Used Measuring Devices for sale (16,108)

Condition: good (used), Welding rotary device, container rotary device, welding rotary device, welding rotary device, welding device, welding rotary table, welding rotary device, gearbox, spur gear gearbox, bevel gearbox -Manufacturer: Guso, welding rotary device, container rotary device on a solid base frame -Load capacity: kg -Control: with hand terminal, foot pedal and digital speed setting -Three-jaw chuck: Forkardt Ø 400 mm, three-jaw chuck bore Ø 140 mm -Speed: 0-1 1/3 rpm Right/Left rotation -Axles: 1 piece -tiltable: No -Height adjustment: Yes -Base frame: without adjustable feet -Transmission: switchable 2 stages -Manufacturer Sawa- Gearbox type CUSII260/720-S -Translation: 1:6375, 1:1530 Dcjdpfozkfulox Af Hek -Input shaft: Ø 30 mm -Output shaft: Ø 170 mm -Transport dimensions: 2390/1110/H1520 mm -Weight: 2700 kg

Condition: good (used), Welding rotary device, container rotary device, welding rotary device, welding rotary device, welding device, welding rotary table, welding rotary device, gearbox, spur gear gearbox, bevel gearbox -Manufacturer: Guso, welding rotary device, container rotary device on a solid base frame Dodpfxezkfr Ds Af Heck -Load capacity: kg -Control: with handheld terminal and foot pedal -Three-jaw chuck: Ø 400 mm, three-jaw chuck bore Ø 130 mm -Speed: 0-2 1/4 rpm Right/Left rotation -Axles: 1 piece -tiltable: No -Height adjustment: Yes -Transmission: switchable 2 stages -Manufacturer Sawa- Gearbox Type -Translation: 1:1000, 1:2508 -Input shaft: Ø 28 mm -Output shaft: Ø 135 mm -Transport dimensions: 2070/1430/H1520 mm -Weight: 1880 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, infeed unit for double grooving machine equipped with: multiple feed belts, high-speed reference rollers, infeed unit for double tenoning grooving machine Dcodeycxnwjpfx Af Hek

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2000, length 1500 mm width 1000 mm Dcjdezpf T Sopfx Af Hjk

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 230 V, travel distance X-axis: 2,500 mm, travel distance Y-axis: 1,000 mm, travel distance Z-axis: 65 mm, workpiece length (max.): 2,500 mm, workpiece height (max.): 65 mm, workpiece width (max.): 1,000 mm, Equipment: documentation/manual, Stock machine – subject to prior sale! Tactile 3-axis measuring table for fast and precise measurement of flat workpieces. Measuring range: X = 2,500 mm / Y = 1,000 mm / Z = 65 mm Operation | Control | Operating system: 15” touchscreen | HECHT DesQ II software | Windows Measuring range: X = 2,500 mm / Y = 1,000 mm / Z = 65 mm Accuracy: Absolute accuracy X/Y +/- 0.10 mm Typical repeatability X/Y +/- 0.02 mm Relative accuracy Z +/- 0.05 mm Typical repeatability Z +/- 0.02 mm Resolution 0.01 mm Measurement: ⦁ Length, width, thickness (relative) ⦁ X/Y distances ⦁ Angularity ⦁ Parallelism ⦁ Borehole position X/Y ⦁ Borehole diameter ⦁ Borehole depth (relative) ⦁ Radii / diameter ⦁ Groove position ⦁ Groove depth (relative) ⦁ Fold position ⦁ Fold depth (relative) ⦁ X/Y/Z position of horizontal bores ⦁ Depth of horizontal bores (relative) Measuring program: 8-point measurement for 4-sided parts (e.g. rectangle, parallelogram, or trapezoid) Dcedpfozr Ud Sex Af Hek Procedure: 8 points of the workpiece are scanned (two points each on every line at the corners) Result: Display of 2 x length (top, bottom), 2 x width (right, left), 4 x angle Protocol: When target values and tolerance specifications are entered, a target/actual comparison is created with deviations and displayed in a table. Storage of the measurement results as a PDF (protocol) or in an SQL database for statistical analysis. Inspection and documentation of the manufacturing status in the production process, after cutting, after edging or after drilling the workpieces, depending on the value-added process. Vacuum system (Venturi principle) 6 vacuum suction cups integrated in the measuring field fix the workpiece during the measuring process. Technical data: Dimensions (L x W x H): approx. 2,950 mm x 1,050 mm x 2,090 mm Weight: approx. 450 kg Power connection: 230 V Compressed air connection: 6 bar Air consumption: 90 l/min Operation/Control 17” Touchscreen HECHT DesQ II software Windows 11

