Used drying for sale (75)

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 1983, Longitudinal Flow Dryer – Heating via Electricity or Hot Water Internal chamber length approx. 4500 mm Internal chamber width approx. 750 mm Internal chamber height approx. 600 mm Chamber volume 2.0 m³ Top loading – trunk design Manual / fully automatic control Electronic controller type C Longitudinal ventilation Number of fans: 1 Fan motor power 0.55 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz Electric heater: 4.2 kW INCLUDES: Fjdpfx Ajy Emqgoanjgi Aluminum stacking strips Wood moisture measuring probe Operating manual, electrical diagram, etc. Space requirement approx. 5600 mm x 1200 mm x 1600 mm Weight: 400 kg Note on used machinery: • Technical data subject to errors and prior sale. • Quoted prices are ex-location – free loading! • Machines have been cleaned and function tested. • All machines are bought as inspected, without any warranty claims. Buyers are free to inspect the machines on site. • Special agreements only valid in written form. (We will respond to inquiries only if your address and telephone number are provided!)

Condition: ready for operation (used), Sawn timber capacity: 1.5m³, max. sawn timber length: 4500mm, with control system, aluminum stacking strips and cables as accessories. The system has not been in operation for approximately ten years, the electronics would need to be checked. An on-site inspection is possible. Fgsdjy Uydlspfx Aanei

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, Equipment: CE marking, documentation/manual, NIMF-15 treatment chamber integrated in a 40-foot sea container. Fjdpfxoy Hhh Ns Aansgi Capacity 300 Europalets. It is sent totally finished, arrive, place power supply and start working. Very fast and economical model performing the heat treatment. Approved program in all countries, with 3, 4 and 5 probes. 1 year warranty

Condition: new, Capacity: 3 to 20 m³ — the ideal “pocket” system for small and medium-sized producers Product Description: The Mobileplan is a high-quality, fully mobile drying kiln designed for maximum versatility. Engineered for rapid deployment and user-friendly operation, it can handle all wood species and greatly simplifies both timber drying and ISPM-15 pallet heat treatment without requiring a fixed installation. Plug-and-play setup: No permanent anchoring required. Easily movable by forklift or crane. Ultra-fast installation: Delivered pre-assembled and factory-tested; ready for operation in less than one day. Fully automatic operation: Automated control of drying cycles for true set-and-forget convenience. Heating options: - Electric - Hot water / steam - Gas Key advantages: - Compact, transportable design for genuine mobility - Installation within 24 hours – reduces set-up time and labor costs - Pre-assembled unit minimizes transport and assembly expenses Fgsdpow Hf Adsfx Aanoi - Suitable for drying both softwood and hardwood, as well as ISPM-15 compliant pallet treatment - Low running costs thanks to the modular plug-and-play system - Industrial-grade reliability in a compact form factor Mobileplan is the ideal solution for professionals seeking a premium drying system that offers mobility, rapid commissioning, and low operating overheads—perfect for workshops, small sawmills, or on-site operations.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2024, I sell the wood drying chamber Logosol WDU Fedpfszkb Risx Aanegi Including humiditiy measuring unit Elbez WHT 740 Machine NEW, not used before ! Available immeditely.

Condition: new, No. 3187 Vacuum dryer / drying chamber ISVE ES 5 / NEW New machine, delivery time 120 days Construction features: AISI-304 stainless steel, partially insulated External diameter: 1600 mm Length of cylindrical part: 5000 mm Dryer length: 5900 mm Dryer total length plus sliding guides: 11000 mm Max. operating vacuum: -730 mm Hg Timber pile length: 5000 mm Timber pile width: 1100 mm Timber pile height: 990 mm Net wood volume: approx. 5 m3 Installed electrical power: 16,01 kW Average hourly power input: 8 kW/h Includes: - 12 electric heating plates (each 1100 x 5000 x 10 mm LWH / 57 kg / 1,25 kW) - 2 internal condensers (turbofan of 0,55 kW each 380 VCa with stainless steel pipes) - 1 one-way valve (clapet: one ¾” for vacuum circuit) - 1 solenoid air return valve (24 Vca: one 1” for the autoclave) - 1 manual air return (1” ball valve) - 1 electrical control panel (PLC type Siemens S7-1200, with touch panel) - 1 ISVE server connect with remote service and control - 2 wireless moisture probes (double probes for core and surface moisture reading) - 1 wireless temperature probe (for wood core reading) - 2 plates-holder stands - 1 instruction booklet (in English with CE certificate and wiring diagrams) Transport dimensions approx. 5900 x 1620 x 2300 mm LWH Weight approx. 2900 kg Technical details, year of construction and scope of delivery according to the manufacturer, without guarantee Subject to prior sale New machines are covered by the manufacturer's warranty Images and videos serve as examples and do not represent the actual scope of delivery Fedpfx Aaovc Axpjnegi Terms of payment: Prices plus VAT, payment before collection or dispatch Terms of delivery: ex location

