Used Sinker Edm Machine for sale (65,701)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, machine/vehicle number: 8.2259/355138, This Charmilles Technology wire erosion machine is being auctioned off online as part of our industrial auction / machine auction follow-up auction by J&S GmbH Automotive Technology - Machine Park. Gedpfx Aszyf R Eeayskb You can find this and many other items on our platform.

Condition: used, Mitsubishi Wire EDM Machine, Spark Erosion Machine, Mitsubishi DWC 150 SZ, Used Machine Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Type: DWC 150 SZ Year of Manufacture: 1994 Overall Dimensions (Main Unit): Width: 1860 mm Depth: 2050 mm Height: 2400 mm Gksdpfxsyxfqre Aayob Electrical Data: 400V; 21.5A Weight: 3500 kg Water Tank Size: 750 x 780 mm Electrical Cabinet Dimensions: Width: 1150 mm Depth: 2700 mm Height: 1050 mm Wire Feeder Unit Dimensions: Width: 320 mm Depth: 580 mm Height: 1380 mm Transformer Dimensions: Width: 510 mm Depth: 590 mm Height: 640 mm Water Treatment System Dimensions: Width: 1320 mm Depth: 1460 mm Height: 1360 mm Condition: Untested, sold in "as-is" condition. The machine is available for sale with the accessories and in the aesthetic condition shown in the photos.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Two identical machines are available. Connected load: 32kW, length: 3500mm, width: 2400mm, height: 2400mm, weight: 3t. On-site inspection is possible. Gsdpfxouyk Rlj Aayskb

Condition: ready for operation (used), Travel X/Y/Z/U/V: 400mm/250mm/400mm/400mm/250mm, max. workpiece dimensions X/Y/Z: 850mm/500mm/400mm, wire diameter: 0.1mm-0.3mm, max. table load: 1000kg, power requirement: 10kVA. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 1800mm/1600mm/2230mm, weight: approx. 2800kg. On-site inspection is possible. Gksdpsuqackefx Aayob

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, machine/vehicle number: 22406695, travel distance X-axis: 992 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 807 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 561 mm, workpiece length (max.): 1,260 mm, workpiece width (max.): 1,060 mm, workpiece height (max.): 550 mm, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, We are offering this used AEG Elotherm P1 sinker EDM machine, year of manufacture 1998. Type: P1 Serial number: 22406695 Order number: 704.1177 Voltage: 400 V Current: A Frequency: 50 Hz Gkedpfeypln Dex Aaysb Switch-off method: Plan: Year of manufacture: 1998 If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to send us a message or give us a call.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, turning diameter over cross slide: 272 mm, turning length: 1,250 mm, turning diameter: 470 mm, spindle bore: 80 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 50 rpm, travel distance X-axis: 1,250 mm, rotational speed (min.): 50 rpm, rotational speed (max.): 2,500 rpm, total height: 1,850 mm, total length: 2,700 mm, total width: 1,350 mm, type of input current: three-phase, overall weight: 2,300 kg, XYZ Proturn CNC/Manual Lathe Model: Proturn 410 Control: Proto Trak LX2 Swing Over Bed: 470mm Swing In Gap: 730mm Swing Over Cros Slide: 272mm Distance Between Centres: 1250mm Spindle Speeds: 50-2500 RPM Spindle Bore: 80mm Gjdpozux Iyefx Aayokb Machine With: 300mm 3 Jaw Chuck Quick Change Toolpost with Holders Dimensions: 2700 x 1350 x 1850mm high Weight: 2300 Kgs

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2012, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 591.063.050.0035, workpiece weight (max.): 1,500 kg, travel distance X-axis: 550 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 350 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, table width: 600 mm, overall weight: 2,850 kg, table length: 900 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, Professional Wire EDM Machine AgieCharmilles CUT 300 (2012) Premium wire electrical discharge machining center from GF AgieCharmilles, ideal for precision manufacturing, tool & die making, and aerospace applications. Gjdpfswwq S Ssx Aayekb