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, input voltage: 230 V, measuring range X-axis: 2,750 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 1,250 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 85 mm, overall weight: 2,600 kg, Measuring range: 2,750 x 1,250 mm Demonstration machine – subject to prior sale - Operating system: Windows 11 For measuring external dimensions and performing one-sided inspections of vertical and horizontal boreholes in plate-shaped workpieces. APPLICATION AREA: Tooling aid: Measurement of the first production part Sample inspection: Measurement of samples MEASUREMENT CRITERIA: Dimensions: Length, width, angle Borehole, vertical: Position, diameter, depth, borehole spacing Borehole, horizontal: Position, diameter, depth, distance to the top of the plate. (NOTE: Test pins or inserted dowels are required). Groove: Edge distance, width, depth Radius: Center point position, radius Flange: Width, depth Recesses: Width, edge distance Technical data: Workpiece length (X-axis) min./max.: 180 mm – 2,750 mm Workpiece width (Y-axis) min./max.: 50 mm – 1,250 mm (Note: the measurement of vertical and/or horizontal boreholes as well as grooves and flanges on the Y-axis is possible up to the position 1,150 mm) Workpiece thickness (Z-axis) min./max.: 5 mm – 85 mm NOTE: Other sizes available on request. Accuracy: +/- 0.1 mm Resolution: 0.01 mm (NOTE: Consistent lighting conditions are required to maintain accuracy - independent of daylight) Measuring plane: High-precision, ground granite plate 3,200 x 1,340 x 150 mm Working height above floor: approx. 1,000 mm +/- 50 mm Space required approx. L/W/H: approx. 5,000 mm / 2,000 mm / 1,700 mm Weight approx.: 2,400 kg + control cabinet including control panel approx. 200 kg Total electrical connection: 2500 W Dedozr Udropfx Af Hsck Compressed air connection: 6 bar Operating side: left Operating voltage: 230 V / 16 A – (CEE7/7) Network connection: RJ45 Ambient temperature: max. 35 degrees Celsius (NOTE: At higher temperatures, an air conditioning unit in the control cabinet is recommended – available as an option.) Subject to technical changes. The above performance data assumes that suitable workpieces are used. Scope of supply: ⦁ Automatic measuring table with 2-axis servo drive ⦁ Automatic camera height positioning ⦁ 1 x Software license CAD4U and Hecht interface for creating measurement programs on a PC in the preparation area ⦁ 19" PC with CAD4U software license and interface for creating measurement programs, current software version Results and driver for measurement program execution, image processing software ⦁ Camera, lens and lighting for image acquisition ⦁ Operating system Windows Ultimate 64-bit ⦁ Rittal PC cabinet 600x1600x650 mm (W x H x D) ⦁ Test pins for measuring the lateral boreholes: 10 pieces each with diameters 5, 6, 8 ⦁ 4 x right-angle brackets for black parts ⦁ SQL Express database installed on the machine computer Languages: The operating software is available in the following languages: German, English, French, Italian, Spanish, Flemish, Polish, Lithuanian, Russian and Chinese. Other languages available on request. SAFETY AND PROTECTION DEVICES EMERGENCY STOP switch All machines for EU member states with CE marking according to EC Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC Technical documentation stored on PC The measuring table must be completely separated by a protective fence. This and other protective devices are not included in the scope of supply.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, System: • Hexagon Absolute Arm 8340, 7-Axis • RS6 Kit • CP-C Installed • Magnetic Base with Mounting Ring • Certified Length Standard – 1016mm (40 inch) • Leap Frog Kit Computer & Software: • Inspire Single Seat License • BendingStudio TUBE • BendingStudio CAD Wizard Dedpfx Afoymnvrj Hjck

