Used Automatic Saw for sale (26,808)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1989, cutting diameter 260 mm serial number 109967 Guedspxri Uopfx Ag Tsh volt 380 V frequency 50 Hz weight of the machine ca. 500 t

Year of construction: 2007, condition: excellent (used), AUTOMATIC BENETA VENUS BANDSAW – USED Beneta Venus model bandsaw for cutting curves and straight lines, automatic with an outfeed table – used. - Vertical axis X: 1600 mm - Vertical axis Y: 450 mm - Maximum speed of axis X: 50 m/min - Maximum speed of axis Y: 50 m/min - Total installed electrical power: 6.5 kW - Maximum installed pressure: 6-7 bar - Brushless motor, axis X: 6 Nm - Brushless motor, axis Y: 2.3 Nm - Digital control - Standard cutting length: 0-1500 mm Gsdpfx Aehknb Deg Teuh - Standard cutting height: 0-120 mm - Cast iron flywheels diameter: 800 mm - Bandsaw blade dimensions: Minimum length 5330 mm, maximum length 5350 mm, minimum width 13 mm, maximum width 20 mm - Motor power: 7.5 HP - Machine dimensions: 3,900 x 3,500 x 2,500 h, weight 4,650 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, machine/vehicle number: 113307651086088, functionality: fully functional, cutting height (max.): 260 mm, total height: 2,100 mm, total length: 2,200 mm, total width: 2,100 mm, saw band length: 4,115 mm, saw band width: 38 mm, The Kasto SSB 260 VA is a fully automatic bandsaw machine designed for precise serial cuts of solid material, pipes, and profiles. It stands out for its compact design and high cutting accuracy. The machine features hydraulic workpiece clamping, automatic feed, and a coolant system. Additionally, a chip conveyor is integrated to increase efficiency. Cutting range round: 10 – 260 mm Gsdpewqw Tvsfx Ag Touh Cutting range square: 260 x 260 mm Smallest cut-off length: 5 mm Single feed: 600 mm Multiple feed: max. 5,400 mm Cutting speed: 15 – 125 m/min (stepless) Saw blade dimensions: 4,115 x 38 x 1.3 mm Drive power: 4 / 6.5 kW Machine weight: 2,110 kg Machine dimensions (LxWxH): approx. 2,160 x 2,080 x 2,015 mm

Condition: new, saw blade diameter 370 mm capacity 90 degrees: round 120 mm capacity 90 degrees: square 100 mm 180x100 mm Working height 925 mm saw blade turning speeds 17 - 70 U/min total power requirement 3,0 kW dimensions of the machine ca. 1,9 x 1,45 x 2,1 m SPECIAL PRICE!!! High-performance vertical circular saw Hydropneumatic fully automatic. (20195) · miter left 60° + right 45° · Hydro-pneumatic control of the saw unit · Electro-pneumatic material feed unit · Smooth-running, powerful worm drive with large Transmission ratio, integrated in a stable cast housing for Achieving optimal cutting results · Vice with double clamping arm for low-burr cuts Gjdpfod Iin Ejx Ag Teuh Lateral quick shift when changing the miter · Precision prism guide of the gear head, laterally adjustable · Particularly stable base frame with built-in automatic cooling system · Large chip drawer · Chip removal brush in the saw blade protective hood CNC control: · With button for over 90 different sawing programs with 99 sub-programs for length, quantity and angle · Automatic feed unit 2,000 mm via ball screw Incremental feed with automatic length compensation. Adjustable for cutting lengths from 25 - 9,999 mm. · Fully hydraulic control of saw frame and clamping devices · Pre-selection of 3 different material feed speeds · Visualization of the entire workflow with simple data entry ATTENTION: Price is without saw blade!!! (saw blade price EUR 204)