Condition: used, WSA Lignomat vacuum dryer Control unit: Bollmann Tromatic 910GH Fgsdpfx Aaoxxpdtsnji Depth approx. 10 m

Condition: new, XPLAN is the result of nearly 50 years of Incoplan’s experience in providing a highly efficient and energy-saving method for drying wood, worldwide, in all climate conditions. Compared to conventional air exchange systems, condensation drying with XPLAN requires approximately 60% less electrical energy. This is a gentle drying method, particularly suitable for hardwoods and softwoods, allowing their characteristics to be preserved. XPLAN is available in 3 versions: LITE, up to 10 m³ STANDARD, with additional fans for tunnel structures PRO, up to 20 m³ of wood. Build or purchase your own structure, install and connect XPLAN, and start your drying process. We provide a complete design for the ideal chamber to be built, material suggestions, and all the information you need. The images show the three versions, with suggestions for the homemade chamber structure and walls. The electrical cabinet is always included and connected to the machine. The software is automatic, touchscreen-operated, and contains several preloaded drying programs. TECHNICAL DATA SPECIFICATION COMPRESSOR NOMINAL HP 1.5 kW SHIPPING WEIGHT 154 kg AUXILIARY HEAT 4 kW INTERNAL BLOWER MOTORS 0.25 kW motor; airflow 3,060 m³/h HEAT TREATING CAPABILITIES Yes, up to 71° C (only with Heat booster) CIRCULATING FANS 2 included: 400 mm fans, 0.25 kW, 3,060 m³/h each POWER REQUIREMENTS 5.8 kW (28A) - 400 V 50 Hz (1-phase) DIMENSIONS (H X L X W) Fgsdpfow Ug Atjx Aanji 94 × 83 × 52 cm (base unit only) 1 power vent system included (includes exhaust and intake) DRYING TIME 25mm Green Pine - 80% to 8% in approximately 12 days. 25mm Green Oak - 65% to 8% in approximately 35 days. LOAD CAPACITY For softwoods and fast-drying hardwoods (Pine or Poplar) 3-5 m³ For slow-drying hardwoods (Oak) 10 m³ NOMINAL WATER REMOVAL RATE 114 kg per 24 hours - 5 l/h

Condition: new, input voltage: 220 V, input frequency: 50 Hz, type of input current: three-phase, temperature: 75 °C, total length: 1,500 mm, total width: 1,300 mm, total height: 2,250 mm, overall weight: 230 kg, control type: PLC-controlled, actuation type: electric, fuel type: electric, Airplan – Modular Drying Kit for Containers – For Drying Lumber, Pallets, and Firewood Airplan is the easiest and most cost-effective way to dry wood, pallets, or firewood. It is a ready-to-install kit designed to be mounted inside a container (adapted to our supplied drawing), with a capacity of up to 15-20 cubic meters and a length of 6 meters for wood stacks. Main components: - 2 or 3 industrial axial fans for controlled air circulation - Electric heating element kit for reliable heat supply - 2 automatic dampers to optimize air exchange and humidity control - Electrical control panel with drying software interface and all necessary power/control connections - Water spray pipe and nozzles Key benefits: - Transform a standard container into a drying kiln - Minimum capital expenditure – buy only the essentials, not a complete prefabricated kiln - Reduced transport costs thanks to the compact kit format - Fast, straightforward installation and user-friendly operation - Professional-grade components and top-quality materials for long service life - Precise drying control suitable for lumber and pallet production What we provide: Complete Airplan kit (components listed above) Structural drawing and installation guidelines Basic start-up assistance and commissioning instructions Fodsxnbctopfx Aanegi Next steps / Contact: For a quote, technical details (electrical requirements, power ratings), and the structural drawing, please contact us with your desired drying capacity and the intended enclosure dimensions. We will tailor the configuration and provide a detailed offer.