Condition: good (used), Probe, 3D probe, probe insert, probe head, Digimatic Indicator, scanning head, measuring head, inductive displacement sensor Dedpfszi D Twex Af Heck -Manufacturer: Mahr Feinprüf, Measuring Probes, Position Sensors, Displacement Sensors -Type: 1302 -Quantity: 1x measuring probe available -Box dimensions: 155/100/H35 mm -Weight: 0.3 kg

Condition: used, Nikon Model: VMZ-R3020 XYZ travel distances: 300 x 200 x 200 mm *Type TZ with low magnification objective: 250 x 200 x 200 mm Display resolution 0.01 μm Maximum permissible deviation (MPE) EUX, MPE EUY, MPE 1.2 + 4L / 1000 µm EUXY, MPE 2.0 + 4L / 1000 µm EUZ, MPE 1.2 + 5L / 1000 µm Maximum sample weight 20 kg (Guaranteed accuracy: 5 kg) Camera Monochrome / Color 1/3 CMOS camera Working distance Type 1, 2, and 3: 50 mm Type 4: 30 mm Type TZ: (High magnification) 11 mm / (Low magnification) 32 mm Type A: 73.5 mm (63 mm with laser AF) Laser AF repeatability range 1),3) 2σ ≦ 0.5 µm Illumination Type 1, 2, 3, and 4: Episcopic, transmitted and 8-segment ring illumination with 3 incidence angles *white LED / Type 4 has only 1 angle Type TZ: Left objective: Episcopic, darkfield; right objective lens: episcopic, transmitted light, darkfield Type A: Episcopic, transmitted and 8-segment ring illumination with 1 incidence angle *white LED Power supply, power consumption AC100V-240V, 50/60 Hz / 4A – 2A Dimensions & weight Main unit with table (W x D x H): 700 x 730 x 1793 mm / approx. 265 kg Controller: 190 x 450 x 450 mm / approx. 12 kg Installation footprint (W x D)4): 2700 x 2400 mm Condition: used Scope of delivery: (see picture) (Subject to technical modifications and errors. All information is non-binding!) We are happy to answer further questions for you by phone. Dcjdpfxoyiy Hbj Af Hsk

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2021, Renishaw Type: Equator 500 Year of manufacture: 2021 Item description: For sale is a Renishaw Equator™ 500, a high-precision industrial 3D measuring and inspection system designed for series production and process control on the shop floor. The Equator 500 is not a traditional coordinate measuring machine (CMM), but a comparative measurement system developed specifically for fast, repeatable measurements directly in the production environment. It is ideal for mass production, in-process measurements, and automated inspection routines. The unit is perfectly suited for checking dimensional accuracy, geometric tolerances, and position tolerances of workpieces, and can provide feedback to CNC machines. The software loads correctly, system status as per display: "Started OK" (see photos). Features & Application Areas: - 3D measurement of workpieces Dcsdpozix Nmofx Af Hjk - Comparative measurement principle (very fast inspection cycles) - High repeatability in the micrometer range - Real-time temperature compensation - Suitable for shopfloor use - Automation ready (e.g. robot loading) - Ideal for series production, spot-checks, and process control Typical Industries: - CNC manufacturing - Metalworking - Automotive / supplier industry - Mechanical and tool engineering Technical Data (manufacturer information / approximate values) Manufacturer: Renishaw Model: Equator™ 500 (H+150) Device type: Comparative 3D measuring system / CMM Measuring range: X / Y: approx. Ø 500 mm Z: approx. 150 mm Measurement principle: Comparative coordinate measurement technology Temperature-compensated measurement Accuracy: Very high repeat accuracy Measurement accuracy in the micrometer range (depending on application and strategy) Control & Software Controller type: Equator 500 Software version: 2.5.21.1 RRTLOS version: 5.1.12 Operation via PC-based Renishaw software Electrical Data: Supply voltage: 230 V AC Frequency: 50 / 60 Hz Power requirement: approx. 1 kW Dimensions (approx.) Total height: approx. 1,900 mm Footprint / diameter: approx. 1,200 mm Weight (approx.): 130 kg Condition: used Scope of delivery: (see photos) - Renishaw Equator™ 500 measuring system - Controller / industrial PC - Monitor - Keyboard and mouse - Base frame - Accessories as shown in the photos (Subject to technical modifications and errors. All data provided without liability!) For further questions, we are happy to assist you over the phone.