Condition: good (used), Fountain industrial bagging machine, suitable for the automated weighing and packing of fresh produce and other food products into bags. Gjdpfszzzm Eex Aayekb Designed for use within a commercial food-processing/packing environment and suitable for integration with an upstream weighing or feeding system.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2020, operating hours: 13,800 h, functionality: fully functional, workpiece weight (max.): 5,000 kg, travel distance X-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 600 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 600 mm, total height: 2,740 mm, total length: 3,600 mm, total width: 3,900 mm, wire diameter (max.): 0.3 mm, workpiece height (max.): 595 mm, workpiece width (max.): 1,330 mm, workpiece length (max.): 990 mm, overall weight: 8,500 kg, For sale is a demonstration unit: Accutex AU860iA Max. workpiece size (L x W x H, mm): 1330 x 990 x 395 Max. workpiece weight (kg): 5,000 X/Y/Z travel (mm): 800 x 600 x 400 (optional Z600) U/V travel (mm): 150 x 150 Wire spool weight (kg): 16 Gsdpfsxnx Itsx Aayekb Machine dimensions (W x D x H, mm): 3900 x 3600 x 2740 Machine weight (kg): 8,400 Water system capacity (l): Main tank: 2420 (Z400); Side + Main tank: 1630+1280 (Z600)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 591.063.002.0050, travel distance X-axis: 550 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 350 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, table width: 600 mm, overall weight: 2,850 kg, table length: 900 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, The AgieCharmilles CUT 300 Sp is a high-performance and versatile wire EDM, ideal for precision manufacturing of molds, prototypes, and complex components, offering: * extensive spatial travels Gksdpfxjwwrk Ns Aayeb * large dielectric capacity * ability for taper cutting * robust CNC control system.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2011, machine/vehicle number: MA10110002, functionality: fully functional, SPECIFICATION Drilling capacity in mild steel 18mm Motor 0.45kW 415 volt Spindle 2MT Drive Belt, stepped pulleys Gkedozmuntspfx Aayob Spindle speeds rpm 50Hz 400-700-1200-2100-3600 Spindle travel 75mm Throat depth 185mm Column diameter 70mm Table -working surface 250 x 164mm Table – slots width & centres 13 x 125mm Base – overall 240 x 360mm Max. distance chuck to table 330mm Overall height 865mm Overall width 280mm Overall depth 600mm Approx. Nett weight 77Kg Machine equipped with Chuck guard Table adjustment by rack Drill chuck

Year of construction: 2002, condition: ready for operation (used), Travel X/Y/Z: 350mm/250mm/256mm, travel U/V: +/-70mm, max. taper angle: 30°, max. height: 100mm, rapid traverse: 900mm/min, max. workpiece dimensions X/Y/Z: 750mm/550mm/150mm, max. workpiece weight: 200kg, max. threading height: 250mm, wire tension: 25N. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 1650mm/2050mm/2250mm, weight: approx. 2600kg, control: Agievision. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Gjdpfx Aajy N Uwijyekb

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 350 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 350 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 400 kg, controller model: AGIEMATIC T, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel in X-axis: 350 mm Travel in Y-axis: 250 mm Travel in Z-axis: 350 mm Rapid traverse: approx. 720 mm/min Axes: 4 (X, Y, Z, C) Working area Table size: 600 × 450 mm Workpiece dimensions max.: approx. 860 × 620 × 350 mm Workpiece weight max.: 400 kg Electrode weight max.: 100 kg Working tank (internal): approx. 830 × 590 × 350 mm Distance from table to quill: 170 – 520 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control system: AGIEMATIC T Generator: AGIEPULS 60 Power connection: 400 V / 50 Hz Dimensions & weight Gksdpfx Ajzpypnjayob Dimensions (L x W x H): approx. 3,000 × 1,700 × 2,580 mm Machine weight: approx. 2,550 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Professional portable EDM (Electrical Discharge Machine) from the renowned German manufacturer Waldmann + Weigel, model EROMOBIL ER 400T. This machine is designed for precise removal of broken bolts, threads, drills, as well as for EDM drilling operations. Ideal for workshops, toolmaking facilities, and maintenance departments. Mobile set – mounted on a transport trolley with pump and cooling system. — Technical specifications: • Manufacturer: Waldmann + Weigel GmbH • Model: EROMOBIL ER 400T • Year of manufacture: 1993 • Power supply: 400V • Frequency: 50 Hz • Power: 6 kVA • Current: 16 A • Adjustable erosion voltage • Integrated dielectric pump — Applications: • Removal of broken bolts and threads • EDM hole drilling • Machining of hardened materials • Service and production tasks — Equipment: • Working head • Control unit • Pump + fluid reservoir • Cables • Set of electrodes (as shown in the photos) • Transport trolley — Condition: Used, in working order. Shows normal signs of use (visible in the photos). Complete machine, ready for operation. Gksdey Dik Tjpfx Aayeb — Additional information: • Inspection possible on-site • Pallet shipping available • Personal collection

