Used Universal Testing Machine for sale (70,415)

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, 600 mm 500 mm 400 mm 1000x500 mm 1200x250 mm 40-3200 U/min Gtedpfsyiu Rzsx Ah Esw DIN 2080 ISO 40

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, travel distance X-axis: 880 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 630 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 630 mm, feed rate X-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 30 m/min, controller manufacturer: Heidenhain, controller model: iTNC 530, total height: 2,500 mm, total length: 4,500 mm, total width: 4,000 mm, table load: 800 kg, rotary table diameter: 700 mm, overall weight: 14,000 kg, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, DMG / Deckel Maho 5-axis machining centre with Heidenhain iTNC 530 control. The machine features a 5-axis simultaneous machining concept with swivelling B-axis (+30° / −120°) as well as an integrated NC rotary table (C-axis, 360°) and is designed for complex and precise machining operations. Gsdpfxsyhn A Uj Ah Eetw Equipped with a main spindle with HSK-A63 tool interface and a 32-position tool magazine for flexible manufacturing applications. Suitable for tool and mould making, contract manufacturing, as well as general precision machining.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1998, x-travel 800 mm y-travel 600 mm z-travel 500 mm Gtsdpsx Dndcjfx Ah Esw

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1994, Used Jago K 21 PN dowel drilling machine Year of manufacture 1994, Machine No. 1178 For drilling cabinets, frames, fittings, and line holes in the 32 system Technical specifications Number of spindles: 21 Center distance between drill heads: 32 mm Tool holder shank: 10 mm Max. workpiece size: 880 x 2500 mm Max. workpiece height: 100 mm Max. drilling depth: 83 mm Support table size: 940 x 410 mm Number of pressure cylinders: 2 Gsdowlgpcspfx Ah Eotw 2 side stops, approx. 1000 mm each 1 stop extension, approx. 1500 mm each Required air pressure: 6-8 bar

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2011, Manufacturer: DMG MORI Model: DMF 260 linear Year of manufacture: 2011 CNC control: Siemens 840D Technical specifications: Travel distances: - X-axis travel: 2,600 mm - Y-axis travel: 1,100 mm - Z-axis travel: 900 mm - W axis: 120 degrees Main spindle: - Speed range: 20 – 14,000 rpm - Drive power (40/100%): 46 / 30 kW Gtedpfx Ajyuiz Eeh Eow - Torque (40/100%): 200 / 130 Nm - Tool holder: SK 40 Worktable: - Fixed table with mounted CNC rotary table - Clamping surface: 3,200 x 1,100 mm - Rotary table diameter: 1,050 mm - Max. table load: 1,200 kg Tool changer: - Number of tool stations: 60 positions / SK 40 - Tool-to-tool change time: 7.5 s - Power-on hours: approx. 35,000 h - Operating hours: approx. 16,200 h Technical features: - ICS 40 bar by Knoll - Coolant spray gun for chip removal - Rotating viewing window Accessories: - Paper band filter 600l - Chip conveyor - Heidenhain TS 649 DMG probe - Electronic handwheel

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2008, Data Total number of axes: 5 Longitudinal travel (X-axis): 800 mm Cross travel (Y-axis): 600 mm Vertical travel (Z-axis): 500 mm Positioning accuracy: 0.008 mm Max. workpiece weight on the table: 250 kg Swivel angle (A-axis): +/- 110° Rotation range (C-axis): 360° Clamping torque C-axis: 1.2 Nm Max. tool diameter: 125 mm Max. tool length: 300 mm Max. tool weight: 8 kg Tool holder: Tool holder: SK 40 Infinitely variable From: 20 rpm Up to: 15,000 rpm Rapid traverse: 30 m/min Acceleration: 5 m/s² Max. feed force: 8,000 N Connection 50 Hz 3x 400 Volt Spindle power: 10 / 19 kW Total connected load: 31 / 43 kVA Machine weight approx.: 8,500 kg Tool changer: Number of tools: 30 Coolant system: 500 l Gjdpfsyuiv Nsx Ah Eotw Chip conveyor Tool breakage monitoring: BLUM NC rotary table Electronic handwheel Coolant / mist extraction