Condition: new, saw blade diameter 370 mm capacity 90 degrees: round 120 mm capacity 90 degrees: square 100 mm Guoded Iin Hopfx Ag Tjh 180x100 mm Working height 925 mm saw blade turning speeds 15 - 70 U/min total power requirement 1,8/2,2 kW weight of the machine ca. 0,71 t dimensions of the machine ca. 1,9 x 1,45 x 2,1 m ACTION PRICE!!! High-performance vertical circular saw hydropneumatic fully automatic.(20192) · miter left 60° + right 45° · Hydro-pneumatic control of the saw unit · Electro-pneumatic material feed unit · Smooth-running, powerful worm drive with large Transmission ratio, integrated in a stable cast housing for Achieving optimal cutting results · Vice with double clamping arm for low-burr cuts Lateral quick shift when changing the miter · Precision prism guide of the gear head, laterally adjustable · Particularly stable base frame with built-in automatic cooling system · Large chip drawer · Chip removal brush in the saw blade protective hood MPS control: · Save cut start/end · Display of current consumption, number of pieces, cutting time... · Adjustable water cooling · Cutting pressure regulator ATTENTION: Price is without saw blade!!! (saw blade price EUR 204)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2003, Horizontal bandsaw fully automatic with gripper feed Cutting capacity 90° round: 400 mm square: 400 x 400 mm Cutting speed: 15 - 90 m/min Working height: 800 mm Saw blade dimensions: 4570 x 41 x 1.3 mm Material feed per stroke: 560 mm Multiple feed: up to 9 times = 5040 mm Motor power: 5.5 kW Dimensions (L x W x H): 2250 x 2850 x 1700 mm Weight: 2500 kg Accessories / Special features: • Fully hydraulic: workpiece clamping, saw feed, bow lifting, and material feed • Gripper feed system • Screw conveyor swarf remover • Fully automatic operation or single cuts • Automatic bow lifting height adjustment according to material diameter • Max. cut length: 560 mm with single feed • 5040 mm with multiple feed Gedpfoynaz Nex Ag Touh • Hydraulic clamping pressure regulation for the vise • Saw band guidance via deflection rollers and carbide jaws • Constant saw band tension with automatic shutdown in case of blade breakage • Coolant system • Piece counter • Emergency stop switch • CE compliant Siegfried Volz Werkzeugmaschinen Rüschebrinkstr. 151-153 DE - 44143 Dortmund - Wambel

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 1998, Semi-automatic circular saw machine Gusdpfxefym Ews Ag Tjh Manufacturer: KASTO, Type: V350 U, Year of manufacture: 1998 with miter cut, roller conveyor, and stop Saw blade diameter: 350 mm Pneumatic clamping device and saw feed Infinitely adjustable. Machine is in good condition and has seen little use.

Condition: new, Circular saw automation system Profilma 502, representative of the diverse "Profilma" series ideal for window and facade construction, automotive industry, machine and plant engineering, photovoltaics/solar, etc. • for aluminum and plastic profiles Guodezlr Rcjpfx Ag Teh • fully automatic operation • Siemens S7 control with touch display, including piece counter • Error diagnosis including IXON router for VPN connection • Batch multiplier for the use of material bundles • Cycle time indication in seconds • for use with Ø 550 mm saw blades • Drive 7.5 kW, S6, 400 V, 50 Hz, 2,850 rpm • motorized saw feed, sawing cut from below • Cutting splitter extension on both sides of the saw blade • Material feed unit with ball screw spindle and servomotor • Feed length: 3 - 800 mm • Feed slide with adjustable support roller • Reversing mechanism up to a section length of max. 4.0 m • Automatic shutdown via limit switches at the end of the material • Remnant piece from 75 mm (depending on the profile) The basic machine is also available as a sawing, drilling, and threading automation system or as a sawing and punching automation system. They complete your orders quickly and efficiently with precision and high production volumes. Further circular saw automation systems are also available for larger profile dimensions or cost-intensive workpiece materials, and are part of the proven Pressta-Eisele standard range. Based on your processing requirements, we will be happy to advise you!