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, XYZ UMC-5X 5 Axis CNC Vertical Machining Centre Heidenhain iTNC 640 HSCI Control Model UMC-5X Control Heidenhain iTNC 640 HSCI X Axis Travel 600 mm Y Axis Travel 600 mm Z Axis Travel 500 mm A Axis Travel +120° / -120° C Axis Travel 360° Table Size 600 mm Diameter Maximum Table Load 600 kg Spindle Speed 24,000 rpm Direct Drive Spindle Taper BBT40 Rapid Traverse 36 m/min Feed Rate 1 - 36,000 mm/min Tool Changer 60 Station Automatic Maximum Tool Length 300 mm Through Spindle Coolant 70 Bar Machine Weight 9,500 kg Machine Fitted With: Heidenhain iTNC 640 HSCI CNC Control, 24,000 rpm Direct Drive High Speed Spindle (20kW S6 Rated), 60 Station Automatic Tool Changer, 70 Bar Through Spindle Coolant, Fixed Roof for High Pressure Coolant System, Renishaw RMP600 Strain Gauge Wireless Workpiece Probe, Laser Tool Setting System, Kinematic High Accuracy Machine Setup, Kinematic Reference Ball, Thermal Spindle Compensation, Linear Scales on X, Y & Z Axes, Direct Drive C Axis Rotary Table, Swarf Conveyor & Bin. Gedpfjzi Awhex Aayokb Features: Simultaneous 5 Axis Machining Centre, Gantry Frame Construction, Direct Drive High Torque Rotary Table, High Precision Linear Roller Guideways, Dynamic Collision Monitoring, High Accuracy Machine with Linear Scales, Ideal for Aerospace, Medical, Precision Engineering & Complex Multi-Sided Components. For sale with Jet Machinery Ltd Jet Machinery Stock No: TBC Machine Serial Number: TBC Cost: £120,000.00 Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to inspect the machine prior to purchase. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, workpiece weight (max.): 300 kg, travel distance X-axis: 320 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 260 mm, total height: 1,800 mm, total length: 1,650 mm, total width: 1,150 mm, wire diameter (max.): 18 mm, workpiece height (max.): 400 mm, workpiece width (max.): 580 mm, workpiece length (max.): 580 mm, type of input current: three-phase, table width: 600 mm, overall weight: 1,700 kg, table length: 600 mm, table height: 380 mm, empty load weight: 1,400 kg, warranty duration: 12 months, table load: 300 kg, input voltage: 400 V, quill travel distance: 80 mm, quill diameter: 6 mm, quill stroke: 80 mm, stroke length: 80 mm, tank capacity: 110 l, cutting speed: 600 mm/min, input current: 6 A, positioning accuracy: 2 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, Digima DK7732 CNC EDM Wire Cut Machine – 320 × 400 mm Product Description The Digima DK7732 is a compact CNC EDM wire cutting machine designed for precise machining of small and medium-sized metal components. It is suitable for tool rooms, mould and die production, maintenance workshops, precision engineering companies, as well as single-piece and batch production. The machine provides an X/Y working travel of 320 × 400 mm, a 380 × 600 mm worktable, a maximum workpiece height of 400 mm, and a maximum permitted workpiece weight of 300 kg. Its rigid construction and machine weight of 1,400 kg help reduce vibration and support stable, repeatable machining. EDM wire cutting technology allows the machine to produce accurate contours, narrow slots, holes and complex shapes in electrically conductive materials, including hardened metals that may be difficult to process using conventional cutting tools. Main Advantages CNC-controlled EDM wire cutting machine Compact design suitable for smaller production areas X/Y worktable travel of 320 × 400 mm Large 380 × 600 mm worktable Maximum workpiece height of 400 mm Maximum workpiece weight of 300 kg Stable 1,400 kg machine construction Suitable for complex contours and precision components Designed for mould, die and tool production Suitable for single-piece and serial production Low operating energy requirements Reduced molybdenum wire consumption Suitable for long, continuous machining cycles Technical Specification Parameter Specification Brand Digima Model DK7732 Machine type CNC EDM wire cut machine Condition New Worktable dimensions 380 × 600 mm X/Y worktable travel 320 × 400 mm Maximum workpiece height 400 mm Taper capability 6° / 80 mm Maximum workpiece weight 300 kg Machine net weight 1,400 kg Machine dimensions 1,650 × 1,150 × 1,800 mm Control system CNC/MNC Movement method Linear control Control method Open-loop control Processing accuracy 0.01–0.02 mm Molybdenum wire diameter Ø0.13–Ø0.18 mm Maximum wire speed 600 m/min Maximum cutting speed 200 mm²/min Best surface roughness ≤ Ra 0.8 µm Maximum working current 6 A Rated