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 13,100 h, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,530 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 530 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 465 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, torque: 135 Nm, controller manufacturer: Siemens, total height: 2,540 mm, total length: 3,650 mm, total width: 2,810 mm, rotary table diameter: 650 mm, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, coolant supply: 40 bar, number of slots in tool magazine: 32, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, Very well-maintained SPINNER U-1530 Compact with SIEMENS 840 D control with travel distances X=1530mm Y=530mm Z=465mm. SK40 spindle with max. 12,000 rpm and internal coolant supply (IKZ). High-pressure flushing with 22 bar, additional 350-liter tank. Chip conveyor. Compressed air through the spindle as well as at the spindle via M-code. Automatic shut-off of sealing air. Blum measuring probe TC52. Calibration ball for kinematic measurement. • Gressel zero point plate Gredos NRS 6-fold, 400x400 • 3x machine vises Gressel gripos 125 • 1x 5-axis power clamp grepos-5x • 55x SK-40 tool holders with table stand. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us. Gjdpjytp Aaefx Ah Eotw

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2008, Universal Machining Center Machine type: DMG HSC 75 linear Control unit: Heidenhain i-TNC530 Year of manufacture: 2008 New spindle: 2025 Operating hours: 63,133 h Spindle hours: 28,596 h TECHNICAL DATA: Traverse paths: X-axis: 750 mm Y-axis: 600 mm Z-axis: 560 mm Feed rate (X/Y/Z): 90 m/min Rapid traverse (X/Y/Z): 90 / 90 / 90 m/min A-axis: -10° B-axis: +110° C-axis: 360° Spindle speed range: 28,000 rpm Tool changer Tool holder: HSK-A63 Tool stations: 60 Tool diameter: 80 / 140 mm Tool length: 300 mm NC rotary table: Ø 750 mm Max. table load: 800 kg Table size: fixed table: 950 x 650 mm Gsdpfx Ahsyq H Are Eetw Max. table load: 1,000 kg Equipment features: Chip conveyor

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2005, CHIRON MILL 2000 5-Axis Universal Machining Center Year of manufacture: 2005 Control: FANUC 18 i-MB5 Machine number: 467-13 Travel paths: X - 2,000 mm / Y - 500 mm / Z - 550 mm Godoyub A Ijpfx Ah Estw Equipment: - NC swivel head 0.001°, swivel axis ± 100° - NC rotary table ATU 200, Ø 225 mm - NC rotary table ATD 320, Ø 500 mm - Spindle HSK-A 63, speed range: 0 to 12,000 rpm - Magazine with 40 tool pockets - Internal coolant supply 30 bar - Paper band filter - Coolant system 900 liters - Chip conveyor - 2x rinse pistols - Fully enclosed cabin - Central partition wall for pendulum operation - Control cabinet cooler Scope of delivery includes: - Operating manual/documentation - Machine parameters on storage medium For full equipment details, technical specifications, and layout – see PDF. Illustration, content, and information are provided without liability and are therefore not binding. All other accessories shown in the photos and video are not included in the scope of delivery and are therefore not part of this sale. The scope of delivery comprises only those accessories expressly listed here, in the order confirmation, and in the invoice. FCA (Free Carrier Truck Loaded) - Packaging only - Delivery time: immediate - Subject to prior sale / Payment due immediately upon purchase

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2000, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 15025702504, travel distance X-axis: 2,350 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 520 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 520 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 40 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate X-axis: 10 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 10 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 10 m/min, nominal power (apparent): 21 kVA, controller manufacturer: HEIDENHAIN, total height: 2,800 mm, total length: 9,000 mm, total width: 3,200 mm, table width: 500 mm, table length: 700 mm, table load: 310 kg, overall weight: 15,000 kg, spindle speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, mount diameter: 40 mm, input voltage: 400 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, input current: 80 A, control voltage: 220 V, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, DECKEL MAHO DMU 70 VL Universal Machining Center - Tool holder: SK 40 - Input increment X/Y/Z: 0.01 mm - Jog mode X/Y/Z: 20 - 2000 mm/min - Linear scale resolution X/Y/Z: 0.001 mm - Position tolerance in X/Y/Z: 0.010 mm - Working area travel X-Axis (without partition): 2350 mm, with partition: 2 x 710 mm - incl. tool changer, 2 x 32 positions - max. tool length from spindle nose: 315 mm - max. tool weight for automatic tool change: 6 kg - max. total tool weight in magazine: 80 kg - required compressed air: approx. 5.5 - 8 bar Worktables: - NC rotary table, 700 x 500 mm - with swivel axis - T-slot spacing: 63 mm - max. table rotation speed: 16.73 rpm - swiveling speed: 14.73 rpm - swivel range: 0 to 180° Gedjym Smbopfx Ah Eotw - input/display increment: 0.001° - weight: approx. 310 kg - one fixed table - dimensions: 1000 x 600 mm - T-slot spacing: 63 mm - number of T-slots: 9/14 H7 - incl. chip conveyor and coolant system Note: the machine can be transported on a truck with up to 2800 mm width! Note: The item must be collected between 21.04. and 30.04.2026 at a yet-to-be-agreed date. FCA D-96257 Marktgraitz – loaded onto truck

