Used High Precision Milling Machine for sale (76,335)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2017, XYZ 2000 Turret Milling Machine (2017) (Ex College) 3 Axis Newhall DRO (X, Y & Knee) Spindle Taper R8 Spindle speeds to 500 – 4200 rev/min Table Size 1270 x 254mm Table Travel: X - 812mm Y - 406mm Knee Travel: Z - 406mm Quill Travel Z - 127mm For sale with Jet Machinery Ltd Hodpfx Aexxb Rrsbuew Jet Machinery Stock No: #79047 Machine Serial Number: 12907 Cost: £9,950.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, XYZ RMX 3500 3 Axis CNC Bed Milling Machine ProtoTRAK RMX Control YOM 2021 Spindle: 5HP – Programmable 40 – 5000rpm 2 Ranges 40 – 600 & 300 – 5000rpm ISO40 Quill Dia 105mm Hsdex D Tbmepfx Abusw Table: 1370 x 355mm 4 0ff T Slots T Slot size 15.9mm Max load 600kgs Travel: X – 787mm Y – 508mm Head Vertical (Z) – 500mm Quill (Z) 127mm Dims without travel – 1905 x 2069 x 2225mm Dim with travel – 2758 x 2869 x 2490mm Weight 2430Kgs Power Requirements 22A Air Requirements 6bar YOM 2021 For Sale with Jet Machinery Ltd Jet Machinery Stock Number: #78900 Machine Serial Number: RM310097 £35,000.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2018, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2018 Röders RXP 400 CNC, Applications Ideal for high-precision machining applications, including: Hedpoz Tqwcsfx Abuow Micro-machining Electrode manufacturing Small mould manufacturing Precision components High-speed milling applications Documentation The Röders calibration protocol is available to document the calibration work carried out by the manufacturer's engineer.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1990, High-precision drilling and milling machine Aciera 22 VA Good condition, from a school workshop Year of manufacture approx. 1990 Table 600 x 320 mm Speed 40 - 3600 rpm Speed setting rpm 4 automatic feeds 40-280 80-560 275-1800 550-3600 Spindle diameter 65 mm Drilling spindle stroke 120 mm Spindle mount: Aciera quick-change system Automatic thread cutting Drilling capacity in solid material 25 mm Max. drilling capacity up to 30 mm Height adjustment via hand crank Motor: 1.1 kW Lamp Some quick-change chucks Hodpfehqm D Nsx Abuew Dimensions WxDxH 90 x 130 x 185 cm Weight approx. 800 kg Technical specifications subject to change.

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2006, functionality: fully functional, IN EXCELLENT CONDITION - ORIGINAL PAINTWORK XYZ SMX 3500 CNC TURRET MILL PROTO TRAK CONTROL 3 AXIS CONTROL Hedpfxjz Eh Ege Abuow TABLE SIZE 1370 X 356 MM TRAVELS - X 770 / Y AXIS 500 / Z 500 MM 40 TAPER SPINDLE QUILL DIA 100 MM AIR DRAW BAR SPINDLE SPEED 40 - 5000 RPM TABLE GUARDS WEIGHT 2.4 TONS THERE IS ONE TOOL IN THE SPINDLE THAT WILL GO WITH

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1996, spindle speed (max.): 4,200 rpm, spindle speed (min.): 60 rpm, Bridgeport 2HP Milling Machine Vari speed Spindle speeds 60-4200rpm Table size 42" x 9" Chrome bedways Powered Traverse X Axis 2 Axis DRO Led work light Coolant pump & system Hedpfx Aj Adrq Rjbujw Spindle Taper R8 Reground table as photos Metric leadscrews Power 3phase 400v

Condition: new, Faithfull Printing Equipment Digithick TM-353 High-precision Thickness Gauge SN:602262 + Side Table 1040 x 520 x 760 mm, used, normal signs of wear, 100% fully operational, scope of delivery as per photos. ATTENTION: Please enquire separately for costs of packing and transport! Hedpfex Eq Hrox Abujw

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, USED VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE LAGUN ISO 40 WITH UNIVERSAL HEAD. ALSO COMES WITH THE UNIVERSAL HEAD ACCESSORY 'HURON TYPE.' Table dimensions 1370x280 mm T-slots No. 3 X-axis travel 850 mm Y-axis travel 350 mm Z-axis travel 400 mm Saddle travel 570 mm Spindle taper ISO 40 Quill travel 127 mm Quill diameter 86 mm Spindle speed 60-4200 RPM Head tilt left-right 90 degrees Head tilt forward-back 45 degrees Main motor 4 Hp Hjdezht N Sopfx Abusw Maximum table load 250 Kg Approximate net weight 1650 Kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), functionality: fully functional, overall weight: 1,000 kg, spindle nose: R8, Bridgeport 2HP Milling Machine Vari speed Spindle speeds 60-4200rpm Table size 42" x 9" Chrome bedways Powered Traverse X Axis 2 Axis DRO Hjde Adrp Tspfx Abuew Led work light Coolant pump & system Spindle Taper R8 Reground table as photos Metric leadscrews Power 3phase 400v

