Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7497 Technical data: - shaft width 300mm - top length 2100mm - cast iron tops - both tops adjustable - cast iron guide adjustable at an angle - engine approx. 2kW - diameter of the exhaust port 160mm - dimensions length/width/height 2100x600x960mm - weight 392kg Net price: PLN 5300 Cgjlou Razhsin Tlgot Net price: EUR 1240 depending on the price of EUR 4.25 (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7621 Technical data: - shaft width 810mm - number of knives 4pcs - max. thickness of the processed element 200mm * from above: - pawls - toothed input shaft, pulling - clamps - planing shaft - clamps Cgelin Towc N Dwolgst - smooth output shaft, pulling * from below: - adjustable rollers in the lower table 2pcs - 10kW motor - electric table lifting - 4 types of feed speed 8/11.3/16/22.4m/min - dimensions l/w/h 1210x1500x1300mm - weight 1200kg ADVANTAGES - Polish production - electric table lifting - used thicknesser, very good condition Net price: 23900 PLN Net price: 5620 EUR depending on the price of 4.25 EUR (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: used, CATALOGUE NUMBER 7581 TECHNICAL DATA PLANER: - shaft width 520mm - number of knives 4pcs - original guide adjustable at an angle - length of tops 2130mm - both tops adjustable - shaft cover - planer tops lifted simultaneously - pneumatically THICKNESSPLANER: - max. thickness of the processed element on the thicknesser 250mm *from above: - pawls - input shaft pulling, toothed, torsional - pressure - planing shaft - output shaft pulling, smooth Colin Tljv I Udbegegt - electric setting of planing thickness - thicknesser shaft cover (pneumatic extension) - diameter of the extraction nozzle 120mm - main engine 7.5kW - dimensions l/w/h 2130x1140x1300mm - weight 1061kg ADVANTAGES - Italian production - Tersa knives - planer boards lifted simultaneously - pneumatically - unpainted - perfect condition - used machine Net price: PLN 35,900 Net price: EUR 8,430 depending on the price of EUR 4.25 (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7479 Technical data: - shaft width 410mm - 4-knife shaft (TERSA) - noise reduction comb - shaft cover - length of tops 2610mm - longer feed-in top 1435mm - cast iron tops - both tops adjustable - original cast iron guide adjustable at an angle - brake - diameter of the exhaust port 115mm - 4kW engine - dimensions length/width/height 2610x960x1110mm - weight 578kg ADVANTAGES - Italian production - 4-knife shaft - brake - noise reduction comb - longer feed-in top - unpainted - used planer, very good condition, original DTR documentation Net price: 21900 PLN Net price: 5160EUR depending on the price 4.25 EUR (Prices may change with higher fluctuations) Cjliouwp Ecen Tlgsgt

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 6368 TECHNICAL DATA - max. width of the processed element 230mm - max. height of the processed element 130mm 7 spindles: 1) horizontal lower 230mm 5.5kW 2) vertical right 130mm 5.5kW 3) vertical left 130mm 5.5kW 4) horizontal upper 230mm 7.5kW 5) horizontal upper 230mm 11kW 6) horizontal lower 230mm 18.5kW 7) universal 230mm adjustable at 360 degrees 5.5kW - all spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - all spindles equipped with an electric brake - spindle diameter 40mm - spindles 4 and 5 electrically adjustable up/down - from above 8 metal, torsionally driven, pulling rollers, including 2 double rollers - 4 rubber, pulling, output rollers from above - 2 top pressure - pawls from below - 3 side pressures from below - 2 smooth, pulling metal rollers from below - 2 double, pulling, rubber rollers from below - pneumatically pressed rollers - feed on Cardan rollers - smooth feed speed adjustment 5-36m/min - 4kW feed motor - electric planing thickness adjustment 0.75kW - length of the input table 1980mm - closed in the cabin - central table lubrication - diameters of the extraction nozzle 5x120mm, 2x150mm - dimensions L/W/H 5500x1840x1900mm - weight about 5000kg ADVANTAGES - Italian production - 7 heads - for wet and dry wood - last universal spindle - unpainted - used planer, very good condition Net price: PLN 146900 Cgoliohfl T Ien Tlgjt Net price: EUR 34550 depending on the price of EUR 4.25 (Prices may vary depending on higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 6393 TECHNICAL DATA Cslin Tehh Sfljlgogt - max. width of the processed element 200mm - max. height of the processed element 150mm - number of spindles 4: 1) horizontal lower 200mm 5.5kW 2) vertical right 150mm 4kW 3) vertical left 150mm 4kW 4) horizontal upper 200mm 5.5kW - all heads adjustable up/down, right left - spindle diameter 40mm - spindle speed 6000rpm from above: - input rollers, pulling, toothed 6pcs, including 2 double - 1 output roller, pulling, rubber from below: - input roller, toothed, pulling, torsional in the lower table - side pressure 3pcs - output, pulling, metal, smooth roller - all rollers pressed pneumatically - length of the input table 2130mm - top adjustable up/down - central lubrication - electric