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 15025704014, travel distance X-axis: 2,350 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 520 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 520 mm, rapid traverse X-axis: 40 m/min, rapid traverse Y-axis: 30 m/min, rapid traverse Z-axis: 30 m/min, feed rate X-axis: 10 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 10 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 10 m/min, nominal power (apparent): 41 kVA, controller manufacturer: HEIDENHAIN, controller model: TNC 426, total height: 2,800 mm, total length: 9,000 mm, total width: 3,200 mm, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, tool diameter: 40 mm, Equipment: chip conveyor, documentation/manual, rotational speed infinitely variable, DECKEL MAHO DMU 70 VL Universal Machining Center - Operating voltage: 400 V - Frequency: 50 Hz - Connected load: 41 kVA - Rated current: 80 A - Tool holder: HSK 63 - Input increment X/Y/Z: 0.01 mm - Setup mode X/Y/Z: 20 - 2000 mm/min - Linear encoder resolution X/Y/Z: 0.001 mm - Position tolerance in X/Y/Z: 0.010 mm - Working area travel X-axis (without dividing wall): 2350 mm, with dividing wall: 2 x 710 mm - including tool changer 2 x 32 positions - Max. tool length from spindle nose: 150 mm Gtodoym Sd Topfx Ah Esw - Required compressed air: approx. 5.5 - 8 bar - Work tables: 2 x NC rotary table, 700 x 500 mm - with swivel axis - T-slot spacing: 63 mm - Swivel range: 0 to 180° - Input and display increment: 0.001° - Weight: approx. 310 kg - Including all tool holders visible on the photos in the tool changer, as well as chip conveyor and coolant system - Note: The clamping systems on the fixture tables are not included in the scope of delivery. Important: The machine can be transported on a truck up to 2800 mm width! Important: The item must be collected between 21.04. and 30.04.2026 on a binding date to be agreed upon in advance. FCA D-96257 Marktgraitz – loaded onto truck

Condition: used, CNC Milling Machine ABENE Type VHF-360TI serial no. 36084 year of construction 2008 CNC control HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 Travel X: 650 mm, Y: 510 mm, Z: 450 mm Table size 1200 x 400 mm Spindle holder SK 40 Spindle speed 55 - 3000 rpm. 2 steps Feed speed 30 - 4000 mm/min. infinitely variable Rapid traverse speed (X + Y-axis) 4000 mm/min. Rapid traverse speed (Z-axis) 2000 mm/min. Spindle nose-to-table distance 20-495 mm Motor power spindle drive 7.5 kW Mains connection 400 Volt, 50 Hz - CNC contouring control HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 with RS232, USB and LAN interfaces - Electronic handwheel - mechanical handwheels for X and Y axis - Spindle speed manually switchable with 2 gear stages (stage 1 = 55-700 rpm) + (stage 2 = 701-3000 rpm) - Inclined bed concept with laterally mounted swivel spindle head +/- 50° - Manual inclined bed adjustment via hand crank - Hydro-mechanical tool clamping - Automatic central lubrication - Coolant system with electric cooling lubricant pump opposite - Machine light - Switch cabinet permanently attached to the machine - Operating hours of control unit on = 14780 hours - Read operating hours machine on = 12980 hrs. - Read operating hours program run = 400 hrs. Space requirement L x W x H 2600 x 2000 x 2000 mm Gtsdoty A Ehspfx Ah Eow Weight 2500 kg Very good condition

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1998, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 71.255396, travel distance X-axis: 600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 800 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 500 mm, controller model: MILLPLUS, total height: 2,700 mm, total length: 6,000 mm, total width: 4,000 mm, table width: 630 mm, table length: 900 mm, overall weight: 10,000 kg, number of slots in tool magazine: 30, mount diameter: 40 mm, Equipment: chip conveyor, DECKEL MAHO DMU 80 P Universal Machining Center - Operating voltage: 400 V - Frequency: 50 Hz - Rated current: 80 A - Table with 9 T-slots - Tool holder: SK 40 The machine is equipped with a 30-position tool changer, including the tool holders visible in the photos within the tool changer, as well as chip conveyor and coolant system. Note: The machine vice shown on the clamping surface is not included in the scope of delivery! Note: The item must be collected between 21/04 and 30/04/2026 at a bindingly agreed appointment. Gtedpfx Aheym Rk So Eow FCA D-96257 Marktgraitz – loaded onto truck