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2010, XYZ SMX 5000 3 Axis CNC Bed Milling Machine ProtoTRAK SMX Control Spindle: 7.5Hp – Programmable 70 – 5000rpm ISO40 Quill Dia 105mm Manufactured 2008 Table: 1930 x 355mm 4 off T Slots size 15.9mm Max load 850kgs Travel: X – 1524mm Y – 596mm Hjdpfxey Ni Ivs Abujw Z – 584mm Dims: W - 5805mm D – 2530mm H – 3143mm Weight - 3100Kgs For sale with *Jet Machinery Ltd* Stock No: 79199 Serial No: 11273 Price: £24,950.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: excellent (used), XYZ SMX 3500 3 Axis CNC Bed Milling Machine ProtoTRAK SMX Control Spindle: 5HP – Programmable 40 – 5000rpm 2 Ranges 40 – 600 & 300 – 5000rpm ISO40 Quill Dia 105mm Year of Manufacture 2008 Table: 1370 x 355mm 4 0ff T Slots T Slot size 15.9mm Max load 600kgs Travel: X – 787mm Y – 508mm Head Vertical (Z) – 500mm Quill (Z) 127mm Dims without travel – 1905 x 2069 x 2225mm Dim with travel – 2758 x 2869 x 2490mm Weight 2430Kgs Power Requirements 22A Air Requirements 6bar For sale with Jet Machinery Ltd Jet Machinery Stock No: #79245 Hsdpfx Aszuxn Tebusw Machine Serial Number: 10731 Cost: £17,950.00 + VAT Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the above information is accurate it is not guaranteed. We advise prospective purchasers to check any vital details. Health and Safety At Work Act 1974: It is not reasonably practical for ourselves as suppliers to ensure that for your application the goods comply with requirements of the Act with respect to guarding etc. Prospective purchasers should ensure that a guarding specialist inspect the goods prior to use.

Condition: refurbished (used), For sale is a Swiss Schaublin 13 precision milling machine in fully refurbished condition—better than new. The machine has been completely overhauled in Switzerland. Its geometry has been reworked and the electrical system brought up to the latest standard. Hedpfx Aoyw A Hzobuew All guideways are finely scraped and in perfect condition. All wear parts and spindles have been replaced. Belts are renewed, etc. The machine has not been used since the overhaul. In this condition, it is an absolute rarity and already considered an investment piece. Ideal for high-precision applications or collectors who appreciate a perfect machine tool.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, USED MILLING MACHINE WITH HIGH-SPEED HEAD FIRST ISO30. WITH HOOK/PNEUMATIC RELEASE SCREWDRIVER AND AUTOMATIC GUIDE LUBRICATION SYSTEM. Hedozht Nlepfx Abuew

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2014, functionality: fully functional, High-precision drilling and milling machine Hedpfx Abs Agarujujw Fehlmann Model Picomax 56TOP Heidenhain TNC 620, excellent condition, CE compliant!! Technical data: >> Year of manufacture: 2014, Machine No. 14214621 >> Travel ranges X/Y/Z: 500/400/400 mm >> Distance between table and spindle nose: 120-520 mm >> Clamping area (L x W): 908 x 480 mm >> Spindle speed range: 50-12000 rpm >> Drive power: 9.5 kW >> Tool magazine: Number of positions: 20 >> Footprint (W x D x H): 1700 x 1900 x 2500 mm >> Weight approx. 3000 kg About the machine: The top-of-the-line machine for manual and CNC operation with an innovative Fehlmann operating concept: user-friendly, fast, and economical. The precision milling and drilling machine PICOMAX 56 TOP (Touch Or Program™) is available with a completely new operating concept that combines 3-axis CNC operation with manual operation via drilling lever and handwheels. Specifically designed to quickly, safely, and efficiently perform milling, drilling, and threading operations on individual parts without time-consuming programming. Even after a short training period, the PICOMAX 56 TOP milling machine can be used extremely economically by skilled personnel, even without programming knowledge. Even in its basic configuration, the FEHLMANN milling machine 'Made in Switzerland' offers various features of a modern, high-performance milling machine, such as: fully digital CNC Heidenhain control TNC 620, a Fehlmann-specific, liquid-cooled, and high-torque motor spindle for universal milling up to 12,000 rpm, as well as Z/S-interpolated threading, 3D milling, and turning. The tool holders and accessories (see pictures) are included. Absolutely excellent condition. Mechanically and electrically inspected. Take advantage of the opportunity to inspect and test this machine on-site while it is powered up.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2001, The machine will be delivered including a new replacement spindle. Hodpfxoy A H Tps Abuow Digma HSC 500, year of manufacture 2001, Heidenhain iTNC 530 control, travel X/Y/Z 500/400/350 mm, spindle speed up to 42,000 rpm, tool holder HSK 40, laser diameter measurement, oil mist lubrication system, extraction for graphite machining, 3D infrared measuring probe, The tool cannot be released from the spindle; according to the service technician, this is not a spindle problem but a hydraulic issue. A new HSC replacement spindle is included.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2018, Table 1473 x 305mm, Hodpfoxftqdex Abuew Traverses XYZ: 1000 x 410mm x 400mm (knee), quill travel 127mm, Spindle Taper ISO40, Power Drawbar, Spindle Motor 5HP, Spindle Speeds 70 - 3600rpm, Prototrak SMX CNC Control,