Condition: used, machine/vehicle number: 007926, Max. working width: 1300 mm Drying system: warm air Fsdpfx Aeyhbkloanogi Hot air: yes vertical baskets: yes no. baskets: 48 panels / vertical chambers: yes no. panels / vertical chambers: 2

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1995, Drying chamber / Recirculating air drying chamber / Wood drying chamber / Drying system Mühlböck QLSF Fjdpey Tt Axofx Aansgi External dimensions: Length: 13.3 meters Width: 4.2 meters Height: 4.15 meters Internal dimensions: Length: 13.1 meters Width: 3.01 meters Height: 4.0 meters Technical data: Year of manufacture: 1995 Heating capacity: 205 kW Supply temperature: 90 degrees Water flow rate: 16 m3/h Fans: 9 x 0.75 kW Immediately available Location: Austria, near Ried im Innkreis

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1994, Drying chamber / Recirculating air drying chamber / Wood drying chamber / Drying system Mühlböck QLSF External dimensions: Length: 10.3 meters Width: 4.2 meters Height: 4.15 meters Fgodpfx Asy Tt Eaoanji Internal dimensions: Length: 10.1 meters Width: 3.01 meters Height: 4.0 meters Technical data: Year of manufacture: 1994 Inlet temperature: 95 degrees Fans: 7 x 0.75 kW Immediately available Location: Austria, near Ried im Innkreis

Condition: new, No. 3171 Vacuum drying kiln ISVE ES 2 / NEW New machine, delivery time 120 days Construction features: AISI-304 stainless steel, partially insulated External diameter: 1000 mm Length of cylindrical part: 5000 mm Dryer length: 5900 mm Dryer total length plus sliding guides: 11000 mm Max. operating vacuum: -730 mm Hg Timber pile length: 5000 mm Timber pile width: 800 mm Timber pile height: 400 mm Net wood volume: approx. 2 m3 Installed electrical power: 5,27 kW Average hourly power input: 2,7 kW/h Fodpfouvi Sajx Aansgi Includes: - 6 electric heating plates (each 800 x 5000 x 10 mm LWH / 40 kg / 0,695 kW) - 1 oil vacuum pump (40 m3/h / 1,1 kW / 380 Vca) - 1 vacuum pump condenser (stainless steel tube with internal condensation system) - 2 one-way valves (clapet: one ¾” for vacuum circuit; one ½” for condenser discharge) - 1 solenoid air return valve (24 Vca: one 1” for the autoclave and one ½” for the condenser) - 1 manual air return (1” ball valve) - 1 electrical control panel (PLC type Siemens S7-1200, with touch panel) - 1 ISVE server connect with remote service and control - 2 wireless moisture probes (double probes for core and surface moisture reading) - 1 wireless temperature probe (for wood core reading) - 2 plates-holder stands - 1 instruction booklet (in English with CE certificate and wiring diagrams) Transport dimensions approx. 6100 x 1150 x 1300 mm LWH Weight approx. 1300 kg Technical details, year of construction and scope of delivery according to the manufacturer, without guarantee Subject to prior sale New machines are covered by the manufacturer's warranty Images and videos serve as examples and do not represent the actual scope of delivery Terms of payment: Prices plus VAT, payment before collection or dispatch Terms of delivery: ex location

Condition: used, Dryer Fjdpfxewtfwzo Aansgi Manufacturer: Eisenmann Manufactured: 2001