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, functionality: fully functional, Cutting capacity 90° (rectangular) 460 x 250 mm Cutting capacity 90° (round) 330 mm Cutting capacity 60° (rectangular) 205 x 200 mm Godsz Draropfx Ag Tsuh Cutting capacity 60° (round) 205 mm Cutting capacity 45° (rectangular) 305 x 250 mm Cutting capacity 45° (round) 305 mm Adjustable band speed 48/96 m/min (60 Hz) Saw band dimensions 27 x 0.9 x 3960 mm Power consumption 1.5 / 2.2 kW Machine weight 900 / 1060 kg (net/gross) Machine dimensions LxWxH = 2310 x 1070 x 1630 mm

Condition: new, capacity 90 degrees: round 255 mm capacity 90 degrees: square 240 mm 300 x 180 saw band length 2.765 x 27 x 0,9 mm mm table height 870 mm band speed 18 - 110 m/min total power requirement 1,5/1,8 kW weight of the machine ca. 0,63 t dimensions of the machine ca. 1,8 x 1,85 x 1,85 m Miter band saw, fully automatic GBS 250 Super VA-I MPS • Miter left. 45° automatic operation • Miter left. 60° semi-automatic operation (cuts without programming) • Shockproof and ergonomic control panel with oil-proof EPDM cover a. • Material height sensor c. (Automatic cut start detection) • Frame and gearbox made from one piece, very quiet cutting and very low vibration • Chip tray can be removed (disinfection) • Easy access to the saw, material and feed unit • Foldable safety cover • Fine feed adjustment • Semi-automatic. Cut! Saw automatically with microprocessor control Guedpod Iip Aofx Ag Tjh Adjustable for 2 program levels Semi-automatic operation Fully automatic operation Start after entering the desired number and length: material cut- Cutting execution and piece counting until the program is fulfilled • MPS control for entering the desired number of feeds • All important machine data is shown on the LED display during the Cutting process displayed (power consumption, cutting time, number of pieces) • The entered data is in RAM memory • The autodiagnostic circuit automatically shows all irregularities as an error message and checks the entire process • Feed unit mounted floating. • Length adjustment via handwheel and vernier with mechanical position indicator. Adjustable for section lengths from 2.5 mm to 420 mm or through Automatic reversing can be repeated 1 - 29 times, remaining piece length 210 mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, saw blade diameter 275 mm cutting diameter 90 mm cutting speed 80 m/min EISELE Miter Circular Saw VMS 120 Saw blade diameter: 275 mm Gusdpjx Avtvsfx Ag Teh Cutting capacity at 90° (round): 90 mm Cutting capacity at 90° (rectangular): 75 × 75 mm Cutting capacity at 45° miter (rectangular): 75 × 75 mm Saw blade speed: 40 / 80 rpm Drive motor: 380 V, 1 / 1.2 kW Required floor space: 700 × 600 × 1580 mm Weight: approx. 180 kg

Condition: new, neu ca. 4 Monate ab Auftragse Türkei 32000 € 611.2 € Doppelsäulenführung 5000 x 34 x 1,1 mm mm 20 - 120 m/min 330 mm 330 mm 350 x 330 mm 845 mm 1.1 kW 3 kW 0.12 kW 2815 mm 1935 mm 1855 mm 2560 kg Servo feed with 700 mm stroke Cutting length up to 9,999 mm (multiple feeds) Omron touchscreen, 50 different cutting lengths and 30 programs can be saved Linear guide 41 mm saw blade Control panel Hydraulic vice Hydromechanical blade tension Heavy duty gearbox Coolant device Sensitive pressure Inverter for stepless blade speed Gedpfx Aswiq Hgsg Tjuh Chip brush Optical height adjustment Chip conveyor Operating instructions in GERMAN or ENGLISH ALTERNATIVE (PRICE ON REQUEST): Model BMSO 330 CH NC with hydraulic feed instead of servo feed

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2007, Complete saw line consisting of loading unit, fully automatic circular saw, and unloading unit. Suitable for a wide range of applications, especially in the photovoltaic and automotive industries. Loading Unit: - Horizontal loading magazine model HLM - 4-strand timing belt conveyor - 6 compartments, each 285mm wide, for profile feeding - Maximum material height according to the saw cutting area; round material up to max. diameter 130mm - 3 sliding strips between timing belts as additional support - Profile length min. 2,700mm, max. 6,500mm Gjdjxvbvvjpfx Ag Touh Saw: - Fully automatic circular saw Pressta-Eisele model PROFILMA 510 E-SA - Saw blade diameter max. 500mm - Continuously variable speed adjustment - Hydro-pneumatic saw blade feed, infinitely adjustable, from rear to front - Siemens S7-300 control system with touchscreen - Reversing device with five-fold stroke up to max. 5,000mm - Electric material feed 3 – 1,000mm (single stroke) - Cutting gap extension on both sides - Pneumatic unloading slide - Scrap flap after saw for offcuts / remains - Cut length depending on profile, from 8mm - Menzel minimum quantity lubrication system - Clamping pressure regulation - Two extraction nozzles for chip extraction Unloading: - Table size 1,500mm x 2,500mm - Pneumatic cross pusher