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Operating Area: 1000*1500mm Machine overall dimensions: 3630×2200×1940mm Laser Output Power: 3000w/2000w/1500w X/Y-axis positioning accuracy: ±0.05mm X/Y-axis repositioning accuracy: ±0.03mm X/Y-axis Max. linkage speed: 60m/min Hsdpfxjg Db Uqe Abuow 1. A Compact Design with Complete Protection Small occupied space balances complete protection and higher safety. 2.No Quiver when Cutting Thin Sheet i Series are capable of cutting edges of thin sheet and ensure no quivering marks.

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 1984, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,000 mm, spindle speed (max.): 3,000 rpm, controller model: DIXI CNC 4400, TECHNICAL DETAILS Travel range, X-axis: 1,000 mm Travel range, Y-axis: 1,000 mm Travel range, Z-axis: 1,000 mm Vertical movement with pallet changer (Y-axis): 880 mm Distance from spindle axis to top of table: 0 – 1,000 mm Distance from spindle axis to top of table with changer: 0 – 880 mm Table dimensions without changer: 840 x 1,000 mm Table dimensions with standard changer: 800 x 800 mm Hodpozd Rizefx Abusw Max. table load: 2,000 kg Max. table load with pallet changer: 1,200 kg Table rotation: 360° continuous Rapid traverse: 1,500°/min T-slots: 7 equally spaced slots, width 18 H7 Tool interface: ISO 50 Spindle speeds: 8 – 3,000 rpm (in 3 ranges) Drive power: 11 kW Drive power in overload: 13.75 kW Max. torque: 200 kpm Working feed rates (X, Y, Z): 1 – 9,999 mm/min Rapid traverse (X, Y, Z): 9,999 mm/min Measuring system resolution: +/- 0.001 mm / 0.001° Positioning accuracy: 0.001 mm / 0.001° Distance from table axis to spindle flange: 390 mm to 1,390 mm MACHINE DETAILS Control system: DIXI CNC 4400 Installed total power: 47 kW Compressed air requirement: 6 kg/cm² Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 4,835 x 4,160 x 3,190 mm Machine weight: approx. 17 t Compressed air requirement: 6 kg/cm²