Condition: excellent (used), Mettler Toledo Type: TGA/DSC 1 STAR® Description For sale is a METTLER TOLEDO TGA/DSC 1 STAR® system, a high-quality and precise laboratory instrument for thermal analysis of materials. The device combines thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in a single system, making it ideal for applications in industry, research, materials testing, and quality assurance. Features & Applications - Thermogravimetric analysis (mass changes) - DSC analysis (heat flow, melting points, Tg) - Analysis of plastics, polymers, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials - Temperature- and time-dependent measurements - High precision and stability - Network and PC-connectable (STAR® system) Technical Data (approx.): - Dimensions: approx. 500 × 500 × 600 mm - Manufacturer: METTLER TOLEDO - Model: TGA/DSC 1 STAR® - Sensor type: SDTA FRS2 - Power supply: 100–240 V / 50–60 Hz - Power consumption: approx. 300–600 W - Weight: approx. 35–45 kg Dedpfx Afezix Dds Hock Important note: "The table shown in the photos is not included in the sale." Condition: used Scope of delivery: (see picture) (Specifications and technical data are subject to change and correction!) Please feel free to contact us by phone for further questions.

Condition: good (used), Surface roughness measuring device HOMMEL, consisting of: HOMMEL Tester T 2000 (device from the 1980s), HOMMEL Printer P 2000, HOMMEL stylus LV-50E. Dcodpeztdctefx Af Hsk

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2013, Coordinate measuring machine HEXAGON Optiv Classic 321 GL, serial number 6K012-3, with computer DELL Precision T3500, Intel Xeon processor, TESA Bugnon 38 remote control, purchased in 2013, last calibration 09/2017. Dcjdpfxsztc A So Af Hjk

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, For wood chips and wood dust. Designed for commercial use. All clean air extraction systems in this series are dust-tested according to H3, with a residual dust content of less than 0.1 mg/m³. High extraction performance with a small footprint. Maximum performance in this class. Dodpfxscnw U Do Af Hjck Very quiet. Application area: Clean air extraction systems for wood chips and wood dust. Designed for commercial use. For all woodworking machines with a corresponding extraction port diameter. Can also be used for multiple dust sources. High-quality, well-designed construction. Robust and compact housing made of galvanized sheet steel. Extraction port can be easily repositioned from left to right, allowing for flexible use. Large inspection openings. Large, mobile chip containers with clamping bracket and chip collection bag. The system is fully assembled upon delivery, allowing for quick deployment. Mobile. Filter description: Ultra-compact with maximum filter area. Filter material made of polyester fleece, aluminum-coated, washable, and therefore with a long service life. Filter is standard and tested and approved in antistatic design according to category M-BIA. Filter resistance monitoring via differential pressure sensor, adjustable with a warning light on the control panel. The fan is located downstream of the filter. Equipment details: With a new locking device for secure container positioning. All systems in this series are dust-tested according to H3, with a residual dust content of less than 0.1 mg/m³. Scope of supply: Metal fan impeller. Inspection opening for cleaning the bypass filter. Connection cable 5 m with CEE plug 5-pole and phase inverter. 2 swivel castors and 2 fixed castors with parking brake. Preparation for connection of machine detection for up to 8 machines and slide valve controls. Manual cleaning. Sound pressure attenuator available as an accessory. Model: RLA 125 M Article no.: 5131256 Technical data Extraction port diameter: 125 mm Motor power: 2.2 kW Mains voltage: 400 V Mains frequency: 50 Hz Nominal volume flow: 1095 m³/h Max. volume flow: Vacuum at Vnenn: Filter area: 5.31 m² Filter material: Dust class M Residual dust content: 0.1 mg/m³ Chip collection volume: 1 x 239 l Max. sound pressure level: 73 dB(A) Dimensions (L x W x H): 1100 x 830 x 1650 mm Height from the lower edge of the extraction port to the ground: 850 mm Weight: 194 kg Location: Arriving at warehouse 54634 Bitburg.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Description: IE 3 motor as standard Maximum volume flow up to 8,500 m³/h at the fan Approximately 73 m² filter area, residual dust content after H3 Pre-separator as standard 71 dB (A) at full load (according to DIN EN ISO 11201) Dodpfx Aocqy I Ssf Hjck Already meets the requirements of prEN 16770 Optional: Models with type-tested rotary valve airlock (FSA) Tested backflow damper Integrated automatic extinguishing system Suction nozzle: 350 mm Motor rated power: 11 kW Voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz Maximum volume flow: 8500 m³/h Rated volume flow: 6927 m³/h Negative pressure at Vnenn.: 2765 Pa Filter area: 73 m² Chip collection volume: (net/gross) 3 x 165 L / 3 x 241 L Sound pressure level: 71 dB (A) Dimensions (L x W x H): 3112 x 1058 x 2351 mm Weight: 1074 kg Location: in stock at 54634 Bitburg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2012, Lothar Starke Airless piston pump HP 4/32 Lothar Starke Airless unit including spray gun Dsdpoy A Tpqjfx Af Hock Tripod stand Ratio: 32 / 1 Package with filter Compressed air manometer Good condition Location: in stock at 54634 Bitburg - immediately available -