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, CORMAK H300SA Automatic Band Saw The CORMAK H300SA automatic band saw is an advanced technological machine designed for professional cutting of solid materials, steel profiles, and pipes. Thanks to its robust construction, high-quality components, and fully automated cutting process, this model is an ideal solution for production plants, metalworking companies, and machining centers where repeatability, precision, and efficiency are essential. Main advantages of the machine Fully automatic operation – the complete cutting cycle is performed without operator intervention. Hydraulic vise and material feeding system – increased efficiency, accuracy, and safety during operation. Two-column band saw construction – provides high rigidity and precise blade guidance. Arm and vise position memory system – reduces cycle times and improves cutting repeatability. Cooling system and powered cleaning brush – extend band saw blade life and improve cutting quality. Machine construction and technology The saw body is made of cast iron mounted on a rigid frame structure. The frame is inclined at a 3° angle, improving the quality of cutting closed profiles. The blade guides, based on bearings and carbide inserts, ensure excellent stability and cutting precision. The hydraulic feeding unit enables accurate and smooth movement of workpieces up to 500 mm in a single feed stroke. Precision and work efficiency The H300SA model features hydraulic arm feed with stepless adjustment, allowing cutting parameters to be optimized for different materials. The cooling system and cleaning brush significantly reduce blade wear, improving productivity and minimizing downtime. Guodpfxoiz S Nys Ag Teh The automatic operating cycle enables precise serial cutting with minimal operator involvement. Applications The CORMAK H300SA automatic band saw is an excellent solution for: production companies processing steel, cast iron, and non-ferrous metals, steel construction plants, steel distributors and logistics centers, companies specializing in pipe and profile prefabrication. Standard equipment Automatic operating mode Hydraulic vise and material feeding unit Arm and vise position memory system Powered blade cleaning brush Cooling system Bi-metal band saw blade CE declaration of conformity Operating manual and technical documentation (DTR) Technical specifications – CORMAK H300SA Automatic Band Saw Parameter Value Cutting capacity Ø 300 mm / 300 × 300 mm Bundle cutting capacity Max. 260 × 90 mm Blade dimensions 3505 × 27 × 0.9 mm Blade speeds 40 / 60 / 80 m/min Arm feed Hydraulic, stepless adjustment Main motor power 3.8 kW Hydraulic unit motor power 0.75 kW Coolant pump motor power 0.09 kW Feeding stroke 500 mm Load capacity 1500 kg Machine dimensions (L × W × H) 1750 × 1950 × 1550 mm Weight 1200 kg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Condition: New Machine type: Twin-column bandsaw fully automatic Blade dimensions: 4,240 x 34 x 1.1 mm Cutting capacity (rectangular): 325 x 380 mm Cutting capacity (round): 325 mm Bundle cutting: 190 - 300 x 70 - 140 mm Cutting speed: 15 - 100 m/min (stepless) Main drive motor power: 3.7 kW Table height: 800 mm Coolant capacity: 75 L (19.8 gal) Clamping force: 18-28 kg/cm² Control method: Hydraulic, NC Automatic Single cut length: 0-403 mm Multiple cut length: 0-9,999 mm Residual piece: 50 mm Weight: approx. 1,950 kg Dimensions (W x D x H): approx. 2,410 x 2,250 x 2,250 mm Standard Equipment: - Touchscreen control - Stepless cutting speed adjustment (frequency inverter) via touchscreen - Up to 100 jobs programmable - Automatic kerf compensation - Double retracting vices - Display for blade height and cutting speed - Blade height encoder - Work lamp - Blade cleaning brush - Coolant gun - Broken blade detection sensor - Hydraulic blade tensioning - Hydraulic carbide blade guide - Hydraulic chip conveyor - Vibration damper Gujdpfx Ajyc Hd Tjg Tjh - Manual in English - Machine feet - CE Options: - Variable pressure adjustment for clamping jaws - Hydraulic bundle clamping - 2 meter roller conveyor