Condition: new, No. 3183 Vacuum dryer / drying chamber ISVE ES 3 / NEW New machine, delivery time 120 days Construction features: AISI-304 stainless steel, partially insulated External diameter: 1300 mm Length of cylindrical part: 5000 mm Dryer length: 5900 mm Dryer total length plus sliding guides: 11000 mm Max. operating vacuum: -730 mm Hg Timber pile length: 5000 mm Timber pile width: 800 mm Timber pile height: 790 mm Net wood volume: approx. 2,5 m3 Installed electrical power: 8,80 kW Average hourly power input: 4,4 kW/h Includes: - 9 electric heating plates (each 800 x 5000 x 10 mm LWH / 40 kg / 0,695 kW) - 1 oil vacuum pump (65 m3/h / 1,8 kW / 380 Vca) - 1 vacuum pump condenser (stainless steel tube with internal condensation system) - 2 internal condensers (turbofan of 0,37 kW each 380 VCa) - 2 one-way valves (clapet: one ¾” for vacuum circuit; one ½” for condenser discharge) - 1 solenoid air return valve (24 Vca: one 1” for the autoclave and one ½” for the condenser) - 1 manual air return (1” ball valve) - 1 electrical control panel (PLC type Siemens S7-1200, with touch panel) - 1 ISVE server connect with remote service and control - 2 wireless moisture probes (double probes for core and surface moisture reading) - 1 wireless temperature probe (for wood core reading) - 2 plates-holder stands - 1 instruction booklet (in English with CE certificate and wiring diagrams) Fgodpfx Aasu Tipkonsi Transport dimensions approx. 5900 x 1300 x 2000 mm LWH Weight approx. 2000 kg Technical details, year of construction and scope of delivery according to the manufacturer, without guarantee Subject to prior sale New machines are covered by the manufacturer's warranty Images and videos serve as examples and do not represent the actual scope of delivery Terms of payment: Prices plus VAT, payment before collection or dispatch Terms of delivery: ex location

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, NIMF-15 treatment chamber integrated in a 20-foot sea container. Capacity 130 Europalets, or +/- 10m3 of wood Fodpfx Ajhw Nryoanegi It is sent totally finished, arrive, place power supply and start working. Very fast and economical model performing the heat treatment. Approved program in all countries, with 3, 4 and 5 probes. 1 year warranty

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2001, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 11165/1, working width: 1,300 mm, workpiece height (max.): 40 mm, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Maximum working width: 1,300 mm Maximum processable thickness: 40 mm Fsdpfx Ajyzpp Dsanogi EQUIPMENT Drying system with 3 UV lamps Transport system with motorized bars Separate control cabinet External reference: MGF025

Condition: new, Type CSD-HT-BR 70 Internal dimensions (width x depth x height) 7500 x 7160 x 4100 mm External dimensions (width x depth x height) 8080 x 7760 x 5500 mm The section of the structural columns of the chamber is 160 x 70 mm Snow load for the roof is 80 Kg/m2 Wind resistance of walls 27.8 m/sec Warming with glass wool Walls ǂ100mm Roof ǂ100mm Door ǂ100mm Door: sliding type, hung on a rail Wood for drying: various Loading the drying chamber with a forklift The heating system is gas Fgjdorxtuijpfx Aanei Fuel - GPL gas Maximum thermal energy (300 kW) Maximum chamber temperature 75 °C The number of fans in the chamber is 5x3kw The total capacity of the fans is 162,500 m3/hour Number of probes: 4 HT/ 8 AWM/ 2 EMC/ 2 Temperature Voltage 400 V 50 Hz Total power 17kw)

Condition: excellent (used), For painting-finishing line (Ultra - Violet rays system) Max working width mm 1300 Total machine lenght: mm 2900 (ca.) Workpieces thickness (working height): mm 0 - 80 (ca.) Adjustable feeding speed: m/min 0 - 40 (ca.) PLC control panel (Touch Screen) Built-in electric and command panel Fedegz Svnjpfx Aansgi Total installed power KW 36.9 Equipped with: No. 2 U.V. lamps Motorized feeding system by metal rods runned with two side-chains In-feed suction system (to take in the air) Out-feed suction system (to take away the solvent fumes)

Condition: excellent (used), For painting-finishing line (Ultra - Violet rays system) Max working width mm 1300 Total machine lenght: mm 4000 (ca.) Workpieces thickness (working height): mm 0 - 80 (ca.) Adjustable feeding speed: m/min 0 - 40 (ca.) PLC control panel (Touch Screen) Built-in electric and command panel Total installed power KW 54.9 Fgodpfogz Svgjx Aanji Equipped with: No. 3 U.V. lamps Motorized feeding system by metal rods runned with two side-chains In-feed suction system (to take in the air) Out-feed suction system (to take away the solvent fumes)