power 2 kVA Water tank capacity 110 litres Water filtration accuracy 0.005 mm Application Electrically conductive metal materials With a stated processing accuracy of 0.01–0.02 mm, cutting speeds of up to 200 mm²/min, and a best surface finish of up to Ra 0.8 µm, the DK7732 is suitable for applications where dimensional accuracy and surface quality are important. Stable and Economical Operation The DK7732 is designed for stable processing, relatively fine surface quality, low energy consumption and reduced molybdenum wire wear. It is particularly suitable for users who prioritise economical operation and long continuous machining cycles rather than exceptionally high cutting productivity. Delivery and Availability Availability: available Estimated delivery time: approximately 90 working days Transport and installation conditions: to be agreed individually Gedpfx Aeznttdoayekb Availability and delivery information should be confirmed before placing the final order. Why Choose the Digima DK7732? The Digima DK7732 combines a practical working range, rigid construction, high workpiece capacity and economical EDM technology. It is a suitable solution for companies looking for a compact wire cutting machine for accurate machining of moulds, dies, tools and specialised metal components.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 591.063.060.0016, workpiece weight (max.): 1,500 kg, travel distance X-axis: 550 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 350 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, table width: 600 mm, overall weight: 2,800 kg, table length: 900 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, The CUT P 550 model from 2017 is an advanced five-axis wire EDM machine, ideal for precise industrial applications: * wide angular range capabilities (up to 30–45°), * efficient and intelligent IPG generator, * accuracy within a few µm, Gkedpowwrtwofx Aayob * advanced automation systems and anti-collision protection, * stable, durable design enabling fully automatic operation.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, workpiece weight (max.): 350 kg, travel distance X-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 300 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 220 mm, total height: 2,015 mm, total length: 2,435 mm, total width: 2,203 mm, wire diameter (max.): 0.3 mm, workpiece height (max.): 215 mm, workpiece width (max.): 725 mm, workpiece length (max.): 600 mm, overall weight: 2,850 kg, warranty duration: 12 months, The Kmway EK-Series Wire EDM machine has been developed for users who value accuracy, efficiency, and long-term reliability. Thanks to its compact design, advanced wire threading technology, and robust, thermally balanced construction, it offers the perfect combination of precision and practical application. Why choose the EK-Series? – Next-generation Automatic Wire Threading (AWT): Highly reliable threading system that operates with or without flushing, increases machine uptime, and reduces operator intervention. – Linear Motor Drive: Friction- and backlash-free motion improves long-term cutting accuracy and reduces mechanical wear compared to conventional ball screw drives. – Extremely Rigid One-Piece Frame: Thermally balanced and designed for stability – ensures dimensional accuracy even during long or high-load machining cycles. – Small Footprint, High Performance: Compact design with integrated generator and filtration system, ideal for confined workshop spaces without compromising on performance. – Advanced Filtration System: The improved design allows for a 3 to 5 times longer filter life than conventional systems and enables quick and easy replacement when needed, minimizing downtime. – Operator-friendly Head Design The upper and lower heads are optimized for easy maintenance access, ensuring consistently high output quality with less effort. With decades of experience in the field of electrical discharge machining (EDM), Kmway provides energy-efficient, high-precision solutions that are appreciated worldwide. Technical Specifications: Axis Travel (X, Y, Z) mm: 400 x 300 x 220 Axis Travel (U, V) mm: 60 x 60 Maximum Workpiece Size (W, D, H) mm: 725 x 600 x 215 Maximum Workpiece Weight kg: 350 Axis Drive System: Linear Motor for X and Y axes Gedsy Rk H Njpfx Aayskb U + V + Z: AC Servo Motors X-Y Axis Traverse Speed mm/min: 1800 Wire Diameter mm: Ø 0.15–0.3 (Standard 0.25) Maximum Taper Angle: ±14.5°/80 mm Machine Weight kg: 2850 Machine Dimensions (W x H x D) mm: 2203 x 2015 x 2435