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Al-Ko Clean Air Dust Collector, Year of Manufacture: 2024 Exhibition model - Immediately available Exceptional special price Technical data, Power Unit 250 P Intake nozzle: 250 mm Motor rated power: 6.5 kW / 3-phase Voltage: 400 V / 50 Hz Max. volumetric flow rate: 4900 m³/h Rated volumetric flow rate: 3524 m³/h Negative pressure: 2451 Pa Filter area: 22.4 m² Chip collection volume: 2 x 250 L Dimensions (L / W / H) in mm: 2305 x 994 x 2351 Weight: 758 kg Dcedocdy I Repfx Af Hjk Location: Available from warehouse 54634 Bitburg

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, Clean air dust extractor RLA 160 For wood dust and shavings, designed for commercial use Article number: 5131620 Brand: Holzkraft For wood shavings and wood dust. Designed for commercial use. All clean air extraction systems in this series are dust-tested according to H3, with a residual dust content of less than 0.1 mg/m³. High extraction performance with a small footprint. Maximum performance in this class. Very quiet. Application area: Clean air extraction systems for wood shavings and wood dust. Designed for commercial use. For all woodworking machines with a corresponding extraction port diameter. Also suitable for multiple dust sources. High-quality, well-designed construction. Robust and compact housing made of galvanized sheet steel. Extraction port can be easily repositioned from left to right, allowing for flexible use. Large inspection openings. Large, mobile chip collection containers with clamping bracket and chip collection bag. System is fully assembled upon delivery, allowing for quick deployment. Mobile. Description of the filter: Ultra-compact with maximum filter area. Filter material made of polyester fleece, aluminum-coated, washable, and therefore with a long service life. Filter is standardly tested and approved in antistatic design according to category M-BIA. Filter resistance monitoring via differential pressure sensor, adjustable with warning light on the control panel. The fan is located downstream of the filter. Equipment details: With a novel locking device for secure container positioning. All systems in this series are dust-tested according to H3, with a residual dust content of less than 0.1 mg/m³. Scope of delivery: Metal fan impeller Inspection opening for cleaning the bypass filter Connection cable 5 m with CEE plug 5-pin and phase reverser 2 swivel casters and 2 fixed casters with parking brake Manual cleaning Model: RLA 160 Article No.: 5131620 Technical data: Intake port diameter: 160 mm Nominal air flow: 1448 m³/h Max. air flow: 2400 m³/h Dodpfecnw T Isx Af Hjck Negative pressure at Vnenn: 2247 Pa Filter area: 9.21 m² Filter material: Dust class M Residual dust content: H3 (< 0.1 mg/m³) Filter cleaning: Compressed air supply: Chip collection volume: 2 x 193 l Supply voltage: 400 V Supply frequency: 50 Hz Motor power: 2.2 kW Sound pressure level max.: 73 dB(A) Dimensions (length x width x height): 1681 x 830 x 1654 mm Weight: 254 kg Location: Available from stock in 54634 Bitburg.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, total width: 600 mm, total length: 600 mm, total height: 800 mm, Colour: Grey Empty weight: 50 kg Price: On request - Year: 2002 - Documentation available: No - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 97370 - Measurement equipment model: Tool presetter - Options: Digital readout - Transport dimensions: 600mm x 600mm x 800mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 50kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 1 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Djdpfxoyu Sl Hs Af Hjck Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: like new (used), 3D Machines – Brown & Sharpe Standard Dcsdpfx Aezndw Tsf Hjk

