feed length Z-axis: 400 mm, gear diameter: 130 mm, spindle speed (max.): 1,200 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Gear diameter: max. 130 mm Gear width: 400 mm Module: 0.5 - 3 Gsdpfxswc Tduj Abvetw Clamping length: max. 1,160 mm Work spindle swivel angle: ± 45° Tool change swivel angle: 90° Workpiece Largest module (in steel with approximately 600 N/mm²): 4 Largest swing diameter (not millable): 480 Smallest number of millable teeth: 3 Tool Largest hob diameter: 130 mm Largest cutter length (depending on cutter arbor diameter): 220 mm Cutter arbor diameter: 16 / 22 / 27 / 32 mm Cutter arbor taper: ISO Workpiece spindle – WS External turning range: 160 mm Bore: 63 mm Tailstock – RT Motorized travel (W-axis): 750 mm Quill stroke (hydraulic): 90 mm Axis travels X-travel: 230 mm Y-travel: 170 mm Z-travel: 400 mm Spindle Cutter speed (infinitely variable): 300 – 1,200 rpm Workpiece spindle speed range: 1 – 125 rpm Control system Control system: Bosch CC 220 MACHINE DETAILS Total power requirement: 52 kW Machine weight: approx. 7.5 t Machine dimensions: approx. 4,800 × 3,800 × 2,500 mm Space required: 7.3 x 5.3 x 4.3 m Operating voltage: 380 V Control voltage: 220 V V Frequency: 50 Hz Machine power consumption: approx. 56 kVA EQUIPMENT - Bosch CC 220 CNC control - Continuously variable cutter speed control - Large travel range in all axes - High flexibility thanks to a wide range of modules

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1991, weight of the machine ca. ca. 6 t The design of the basic machine is characterised by the following features: - horizontal position of the workpiece spindle; vertical position of the milling spindle or milling head of the milling head - The workpiece is held between the workpiece headstock (left) and the tailstock (right). - the radial slide is mounted on the base (X-axis) - the axial slide moves on the radial slide (Z-axis) - the shift milling head is equipped with an automatic angle adjustment (A-axis); the shift slide (Y-axis) moves diagonally to the workpiece diameter - CNC controlled - IBH control - loading device - Many accessories Technical data: - largest milling module with hobs according to DIN 8002: 4.5 mm - largest milling module for high-performance milling: 3.0 mm - Number of teeth: 2 - 999 - max. workpiece diameter for manual loading: 200 mm - max. workpiece diameter for automatic loading: 150 mm - maximum workpiece length: 400 mm - largest / smallest milling cutter diameter: 102/40 mm - maximum cutter length: 230 mm - largest / smallest milling arbor diameter (standard): 32/16 mm - Axial slide path = largest milling length Z-axis: 300 mm - Radial slide path X-axis: 140 mm - Milling cutter shift path Y-axis: 100 mm - Milling stock path W-axis: 420 mm - Swivelling angle of shift milling head (left/right) A-axis: 50°/60° Milling coordinates: - Z-axis: 100 - 400 mm - X-axis: 1ß0 - 150 mm - Y-axis (end face of milling spindle): 50 - 230 mm - W-axis (face of tailstock spindle): 165 - 585 mm - Milling cutter speed range standard B-axis: 0 - 1500 rpm - Workpiece speed C-axis: 0 - 350 rpm Feed speeds: - X-axis: 3500 mm/min - Z-axis: 3500 mm/min - Y-axis: 4000 mm/min Gtjdpfx Aoub Amfobvow - W-axis: 5500 mm/min - V-axis (gantry loader): 80000 mm/min

Condition: good (used), amount ca. 103 STK Various gear shaping tools (approx. 103 pcs.) Make: Lorenz/Liebherr/PWS/Deltal etc. Various gear shaping tools (approx. 103 pcs.) in different sizes and modules. an: - Disc cutting wheels with and without staircase grinding - Bell cutting wheels with and without step grinding Gjdpfx Ajw Ny Tbsbvetw - Shank cutting wheels Year of manufacture: unknown