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2013, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 4,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,100 mm, feed rate X-axis: 50 m/min, feed rate Y-axis: 50 m/min, feed rate Z-axis: 50 m/min, table length: 4,000 mm, table width: 2,000 mm, spindle speed (max.): 22,000 rpm, torque: 128 Nm, spindle nose: 63, CNC Heidenhain iTNC 530 S.P. WORKING AREA Longitudinal X-axis travel: mm 4.000 Transversal Y-axis travel: mm 2.200 Vertical Z-axis travel: mm 1.100 Maximum speed with interpolating axes: m/min 50 WORKTABLE Dimensions: mm 4.000 x 2.000 Height: mm 300 Load capacity: T/m² 15 T-slots for workpiece clamping mm 28 DIN 650 (H12), complete with leveling elements. T-slot direction parallel to X-axis movement. AXIS CHARACTERISTICS Axis feed rate: mm/min 50.000 Acceleration: m/s² 4 WORKING AREA (CLEARANCES) Maximum horizontal clearance: mm 3.200 Maximum vertical clearance under crossbeam: mm 1.926 Height of worktable from floor: mm 330 CONTINUOUS POSITIONING UNIVERSAL HEAD WITH ELECTROSPINDLE Automatic universal head indexed to 360,000 positions (every 0.001°). Rotation is driven by direct drive motors and controlled by the CNC as a positioning axis. Automatic tool clamping. Allows 10° undercut machining. Internal cooling system for bearings and axis motors. B-axis rotation range: ± 185° A-axis rotation range: ± 185° Maximum axis rotation speed: rpm 30 Maximum torque available on A/C axes: Nm 450 Axis clamping torque: Nm 1.400 Spindle power (S1/S6): kW 22/33 Spindle torque (S1/S6): Nm 84/128 Maximum spindle speed: rpm 22.000 Tool interface: HSK-A63 DIN 69893 The head is supplied complete with a cradle for handling and storage. The cradle is used outside the working area and therefore does not reduce the machine’s actual working capacity. CHAIN TOOL MAGAZINE – 30 POSITIONS (HSK) 30-position automatic chain tool changer located at the rear side of the working area, fully protected from dust and chips. Tool type: HSK-A63 DIN 69893 Max tool diameter (adjacent pockets occupied): mm 90 Max tool length: mm 300 Max tool weight: kg 10 MEASURING SCALE PRESSURIZATION Pneumatic system complete with control unit for pressurizing the measuring scales. SPRAY-MIST TOOL LUBRICATION/COOLING Mist lubrication system. The mist is generated by mixing air and oil and is controlled via M-function. The spray-mist improves cutting quality, prevents built-up edge formation, keeps the cutting area clean, and provides cooling. Highly effective for improving surface finish quality. EXTERNAL TOOL COOLING Coolant distribution system controlled by the CNC, with nozzles positioned on the flange around the spindle. Complete with a tank (1,200-liter capacity) for coolant collection and filtration. Flow rate: 30 l/min, pressure: 4 bar. Hjdpfjzb Evlex Abuew REQUIRED CONNECTIONS Maximum installed power: kW 150 Maximum current required: A 235 MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH: • Heidenhain HR550 remote electronic handwheel • Various tooling included with the machine • Renishaw probe • BLUM laser presetting system • AUTOCAL automatic head calibration system • Visormax subscription for remote monitoring • Electrical cabinet air conditioning unit • Cooling system for all axes and the electrospindle • No. 2 chip conveyors positioned on both sides of the worktable • User and maintenance manual and CE declaration of conformity

Condition: used, NC High-Pressure Vice, High-Pressure Machine Vice RÖHM NC Precision Machine Vice Model RKD-125 ID No.: 180467 / D2948 Year of manufacture: approx. 2010 Jaw width (step jaws): 125 mm Jaw height (step jaws): 40 mm Jaw width (add-on jaws): 135 mm Jaw height (add-on jaws): 49 mm Hjdpfx Abjyy Dfdsusw Machine vice body width: 126 mm Max. opening width: 141 mm per side (only with step jaws, without add-on jaws) Clamping force: 4 tons Guideway height: 105 mm - High-pressure vice with mechanical force amplifier - Clamping force adjustable in 4 steps from 1 to 4 tons - Two clamping modes: single clamping with dummy, double clamping - Various clamping ranges via 3 guide slots in each base jaw - Step jaws (reversible) - Robust machine body, ground on all sides - Can be mounted horizontally, vertically or laterally - Middle jaw dimensions (L x W x H): 125 x 40 x 40 mm - Add-on jaw dimensions (L x W x H): 135 x 20 x 49 mm Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 680 x 135 x 155 mm Weight: 56 kg Good condition

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 560 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 500 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 450 mm, spindle speed (max.): 4,000 rpm, table load: 300 kg, TECHNICAL DETAILS X-axis travel: 560 mm Y-axis travel: 500 mm Z-axis travel: 450 mm Table length: 900 mm Table width: 530 mm Table load capacity: max. 300 kg Hedpo Afxauefx Abujw Spindle speed: 40–4,000 rpm Number of speed steps: 21 Spindle power: 2–4 kW Tool interface: SK 40 (M16) Number of tool positions: 20 EQUIPMENT 20-position tool changer