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1990, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 2,800 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,200 mm, spindle speed (max.): 2,000 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 50 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel X-axis: 2,800 mm Travel Y-axis: 1,000 mm Travel Z-axis: 1,200 mm Spindle speeds: 50 - 2,000 rpm Spindle torque: 3,000 Nm Spindle taper: SK 50 Feed rate - X / Y / Z axis: 2 - 2,000 mm/min Rapid traverse - X / Y / Z axis: 7,000 mm/min Table clamping surface: 2,000 x 800 mm Rotary table diameter: 800 mm Number of tool magazine stations: 56 Tool diameter (all stations filled): 114 mm Tool diameter (with 2 free positions): 200 mm Max. tool length: 400 mm Max. tool weight: 16 kg Tool change time: approx. 8 - 9 sec Gedpfxeyl U Tho Ah Eotw Control system: SIEMENS SINUMERIK 850 M MACHINE DETAILS Spindle motor power: 30 kW Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): approx. 6.6 x 3.15 x 2.98 m Machine weight: approx. 25.4 t EQUIPMENT Tool presetting device Various tool holders Chip conveyor Internal coolant supply Coolant system with high-pressure pump and filtration unit Electronic handwheel Fixators

Year of construction: 1989, condition: used, Hermle Universal Milling Machine Type UWF 801 Godpeihqatsfx Ah Estw working range longitudinal X axis 500 mm transverse y axis 430 mm vertical Z axis 400 mm clamping surface 800 x 220 tool holder SK 40 spindle motor 3 KW quill stroke vertical 80 mm Control TNC 114

Year of construction: 1981, condition: used, Make cover Gtedpfxsihp U Do Ah Eew Type FP 4 Table: dimensions 1000 x 470 mm longitudinal movement X - axis 700 mm transversal movement Y - axis 400 mm vertical movement Z - axis 450 mm projection spindle 50 450 mm spindle mounting ISO 40 Number of spindle speeds 18 Spindle speed range 31,5 1600 rpm Number of revolutions horizontal spindle 18 pcs. Speed range horizontal spindle 31,5 1600 rpm Weight machine 2000 kg feeds X Y Z axis 18 pcs 10 500 mm/min Accessories milling head with quill Table 1000 x 470 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, Universal CNC machining center Manufacturer: AXA Gtjdpewwt Nmsfx Ah Ejw Model: VPC 40 U Year of manufacture: 2003 CNC control: Heidenhain TNC 430 Travel X/Y/Z: 2,300 x 1,200 x 600 mm NC rotary table dimensions: 1,100 x 1,100 mm Fixed table dimensions: 1,100 x 1,100 mm Tool holder: SK40 Tool magazine: 60 positions Spindle speed: 10,000 rpm Weight: approx. 20 t

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, grinding diameter 390 mm grinding length 650 mm centre height 200 mm total power requirement 46 kW weight of the machine ca. 6 t dimensions of the machine ca. 3x3x2,4 m Universal cylindrical grinding – Type WUG21 (W27) Grinding length 650 mm EMAG Weiss stands for high-end technology in universal cylindrical grinding Gtjdpfxsw Inr No Ah Eow between centres. With its CNC-controlled WUG 21 machines, EMAG Weiss offers the right solution for virtually every user. --> Technical data Max. grinding length: 650 mm --> Centre height: 200 mm --> External grinding diameter: 1 – 390 mm --> Max. weight flying MK4: 100 kg --> Max. workpiece weight between centres: 250 kg --> Feed: --> X-axis travel: 480 mm --> Z-axis travel: 1.150 mm --> Workpiece headstock --> Tailstock --> Grinding spindle headstock --> Coolant device, manufacturer HYFRA, --> Belt filter, manufacturer Knoll, type KF 200 - year of manufacture 2012, --> Oil mist filter, manufacturer Cobaron

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1988, x-travel 600 mm y-travel 450 mm z-travel 450 mm spindle turning speed range 20 - 6300 U/min Gedpfx Ahow Inr Ao Eetw Number of tools 30 St. tool taper SK 40 total power requirement 17 kW weight of the machine ca. 4 t dimensions of the machine ca. 3,2 x 3,4 x 2,2 m