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1969, max. wheel diameter 160 mm gear width 355 mm max. module 4,5 min. module 0,5 centre distance 450 mm total power requirement 11 kW weight of the machine ca. 3,8 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2x17,1,6 m Wheel diameter - max. 160.175 mm Wheel width 355 mm Module - max. 4.5 Spindle bore 75 mm Center distance 410 mm Number of teeth - min. 2, 3 Cutter diameter max. 115 mm Gedpfx Abjvz Ec Iovstw Cutter length max. 105 mm Center distance between milling cutter and workpiece - max. 138 mm Center distance between milling cutter and workpiece - min. 30 mm Milling head - swivels 120 ° Milling cutter speeds 70 - 400 rpm Axial feeds 0.25 - 4.0 mm/rev Radial feeds 0.09 - 1.5 mm/rev Total power requirement approx. 9.5 kW Machine weight approx. 3.5 t Space requirement approx. 1730x1400x1440 mm Equipment/accessories: - Changing wheels - milling arbors - Clamping device Dra8M7 - documentation

Condition: good (used), max. wheel diameter 630 mm gear width 375 mm max. module 10 clamping table 550 mm table hole 125 mm milling spindle speeds infinitely variable 62 - 390 U/min taper MORSE 5 axial-feeds 0,40 - 6,80 mm/U radial feeds 0,10 - 1,76 mm/U dist. cutter spindle - workpiece spindle 50 - 425 mm no. of teeth min. 8 milling cutter dia. x width 192 / 215 mm Gtsdpfoua It Uex Abvsw shifting 200 mm main drive motor 7,5 kW total power requirement 21 kVa weight of the machine ca. 8,2 t Equipment of the machine: - Universal milling head with tangential displacement - Pressure reducing valve for counterholder - Magnetic chip transport - Year of construction approx. 1976

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1989, max. wheel diameter 400 mm gear width 275 mm max. module 6 Overall size 300x330x245 cm weight of the machine ca. 5,5 t Specification: Max wheel diameter: 400 mm Min module: 1 Max module: 6 Gtsdpfxeu A I Els Abvew Table diameter: 370 mm Max wheel diameter: -With counterstay: 340 mm -Without counterstay: 400 mm Max axial offset: 275 mm Max tangential adjustment: 100 mm Tooth helical angle: 45 degrees Max cutter diameter: 145 mm Max hobbing length: 170 mm Hob turning speeds capacity: 63-180 U/min Feeds infinitely variable axial: 0,2-10 mm/U Feeds infinitely variable tangential: 0,1-5 mm/U Radial for spur gears: 0,1-4 mm/U Radial for worm gears: 0,025-1 mm/U Rapid traverse axial: 500 mm/min Rapid traverse tangential: 250 mm/min Radial for spur gears: 400 mm/U Radial for worm gears: 100 mm/U Motor power: 7.4 kW

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, workpiece weight (max.): 3 kg, feed length X-axis: 100 mm, feed length Y-axis: 100 mm, feed length Z-axis: 200 mm, workpiece diameter (max.): 180 mm, milling length: 200 mm, overall weight: 5,000 kg, rotational speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, rotational speed (min.): 400 rpm, tool diameter: 80 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, This machine is completely dismantled and rebuilt from the ground up. During the overhaul, it undergoes comprehensive modernization with state-of-the-art technology and the latest premium-quality components. Following refurbishment, the machine is presented in a technical and visual condition equivalent to new – reliable, high-performance, and future-proof. Gtsdpfex Af A Hjx Abvsw The equipment and configuration can be tailored individually to your requirements, ensuring maximum productivity in your production environment.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, wheel width: 800 mm, module 1-6 Gedoxhck Sspfx Abvstw diameter max 600mm digital reading Complete machine with documentation, tool holders, change gears,...