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1995, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 193.006, travel distance X-axis: 350 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 250 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 256 mm, wire diameter (max.): 0.33 mm, controller model: AGIEVISION / AGIE HSS-Steuerung, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel in X-axis: 350 mm Travel in Y-axis: 250 mm Travel in Z-axis: 256 mm Travel in U/V axes: ±70 mm Positioning resolution: 0.0001 mm Positioning accuracy: approx. ±3 µm Machining data Max. taper: 30° at a workpiece height of 100 mm Surface finish: up to approx. Ra 0.2 µm with multiple finishing passes Workpiece data Workpiece size, maximum dimensions: 750 × 550 × 250 mm Gkodpfx Ajzpypzeaysb Workpiece weight, maximum: 450 kg Wire system Wire diameter: 0.10 – 0.33 mm Wire speed: up to approx. 3 m/min Wire tension: CNC-controlled MACHINE DETAILS Control system: AGIEVISION / AGIE HSS Generator: AGIE HSS Mains connection: 3 × 400 V, 50 Hz Connected power: approx. 10.5 kVA Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L × W × H): approx. 2,215 × 2,215 × 2,220 mm Machine weight: approx. 3,600 kg EQUIPMENT Fully automatic wire threading

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2017, machine/vehicle number: STA00197, XYZ CT52 2 Axis CNC Lathe Box Ways Slides Siemens 828D CNC Control Swing over bed 400mm Max’ machining dia. 200 mm X-axis stroke 115mm Z-axis stroke 290mm Spindle speed 5000 rev /min Spindle Bore 61mm Max’ bar work dia. 52mm Gkodpfx Aozkbiroayob 12 Station VD130 Turret Tailstock stroke 90 mm Rapid traverse rate 20 m/min X & Z Axis Cutting Feed rate 10 m/min X & Z Axis Machine Weight 2500Kgs Machine Size 1700 x 1240mm Manufactured 2017 Machine supplied with: 3 Jaw Chuck Power Chuck Tool Setting Probe Parts Catcher Chip Conveyor Auto Lubrication High Intensity Machine Light Toolbox For Sale With Jet Machinery Ltd Jet Machinery Stock Number:79248 Machine Serial Number: STA00197 £29,950.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Year of construction: 2003, condition: ready for operation (used), A CNC wire EDM machine Charmilles is available. Travel X/Y/Z: 340mm/220mm/220mm, travel U/V: 350mm/220mm, max. taper angle: +/-30°, max. taper height: 220mm, max. workpiece dimensions X/Y/Z: 1100mm/550mm/220mm, max. workpiece weight: 750kg, table dimensions X/Y: 680mm/450mm. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: 2050mm/2050mm/2000mm, weight: approx. 3250kg, working hours: 97916h. Documentation available. An on-site inspection is possible. Gksdey R Dtcspfx Aayob

Year of construction: 1992, condition: ready for operation (used), Length: 3100mm, width: 2350mm, height: 2474mm, weight: 4.8t, with documentation and filter system, without accessories, operating hours unknown, an on-site inspection is possible, the machine has not been used for several years, there is no one on site who can operate the machine. Gkjdep R R Idjpfx Aayjb

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1994, table length 750 mm table width 550 mm ampere 60 A Gjdpfxovxwygj Aayjkb Control Makino MGE20 x-travel 600 mm y-travel 400 mm z-travel 250 mm workpiece weight 450 kg tool change unit 8 weight of the machine ca. 5,00 t dimensions of the machine ca. 3,00 x 3,50 x H3,00 m Die-sinking machine with control MAKINO MGE20

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2013, travel distance X-axis: 600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 310 mm, Travel: X 600 / Y 400 / Z 310; Water bath machine; Automatic wire threading; Chiller. Gsdpex Hgg Defx Aayokb

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, functionality: limited functionality, machine/vehicle number: M1042, Technical characteristics: # Working chamber: 980 × 860 × 900 mm (W × H × D) # Working table height: 935 mm # Mechanical weight: 1900 Kg Electrical Equipment # Power supply: 400 VAC, 3-phase, 50 Hz # Installed capacity: 30 kVA # Generator output: 450 A / 43 V DC (pulse technology included) Dimensions # Machine Dimensions (L×W×H): 2100 × 2000 × 2600 mm; Equipment consists of: # Main machine, electrolyte filtration system, industrial cooler, electrolyte treatment (CR-6 elimination) Dosing unit for electrolyte stabilization # Control system: Siemens HMI – User-friendly interface: Touch panel with integrated tool menu # Communication module for tooling needs: up to 12 signals # Safety features: Light curtain or sliding door for operator protection # Process monitoring: Real-time data tracking and short-circuit detection Machine status: WORKING Godpfsxx Nkyjx Aayekb # Safety light barrier – needs replacement