Condition: not inspected (used), functionality: unexamined, machine/vehicle number: MAJ5117A, controller model: FANUC F31i-B5, rotational speed (max.): 12,000 rpm, number of slots in tool magazine: 60, The machine was in use until it was decommissioned in 2024. The cab door and the 5th axis are not functioning properly. The fault has not been further diagnosed. The original purchase price of the machine was EUR 265,000! TECHNICAL DETAILS Spindle speed: 12,000 rpm Tool holder: BT40 BigPlus Tool positions: 60 MACHINE DETAILS Control: FANUC F31i-B5 Coolant pressure (IKZ): 70 bar EQUIPMENT: Gtodpfsymbz Ijx Ah Ejw IKZ 5 axes with chuck

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, operating hours: 11,514 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 20210202, travel distance X-axis: 670 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 820 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 600 mm, controller model: Heidenhain TNC 640, spindle speed (max.): 18,000 rpm, TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel X-axis: 670 mm Travel Y-axis: 820 mm Travel Z-axis: 600 mm Spindle speed (min.): 18,000 rpm Spindle operating hours: 11,514 h Coolant supply: 40 bar MACHINE DETAILS Apparent power rating: 90 kVA Control manufacturer: Heidenhain Control model: TNC 640 Total weight: 20,000 kg Gtedpfx Ahjymbb Io Eow Input voltage: 400 V Full load current: 125 A Max. current load: 200 A Short-circuit resistance: 25 kA Voltage: 400.50 V/Hz Net weight: 20,000 kg Machine number: 20210202 EQUIPMENT Documentation/Manual Chip conveyor

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 5220511, travel distance X-axis: 2,600 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, workpiece weight (max.): 8,000 kg, TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel X-axis: 2,600 mm Travel Y-axis: 1,000 mm Travel Z-axis: 1,000 mm Max. workpiece weight: 8,000 kg Table size: 3,600 x 900 mm Number of T-slots: 6 T-slot width: 22 mm T-slot spacing: 125 mm Spindle taper: ISO 50 DIN 69871 Spindle speed: 4,000 rpm (2 ranges: 0 - 1,000 rpm) Feed rate: 10 - 5,000 mm/min Rapid traverse: 10,000 / 10,000 / 10,000 mm/min Gtodeygxgzopfx Ah Eow MACHINE DETAILS Control: HEIDENHAIN TNC 426 Dimensions & Weight Space requirement: approx. 9.82 x 5.1 x 3.16 m Machine weight: approx. 21.5 t Motor Spindle drive motor: 29 kW Feed drive motor (Y-axis): 20 Nm Feed drive motor (X and Z-axis): 27 Nm Hydraulic motor: 2.2 kW Coolant pump motor: 0.50 kW Lubrication pump motor: 0.09 kW EQUIPMENT Tool changer Both head joints have 2.5°

Condition: good (used), grinding diameter 450 mm grinding length 600 mm centre height 140 mm workpiece dia. 280 mm Godpfoxcblqjx Ah Ejtw number of turns of spindle head 63 - 400 U/min grinding wheel speeds 20-35 m/s dimensions of the machine ca. 2,4 x 1,9 x 2,1 m

Year of construction: 2002, condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, Material testing device for tensile and compressive strength testing Gtodpfx Aeytrqyeh Ejw Includes various spare parts, workpiece holders, spirit level, and CDs for the software

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2004, operating hours: 18,183 h, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 15035709304, travel distance X-axis: 700 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 600 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 520 mm, swivel angle B-axis (max.): 180 °, swivel angle C-axis (max.): 360 °, The machine will remain powered until 06.03.2026. TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel distances X-axis travel: 750 mm Y-axis travel: 600 mm Z-axis travel: 520 mm C-axis: ±360° B-axis: 180° Spindle type: SK-40 Spindle speed: 18,000 rpm Rotary table Clamping surface: 700 × 500 mm T-slot spacing: 63 mm Gsdpsymmpdefx Ah Eetw Number of T-slots: 7 T-slot size: 14 H7 Centering bore: 30 H6 Rotary axis torque: max. 1,674 Nm Table rotation speed: max. 21.5 rpm Swivel torque: max. 2,019 Nm Swivel speed: 18.9 rpm Swivel range: 0 – 180° Input/display unit: 0.001° Maximum tool length from spindle nose: 315 mm Maximum tool weight (with automatic tool changer): 6 kg MACHINE DETAILS Control system: Siemens 840D Shop Mill Operating hours Power-on hours: 65,794 h Spindle hours: 18,183 h Dimensions & Weight Machine dimensions (L x W x H): 2,604 x 2,820 x 2,785 mm Machine weight (including base): 9,255 kg EQUIPMENT 5-axis simultaneous machining 32-position tool changer Chip conveyor IKZ (internal coolant supply) with 70 bar Blum TC50 spindle probe