Condition: good (used), HARTGESTEIN measuring and control plate DIN 876/1 with substructure Dimensions: Length: 800 mm Width: 600 mm Thickness: 120 mm Height with substructure: 890 mm Dcodjzati Rjpfx Af Hok Accuracy: DIN 876/1

Year of construction: 2008, condition: defective spare-parts repository (used), functionality: unexamined, power: 5 kW (6.80 HP), number of previous owners: 1, noise level: 69 dB, machine/vehicle number: 070523, Current operating hours of the tube: unknown Maximum PCB width: 450 mm x 400 mm Inline X-ray imaging + AOI History from the previous owner is available We acquired the machine as "functional," but it was likely used as a source of spare parts by the previous owner. Therefore, it cannot be guaranteed that all components are present. We have never put the machine into operation and cannot provide any information about its condition during operation. You are welcome to inspect the machine in 72108 Rottenburg and form your own opinion. Dedpfxozhwvpo Af Heck Since we are selling the machine as defective/in need of repair, the goods are sold with the exclusion of any warranty and any liability for defects.

Condition: like new (used), Year of construction: 2021, functionality: fully functional, measuring range X-axis: 1,200 mm, measuring range Y-axis: 1,800 mm, measuring range Z-axis: 1,000 mm, Zeiss CNC Coordinate Measuring Machine Prismo Mass VAST GOLD Year of manufacture: 2021 Last calibration: 02/2025 Measuring range: X = 1200 mm, Y = 1800 mm, Z = 1000 mm In technically and optically new condition The machine was located in a climate-controlled precision measuring room Device features, equipment: C99 control system with BP26_SE control panel Automatic temperature compensation Dcsdozr I R Espfx Af Hek VAST GOLD sensor technology 9-position probe changer magazine Reference probe Temperature probe Probe changer plate, 7 positions Calibration sphere HP Z4 workstation with monitor Calypso Basic 2022 software Options: Curve module, QDAS converter, and PiWeb Reporting Further accessories and options available Available for immediate delivery

Condition: used, Shimadzu Type: AG-X plus 20kN-50kN +750mm Dimensions: W 1206 x D 765 x H 2920 mm Technical specifications: Fmax: 50 kN Speed: 0.00005~1500 mm/min Accuracy: ±0.1 % JIS B7742 Class 0.5, ASTM E2658 Class A Crosshead-table distance (mm)(tensile stroke)*3: 215 to 1940 (20 kN: 0 to 1535 mm, 50 kN: 0 to 1475 mm) Possible test width: 600 mm Frame stiffness: 180 kN/mm 710 kg 200 V 4.5kVA/15 A + Accessories as shown Dcedpfx Afszimkfo Hok Condition: used Scope of delivery: (see picture) (Specifications and data subject to change and errors!) If you have further questions, we will be happy to answer them by phone.

Condition: used, “functionally tested; item comes from the dismantling of equipment from an automotive supplier.” Available quantity: 20 units Manufacturer: BRS Messtechnik GmbH Type: BIM2 Function: Precise measuring module for force and torque measurement Dcodpfezlt Naox Af Hek Supply voltage: 24 V DC Interface: Analog 0–10 V / 4–20 mA Application: Test benches, machine monitoring, quality assurance