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Valmec 600 Brush Deburring Machine working width: 600 mm feed rate: 4-12 m/min Fedpfx Ajgk T Etoanogi motor power: 2 x 4 kW includes two brushes: wire brush + abrasive brush independent height adjustment of the brushes power supply: 400V machine: New

Condition: used, No. 3213 Thermal treatment system / vacuum dryer WTT Used, year of construction 2017 Thermal treatment system / thermal chamber for the modification of wood The WTT thermal chamber is a system for the thermal modification of wood. It enables efficient treatment of 2 to 3 batches per day, depending on the thickness and type of wood. The system has a powerful energy and heat transfer system and works with a gas or oil-fired boiler system that uses thermal oil as a heat transfer medium. Technical data: Capacity: 5950 - 9900 m³ of wood per year (for 330 working days) Usable volume: 9 m³ (with 50 mm wood thickness) Stack dimensions: 10500 x 1300 x 1100 mm LWH Minimum board thickness: 10 mm Power connection: 3 x 400 V, 50 Hz + zero + earth, 63 A Specific power consumption: 15.9 kW/m³ Maximum heat output: 2 MW (230 °C - 250 °C thermal oil) Heat consumption: 120 kWh/m³ wood Autoclave length: 11,000 mm Autoclave diameter: 1,800 mm Autoclave material: 10 mm stainless steel duplex EN 4462 Door opens hydraulically, with 1.5 kW drive Working pressure: 0.1 to 15 bar (absolute) Working temperature: 0 °C to 220 °C 200 mm glass wool insulation, clad with 1 mm galvanized sheet steel Main components: 1. autoclave, in which the heat treatment takes place 2. vacuum system that sucks the air out of the autoclave before heat is applied 3. energy center with a 2 MW oil burner 4. 4 MW cooling system with dry coolers 5. nitrogen generator 6. gas cooler system Heating and cooling system: Heat exchanger: 8 units (4 on each side) Material: Stainless steel pipes (seawater resistant) Total floor area: 165 m² Cooling water consumption: 1000 l/batch (not contaminated, only heated) Control and operation: Control system: WTT ExoT (fully automatic) 22” color monitor, IBM computer, printer Sensors: 4 PT100 temperature sensors 2 mechanical thermometers 1 vacuum/pressure transmitter 1 mechanical vacuum/pressure gauge Special equipment: Hydraulic rail bridge for convenient transportation of wooden trolleys Automatic trolley extraction with cable winch (1.5 kW) 2 MW thermal oil boiler (heating) Fuel oil tank (4000 l) with measuring system Insulated 20 foot steel container for heating module Stainless steel safety chimney (300 mm diameter, 6000 mm length) Functional description: 1. filling the autoclave with wood 2. creating a pre-vacuum 3. filling with gas Fedov Si Szopfx Aanjgi 4. heating 5. modifying 6. cooling 7. pressure equalization 8. creating a post-vacuum / drying 9. pressure equalization 10. emptying Certified EC Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 97/23/EF Construction EN 13445 Sale on behalf of customer, from location near 5020 Salzburg (Austria), without dismantling, transportation and assembly Dismantling, loading and transportation by us optionally possible Subject to errors in the description and price To avoid possible misunderstandings, an on-site inspection by appointment is possible and recommended Sold as is Technical details, condition description, year of construction and scope of delivery according to manufacturer's brochure or previous owner, without guarantee Subject to prior sale For used machines, any warranty is excluded, the following applies: “purchased as seen” Pictures and videos serve as examples and do not represent the actual scope of delivery Terms of payment: Prices excl. VAT, payment before collection or dispatch Terms of delivery: ex location