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1985, max. wheel diameter 80 mm gear width 150 mm max. module 2,5 min. module total power requirement 10 kW weight of the machine ca. 2400 kg M I K R O N (Switzerland) Fully Automatic Gear Hobber for Worm Gears Model A 33 / 1 Year 1985 Ser.-No. 14.06/14.07/14.15 _____ max. gear- without feed magazine approx. 80 mm max. gear- with feed magazine approx. 50 mm Module max. 2, / 2,5 Axial milling length approx. 150 mm max. workpiece-mounting length approx. 200 mm Milling slide can be swivelled up to 90 degrees Milling cutter - 24 - 50/63 mm Max. radial distance of milling slide 0-14/18 mm Milling cutter adjustment max. 25 mm Milling cutter speed 212 - 2.000 rpm Axial feed range infinitely adjustable 0,05 - 4,0 mm/workpiece rotation radial infinitely adjustable 0,2 - 200 mm/min. Milling spindle drive 3 kW Gjdpfx Aot Hw D Robvstw Total electrical load approx. 10 kW - 50 Hz - 380 Volt Weight approx. 2.400 kg Accessories/Special Features: " Fully automatic operation cycle and minimum idle times due to programmable SIEMENS Program Controls S 5 for all machining steps i.e. rapid gear, feed, milling cutter on/off for the loading device, tailstock, possibly shifting, etc. with unit counter, program numbering including 30 different numeric error displays Pneumatic workpiece-loading and unloading facility parallel to work piece axis upright for rod workpieces approx. 140 mm long x 8 mm , including pneumatic double gripper for loading and unloading of work pieces. Raw parts are inserted into change cassettes externally and then placed into the loading device. The double gripper places the parts between workpiece spindle and tailstock, the tailstock spindle sleeve pushes the parts in the main spindle collet and clamps them simultaneously. The finished parts are ejected from the main spindle, then placed back again into the finished parts cassette by the gripper. The whole process is electrically monitored and checked. The complete loading facility is encased by plexiglass. " Hydraulic work piece clamping device including collets and hydraulic ejector " separate cooling system with magnetic separator * separate hydraulic system * various change gears This machine is set up for worm gears/armature shafts that can be used for adjustable car seats, window lifters, etc.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1977, max. wheel diameter 400 mm gear width 280 mm max. module 1 Gjdpfxet Hw Hxo Abvotw min. module 4 total power requirement 15 kW weight of the machine ca. 6000 kg dimensions of the machine ca. m

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, max. wheel diameter 80 mm gear width 120 mm max. module 3 min. module 1 control SIEMENS 840 C total power requirement 30 kW weight of the machine ca. 7500 t dimensions of the machine ca. m L I E B H E R R CNC – Controlled Gear Hobbing Machine Type LC 82 Baujahr 1995 Ser.-Nr. 0836 _____ Gear-Diam. max. 80 mm Module Range 1 - 3 Helix Angle +/- 45 ° Distance Table Center to Tool Center 15 – 160 mm Hobbing Head Slide stroke vertical 250 mm Tangential Travel / Shift Travel of Tool slide 180 mm Minimum Number of Teeth 3 (!) Hob Size max. Ø x length approx. 90 - 200 mm Taper of Hob spindle HSK 50 A Workpiece Clamping length (table/Tailstock) 250 mm Infeed rates axial/radial/tangential/ 20/4/5/ mm/WP rev. Hob speed steplessly adjustable 0 – 800 rpm Hob Spindle Drive 8 kW - Total Load approx. 30 kW - 400 V – 50 Hz Total weight of Machine approx. 7.500 kg Special attachments / accessories: • SIEMENS - CNC-Control Model 840 C for 6 axis (i.e. Hob drive/table drive/ swivel angle of hob head/ Radial axis/Axial Axis/ Tangential Axis ) with a surface especially designed for the gear manufacturing with error display function. • Automatic and contactless tooth meshing device to adjust the hob into Gtodpfx Abet Hw R Dovew workpiece. • Automatic Shifting of hob slide. • Automatic Workpiece handling system Model SSL for high speed loading and unloading of Workpieces, consisting of a steel chain3,, for workpiece carriers and 3-fold WP-Gripper for blanks, for the machining position and for unloading of finished parts onto the steel band. Actual Workpiece size to be machined: approx.. Ø 30 x 120 mm length, helix gear sprocket. Clamping of workpiece between centers by a mechanical, cam controlled quill in tailstock. • complete workarea protection with one sliding door, chip conveyor, small coolant device, oil dust Absorber, WP Carrier, etc. The Machine can be also used for dry cutting. Condition : Satisfactory to Good . Machine can be inspected under power here in stock. Delivery : Ex stock, as inspected. Payment : Net, after conclusion of contract.