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2016, functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 4,000 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 2,200 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 1,100 mm, table length: 4,500 mm, table width: 2,500 mm, spindle speed (max.): 22,000 rpm, CNC Heidenhain iTNC 640 WORKING AREA: Longitudinal X-axis travel: mm 4.000 Transversal Y-axis travel: mm 2.200 Vertical Z-axis travel: mm 1.100 Maximum speed with interpolating axes: m/min 50 WORKTABLE: Dimensions: mm 4.500 x 2.500 Height: mm 300 Load capacity: T/m² 15 T-slots for workpiece clamping mm 28 DIN 650 (H12), complete with leveling elements. T-slot direction parallel to Y-axis movement. CONTINUOUS POSITIONING UNIVERSAL HEAD WITH ELECTROSPINDLE: Automatic universal head indexed to 360,000 positions (every 0.001°). Rotation is driven by direct drive motors and controlled by the CNC as a positioning axis. Automatic tool clamping. Allows 10° undercut machining. Internal cooling system for bearings and axis motors. C-axis rotation range: ± 270° A-axis rotation range: ± 185° Maximum axis rotation speed: rpm 30 Maximum torque available on A/C axes: Nm 450 Axis clamping torque: Nm 1.400 Spindle power (S1/S6): kW 22/33 Spindle torque (S1/S6): Nm 84/128 Maximum spindle speed: rpm 22.000 Constant power range: rpm 3.000 to 18.000 Constant torque range: rpm 10 to 3.000 Tool interface: HSK-A63 DIN 69893 ELECTROSPINDLE HSK-A100 WITH SEMI-AUTOMATIC CHANGE SYSTEM Spindle power (S1/S6): kW 37/43 Spindle torque (S1/S6): Nm 140/165 Maximum spindle speed: rpm 15.000 Constant power range: rpm 2.500 to 12.000 Constant torque range: rpm 10 to 2.500 Tool interface: HSK-A100 DIN 69893 Hsdpfx Aoyv In Iebujw CHAIN TOOL MAGAZINE – 55 POSITIONS, HSK-A100 / HSK-A63 Floor-mounted fixed chain magazine located at the rear of the machine, fully enclosed for operator protection, equipped with a vertical tool change arm and automatic tool pre-selection. Fixed-pocket management system. Hydraulic axis locking Total tools: No. 55 HSK-A63 tools (DIN 69893): Number of tools: No. 30 Max tool diameter: mm 90 Max tool diameter (with adjacent pockets free): mm 160 Max tool length: mm 300 Max tool weight: kg 10 HSK-A100 tools (DIN 69893): Number of tools: No. 25 Max tool diameter: mm 100 Max tool diameter (with adjacent pockets free): mm 160 Max tool length: mm 450 Max tool weight: kg 20 REQUIRED CONNECTIONS Maximum installed power: kVA 177 Maximum current required: A 235 MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH: • Heidenhain HR550 remote electronic handwheel • High-pressure water and air through the spindle • Semi-automatic electrospindle change system with HSK-A63 and HSK-A100 interfaces • Various tooling included with the machine • Renishaw probe • BLUM laser presetting system • AUTOCAL automatic head calibration system • Visormax subscription for remote monitoring • Electrical cabinet air conditioning unit • Cooling system for all axes and the electrospindle • User and maintenance manual and CE declaration of conformity

Condition: good (used), functionality: fully functional, travel distance X-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 400 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 400 mm, spindle speed (max.): 3,600 rpm, controller model: DECKEL Contour 3, TECHNICAL DETAILS Hodpe Afxabjfx Abuow X-axis travel: 400 mm Y-axis travel: 400 mm Z-axis travel: 400 mm Table length: 700 mm Table width: 460 mm Table load capacity: 350 kg Spindle speed: 40–3,600 rpm Tool interface: SK 40 MACHINE DETAILS Control system: DECKEL Contour 3 EQUIPMENT Automatic tool changer

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Operating Area: 3048*1524mm Machine overall dimensions: 4960×2280×2200mm Laser Output Power: IPG 3000w/2000w/1500w Bwrzu0tz8a X/Y-axis positioning accuracy: ±0.05mm X/Y-axis repositioning accuracy: ±0.03mm X/Y-axis Max. linkage speed: 100m/min 1. A Compact Design with Complete Protection Small occupied space balances complete protection and higher safety. 2. Active Anti-collision Function Hsdpfx Aeg Duzwobujw Effectively reduce the damage rate of laser heads, help you save maintenance cost. 3. Cast Iron Bed Featuring good shock absorption, Cast Iron Bed keeps its shape all the way with the optimal mechanical property.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Operating Area: 1000*1500mm Machine overall dimensions: 3630×2200×1940mm Laser Output Power: IPG 3000w/2000w/1500w X/Y-axis positioning accuracy: ±0.05mm X/Y-axis repositioning accuracy: ±0.03mm X/Y-axis Max. linkage speed: 60m/min 1. A Compact Design with Complete Protection Small occupied space balances complete protection and higher safety. Hsdog Rgvhopfx Abusw 2.No Quiver when Cutting Thin Sheet i Series are capable of cutting edges of thin sheet and ensure no quivering marks.