Condition: new, Volumes: available in 10 m³ or 20 m³ versions Product description: The Easyplan is a compact yet powerful drying system designed for drying softwood and hardwood, as well as for treating pallets and wood packaging to comply with ISPM-15 standards. It ensures complete phytosanitary compliance and consistently delivers high-quality drying results for a wide range of timber types. Installation takes less than one day, making it ideal for rapid deployment in small to medium-sized production facilities. The process is fully automatic – simply load the kiln and let the system manage the entire drying or heat treatment cycle. Available heating options: Electric: 27 and 36 kW Gas: 200 kW gas burner Hot water/steam Wood stack size for EASYPLAN 10 and EASYPLAN 20: 4 m - 6 m 180 - 300 EPAL pallets Key benefits: Capacities of 10 m³ or 20 m³ to suit different production requirements Fodpow Hfzaefx Aanogi Suitable for both softwoods and hardwoods ISPM-15 compliant pallet and wood packaging treatment, firewood drying Fully automatic drying process Quick installation in less than 24 hours Flexible heating options to match available energy sources

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, We produce pellet-briquette line We are the only manufacturers in Lithuania, the only ones with our own service. We will deliver, install, set up and train the lines. We select a package according to your budget. We not only produce the equipment ourselves, but we also produce pellets ourselves, you can come and see the working equipment. Pellet production lines from 100 kg/h to 30 t/h Fgodpeghmp Nsfx Aanei We produce: Drum dryer Belt dryer pipe dryer Pellet plant Mills crushers Brsgistoyp Conveyor Coolers Cyclones Bunker Packing machines TSF-Justinas

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2026, power: 11 kW (14.96 HP), Rotary drum dryer for drying various kinds of materials like sand, biomass, sawdust, red mud, bentonite, coal Diameter: 1200mm Length: 10000mm Power: 11-13KW Gradient: 3% Capacity: 1.5-3 t/h Weight: 14Tons Besides this model, we also have the other models of rotary drum dryer 1500x12000mm, 2400x20000mm, and complete drying system for various materials, welcome to contact us for more details Our factory can design suitable solution according to your specific requirements. Rotary drum dryers are highly efficient machines used extensively in the processing of wood chips, sawdust, and biomass. They operate by utilizing a rotating drum that heats and dries the materials as they are transported through the cylinder. The design of these dryers allows them to handle a wide range of particle sizes and moisture levels, making them suitable for various types of biomass. They can also tolerate high-temperature exhaust gases, which contributes to their efficiency and versatility in industrial applications. Rotary Drum Dryer for Wood Chip, Sawdust, Biomass 🌳 Introduction to Rotary Drum Dryers In the realm of biomass processing, moisture control is key. Enter the Rotary Drum Dryer, an indispensable machine designed to efficiently reduce the moisture content of wood chips, sawdust, and biomass. This essential tool enhances productivity, improves fuel quality, and is pivotal in biomass energy production. Let’s explore its functionality and benefits! 💡 💼 Key Benefits of Using a Rotary Drum Dryer 1. Energy Efficiency: Designed to optimize energy use, Rotary Drum Dryers consume less power while delivering high drying efficiency. 🌿💡 2. High Capacity: Capable of handling large volumes of biomass, these dryers are perfect for industrial applications where large-scale drying is needed. 🏭 3. Improved Product Quality: By achieving the optimal moisture content, the dryer enhances the quality of biomass for fuel, pellets, and other applications. 🔥 4. Versatility: Suitable for a wide range of materials including wood chips, sawdust, and various types of biomass, making it a versatile tool in any biomass processing plant. 🌳 # Application Fields and Materials of Rotary Drum Dryer II. Application Fields A. Agriculture - Drying of grains, seeds, and forage. - Processing of agricultural by-products like straw and husks. B. Food Industry - Dehydration of food products such as fruits, vegetables, and spices. - Preservation of food quality during drying. C. Chemical Industry - Drying of chemical powders, granules, and crystals. - Application in the production of fertilizers and detergents. D. Mining and Minerals - Drying of ores, coal, and mineral concentrates. - Reduction of moisture content for easier handling and processing. Fgsdpfxjq Igyvo Aanei E. Construction Materials - Drying of sand, cement, and other construction aggregates. - Preparation of materials for manufacturing processes. F. Pharmaceuticals - Drying of pharmaceutical powders and active ingredients. III. Materials Processed by Rotary Drum Dryer A. Organic Materials - Biomass, wood chips, sawdust, and animal feed. B. Inorganic Materials - Sand, clay, limestone, and gypsum. C. Waste Products - Sludge from wastewater treatment plants. - Industrial by-products for recycling or reuse.