Condition: new, capacity 90 degrees: round 255 mm capacity 90 degrees: square 240 mm 300 x 180 saw band length 2.765 x 27 x 0,9 mm mm table height 870 mm band speed 18 - 110 m/min Control CNC total power requirement 1,5/1,8 kW weight of the machine ca. 0,63 t dimensions of the machine ca. 1,8 x 1,85 x 1,85 m Miter band saw, fully automatic GBS 255 Super VA-I CNC • miter left 45° automatic operation • miter left 60° semi-automatic operation (cuts without programming) • Material height sensor (automatic cut start detection) • Frame and gearbox made from one piece, very quiet cut and very low vibration • Removable chip tray (disinfection) • Shockproof and ergonomic control panel with oil-resistant EPDM cover • High performance positioning with incremental encoder (CNC) c. • Top access to the saw, material and feed unit • Hinged safety cover • Fine feed adjustment • Semi-auto. Cut! Gjdpfx Aed Iipzsg Teuh • Optimize work processes with CNC control Possibility to enter various parameters such as quantities and material lengths, automatic calculation of the cutting channel • CNC control for 10 different saw programs with 99 sub-programs for different lengths and quantities, e.g. 1 cutting program with various section lengths • Automatic feed unit (CNC) via ball roller spindle incremental feed with automatic length compensation. Adjustable for section lengths of 2 mm to 9,999 mm, remainder length 170 mm.

Condition: new, capacity 90 degrees: round 310 mm capacity 90 degrees: square 280 mm 400x250 saw band length 4020x34x1,1 mm band speed 18 - 100 m/min table height 890 mm total power requirement 2,2 kW weight of the machine ca. 0,99 t dimensions of the machine ca. 1,85 x 2,2 x 2,0 m Miter band saw, fully automatic, GBS 310/400 VA-I CNC • miter left 45° automatic operation • miter left 60° semi-automatic operation (cuts without programming) • Material height sensor (automatic cut start detection) • Frame and gear made from one piece, very quiet cut and very low vibration • Removable chip tray (disinfection) • Shockproof and ergonomic control panel with oil-resistant EPDM cover • Top access to the saw, material and feed unit • Hinged safety cover • Fine feed adjustment • Semi-auto. Cut! • Optimize work processes with CNC control Possibility to enter various parameters such as quantities and material lengths, automatic calculation of the cutting channel • CNC control for 10 different saw programs with 99 sub-programs for different lengths and quantities, e.g. 1 cutting program with various Gusdpfx Agsd Iipro Tsh section lengths • Automatic feed unit (CNC) via ball roller spindle incremental feed with automatic length compensation. Adjustable for section lengths of 2 mm to 9,999 mm, remainder length 170 mm.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, cutting diameter 360 mm saw band length 4870 x 41 x 1,3 mm cutting width 360 mm cutting speed 11 - 110 m/min 4,0 kW height of the workpiece 800 mm weight of the machine ca. 2,1 t dimensions of the machine ca. 2,3 x 1,9 x 2,2 m Automatic hydraulic band saw with - SIMATIC OP17 NC control Gsdpfx Agjzyyyzj Teuh - Single material feed 600 mm - Max. programmable length 6000 mm - Hydraulic saw blade tensioning (36–40 bar) - Motorized chip conveyor - Emergency stop device - infeed roller conveyor 4m

Condition: new, capacity 90 degrees: round 510 mm capacity 90 degrees: square 480 mm 610 x 450 saw band length 5320 x 34 x 1,1 mm band speed 15 - 100 m/min table height 820 mm total power requirement 3,0 kW weight of the machine ca. 2,3 t Gedpfofu Nbbsx Ag Teuh dimensions of the machine ca. 2,65 x 2,8 x 2,2 m For miter cuts up to 45° left in fully automatic Operation and up to 60° left in semi-automatic operation Material height sensor (automatic cut start detection) Automatic feed unit via ball screw with incremental feed automatic length compensation Button on the saw band for automatic adjustment of the saw stroke Fully automatic control of the saw frame and clamping device Hydraulic unit with automatic pressure shut-off when idling Mechanical chip clearing brush feed vice opening on both sides Remaining piece length 100 mm Modern CNC control freely programmable for multiple sawing jobs with various Cutting lengths and quantities. Automatic feed unit 500 mm via ball screw incremental feed with automatic length compensation. Adjustable for section lengths of 25 – 9,999mm. Fully hydraulic control of saw frames and clamping devices Preselection of 3 different material feed speeds Visualization of the entire workflow with simple data entry

Condition: like new (used), functionality: fully functional, AUTOMATIC CUTTING SAW machine for solid wood model OMEC TA 185 second hand machine working condition : excellent CE mark: YES instruction booklet: YES cutting diagram . see attachment with rollers tracks ( as in photo ) n.01 stop max.blade diam.mm.550 Gsdozfggfepfx Ag Touh motor power Hp 10 volt. 380/50

Year of construction: 1990, condition: used, Cutting angle: 90°-45°, operating hours: approx. 4420h. Equipped with automatic material feed as well as roller conveyors on the left and right with ball-bearing rollers and storage compartments beneath the roller conveyors for short material sections. Including spare saw blades. The coolant was changed approx. 5 operating hours ago. An on-site inspection is possible. Godpjzx Ehhefx Ag Teuh

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1991, Technical details: cutting diameter: 240 mm saw band length: 3000 mm saw band width: 20 x 0,8 mm cutting range 90 degrees: round: 240 mm band speed: 20; 35; 50; 70 m/min total power requirement: 1,8 kW machine weight approx.: 330 kg dimension machine xH: 1,9 x 1,1 x 1,1 m hydraulic operation clamping jaw size 150 x 100mm, manual clamping (hand wheel) 1 transport roller each before and after vice support incl. 4 pieces band saw blades incl. 2 pieces roller tables (2000 x 520 x 750mm and 1000 x 520 x 750mm) incl. limit 3000mm Gusdpfxeu Nihuo Ag Teh *

Year of construction: 2007, condition: good (used), machine/vehicle number: 073759001, Offer 22489 Technical data: - Cutting range at 90°: - Round: 320 mm - Flat: 320 x 320 mm - Material feed system - Saw band dimensions: 5095 x 34 x 1.1 mm - Cutting speed: 10 to 120 m/min - Hydraulic lifting and lowering of the saw frame - Upper stroke limit of the saw frame - Cutting pressure, infinitely adjustable - Hydraulic material clamping device - Chip conveyor - Coolant system - Chip removal conveyor: 2500 mm - Drive: 400 V / 4.0 kW Godpfxeim Ilds Ag Teuh - Space requirement: approx. W 2500 x H 1950 x D 2000 mm - Weight: approx. 2200 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1997, cutting diameter 520 mm saw band length 7239 mm cutting range square 520 x 520 mm feed length 500 mm feed length 4500 mm cutting length min. 6 mm 10/100 mm cutting speed 20 - 130 m/min dimensions of saw-band 7239 x 50 x 1,3 mm weight of the machine ca. 4,2 t Gujdsxfwd Iopfx Ag Tsh dimensions 2300 x 3420 x 2385 m Control MINIPOS 807 CNC control Minipos 807 Special accessories: - Coolant device - Chip conveyor - Removal roller conveyor - Standard jaws

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 2,920 kg, controller model: Siemens Simatic HMI, cutting diameter: 320 mm, cutting speed: 130,000 mm/min, saw band length: 6,300 mm, The machine was overhauled by Kasto in 2016! TECHNICAL DETAILS Cutting diameter: 320 mm Saw band length: 6,300 mm Cutting range: 420 x 320 mm Cutting speed: 20 – 130 m/min Material support height: 950 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control: Siemens Simatic HMI Total power requirement: 15 kW Dimensions & Weight Gusdpfxsywhdfs Ag Tjh Space requirement: approx. 6.35 x 6.76 x 2.41 m Machine weight: approx. 2,920 kg Pneumatic connection: 6 bar Coolant: 75 l Pump capacity: 40 l/min EQUIPMENT Infinitely variable feed rate Roller conveyor Chip conveyor Technical documentation The machine is supplied without robot and loading system. The machine must be reprogrammed by the customer for stand-alone operation.