setting of planing thickness - lifting motor 1.1kW - smooth regulation of feed speed on the inverter - feed motor 3kW - feed on Cardan shafts - closed in the cabin - diameters of the exhaust nozzle 4x130mm - dimensions length/width/height 3550x1750x1800mm - weight about 3000kg ADVANTAGES - for 4 heads - ideal for wet and dry wood - DTR documentation - used machine, very good condition Net price: PLN 65900 Net price: EUR 15500 Net price calculated according to the exchange rate 4.25 PLN/EUR (in case of larger exchange rate fluctuations the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 7289 TECHNICAL DATA - max. width of the processed element 230mm - max. height of the processed element 170mm 6 spindles: 1) horizontal lower 230mm 5.5kW 2) vertical right 170mm 3) vertical left 170mm (2nd and 3rd spindle) 11kW 4) horizontal upper 230mm 11kW 5) horizontal upper 230mm 7.5kW 6) horizontal lower 230mm 11kW - all spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - spindle 4 and 5 electrically adjustable up/down - spindle speed 8000rpm Colierwmr Non Tlgogt - spindle diameter 40mm - all spindles equipped with an electric brake - 6 rollers from above input, pulling, toothed, including 1 double - top output, pulling, rubber, double roller - bottom output, pulling, rubber, double roller - side pressure - feed on Cardan rollers - pneumatically pressed rollers - smooth regulation of feed speed 6-24m/min - 4kW feed motor - electric adjustment of planing thickness - 0.55kW body lifting motor - central table lubrication - diameter of extraction nozzles 6x140mm - dimensions length/width/height 4900x2400x2000mm - weight approx. 4000kg ADVANTAGES - German production, WEINIG brand - for 6 heads - unpainted - used planer, very good condition Original photos Net price: 142900 PLN Net price: 33500 EUR depending on the price 4.25 EUR (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: new, Catalogue number S 0335 - new machine, in stock Cgolin Tjvw Rqiolgst - CE certificate PLANER: - dimensions of the work table 1500 х 320mm - max. depth of processing 5mm - dimensions of the aluminium guide strip, mm 1100 x 155 THICKNESSING MACHINE: - dimensions of the work table 316 x 600mm - max. depth of processing 3mm - cutting speed 7m/min - material thickness 4 - 230mm - engine power 3kW - milling head revolutions, min-1 5600 - dimensions length/width/height 1500/600/1050mm - weight 315kg * Cast iron tops with a polished surface, * Tables with precise adjustment for longitudinal planing, * Stable aluminum strip (culaga) with tilting option from 90° to 45°, * Milling head cover, * Thicknessing planer worktable with central guiding column and support, * Power on and off without stopping the machine, * Mortiser with left rotation. Net price: PLN 14,500 Net price: EUR 3,460 Net price calculated according to the exchange rate of PLN 4.2/EUR (in case of larger exchange rate fluctuations the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 6950 TECHNICAL DATA - max. width of the processed element 220mm - max. height of the processed element 130mm - 4 spindles: 1) horizontal lower 220mm 5.5kW 2) vertical right 130mm 3) vertical left 130mm; (2 and 3 spindles) 5.5kW 4) horizontal top 220mm 5.5kW - 4 electrically adjustable spindle up/down - all spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - spindle diameter 40mm - 4 input rollers, pulling, toothed, including 1 double - 1 double output roller, pulling, rubber, from above - output roller, pulling, rubber, from below - feed on Cardan rollers - smooth feed speed adjustment 6-22m/min - feed motor 2.2kW - lifting motor 0.55kW - electric adjustment of planing thickness - length of the input table 1970mm - central lubrication - diameter of the extraction nozzle 3x120mm, 140mm - closed in the cabin - dimensions length/width/height 3350x1400x1400mm, - weight 1700kg – German production – unpainted – used planer, very good condition Celjlikzfein Tlgegt Net price: PLN 38,900 Net price: EUR 9,100 Net price calculated according to the exchange rate of PLN 4.25/EUR (in case of greater exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 6338 TECHNICAL DATA - max. width of the processed element 230mm - max. height of the processed element 160mm 7 spindles: 1) horizontal lower 230mm 5.5kW 2) vertical right 160mm 5.5kW 3) vertical left 160mm 5.5kW 4) horizontal upper 230mm 7.5kW 5) horizontal upper 230mm 7.5kW 6) horizontal lower 230mm 7.5kW 7) universal 360° 230mm 7.5kW - all spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - spindle diameter 40mm - all spindles equipped with brake - spindle speed 6000rpm from above: - 6 input rollers pulling, toothed, metal, including 2 double - 4 pulling, rubber outfeed rollers, including 1 double - 3 pressures on the outfeed from the bottom: - pressure from the side on the infeed - feeding roller, toothed, pulling, torsion in the lower table - 3 pulling rollers, metal, smooth - pneumatically adjustable rollers - length of the feeding table 1190mm - central lubrication of the table - electric adjustment of the planing thickness - 0.56kW body lifting motor - smooth regulation of the feed speed on the inverter 6-24m/min - 3.7kW feed motor - feed on Cardan shafts Coliohp N R Ijn Tlgogt - closed in the cabin - diameter of the extraction nozzle 7x125mm - dimensions length/width/height 5100x2070x1900mm - weight about 5000kg ADVANTAGES - for 7 heads - universal spindle - ideal for wet and dry wood - spindles equipped with brakes - DTR documentation - used planer, very good condition Net price: PLN 149,900 Net price: EUR 35,250 depending on the price of EUR 4.25 (Prices may vary with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 7358 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width 510mm - number of knives 4pcs - max. thickness of the processed element on the thicknesser 190mm - max. thickness of the processed element on the side heads on 3 sides 100mm from above: - pawls - input shaft, pulling, toothed - pressure - planing shaft - pressure - output shaft, pulling, smooth from below: - adjustable rollers in the lower table 2pcs - guide strip from the back: - 2 side spindles + pressures Cgjlinjv N Ikqe Tlgst - spindle height 100mm - max. spindle spacing 510mm - spindle diameter 25mm - spindle adjustment right/left - 2x3kW motor - 2 types of feed speed - nozzle diameter extraction 2x125mm - main engine approx. 7.5kW - overall dimensions length/width/height 1750x1160x1000mm - weight 1090kg ADVANTAGES - Polish production - 4-knife shaft - very good condition - used planer Net price: PLN 13,900 Net price: EUR 3,270 depending on the price of EUR 4.25 (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 6645 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width 410mm - shaft cover - noise reduction comb - number of knives 4pcs Cgjlineh Up Rks Tlget - top length 2530mm - cast iron tops - both tops adjustable - original cast iron guide adjustable at an angle + guide for strips - 3kW engine - diameter of the exhaust port 140mm - dimensions length/width/height 2540x1100x1320mm - weight 728kg Net price: PLN 13900 Net price: EUR 3250 Net price calculated according to the exchange rate of PLN 4.25/EUR (in case of greater exchange rate fluctuations the price may change)

Condition: new, Catalogue number S0336 TECHNICAL DATA - planer top length 1800mm - processing width 410mm - processing height 225mm - shaft speed 4500U/min - number of knives 4pcs - shaft diameter 100mm - motor power S1 4/5.6kW - voltage 400V - dimensions length/width/height 1900/800/1300mm, - weight 495kg 4-knife shaft guarantees precise work processing, High-quality and high-quality finish, Planer tops folded backwards, which does not limit the function of the thicknesser, Top made of grey cast iron, with a polished surface, Adjustable thicknesser shafts for optimal transport of the processed element, Stable working gauge, tiltable in the range of 90°- 45°, Precisely mounted belt-return knife shaft, Thicknesser table with central column guide and stabilizer, Space-saving lateral placement of the profile gauge Scope of delivery: - knives (mounted), - heavy profile gauge, - two rollers in the lower thicknesser table Coljfrn Hhoin Tlgogt Optional equipment: - horizontal drill,- spare knives 410 x 25 x 3.0 mm Net price: PLN 15,700 Net price: EUR 3,750 depending on the price EUR 4.2 (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7590 Technical data: - shaft width 500mm - 3-knife shaft - shaft cover - top length 2360mm - cast iron tops - both tops adjustable - cast iron guide adjustable at an angle - engine approx. 3kW - dimensions length/width/height 2360x1000x1000mm - weight 630kg Advantages: - Italian production - used planer - intended for professional use Net price: PLN 6900 Cgolin Tev Nhpmolgjt Net price: EUR 1620 Net price calculated according to the exchange rate of PLN 4.25/EUR (with greater exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 7303 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width 640mm - number of knives 3pcs - max. thickness of the processed element 250mm from above: - pawls - toothed input shaft, pulling - clamps - planing shaft - clamps - smooth output shaft, pulling Colin Tor Hbw Djlgjgt from below: - adjustable rollers in the lower table 2pcs - 7.5kW motor - electric lifting of the table - lifting motor 0.75kW - 4 types of feed speeds - feed motor 1.5kW - diameter of the extraction nozzle 140mm - dimensions L/W/H 1120x1250x1680mm - weight 1033kg - Polish production - used thicknesser, very good condition good Original photos Net price: 21900PLN Net price: 5160 EUR depending on the price 4.25 EUR (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7134 TECHNICAL DATA - max planing width 500mm - max planing height 190mm from above: - pawls - sequential pulling shaft - 2 rows of clamps - sequential pulling input shaft - 500mm, 4-knife planing shaft, 7.5kW motor - clamps - smooth pulling shaft, output - output clamp from below: - adjustable input table + clamp - smooth sliding shaft - 500mm, 4-knife planing shaft, 5.5kW motor Cgoliopmtcksn Tlgot - 2 smooth sliding shafts - side clamp from the back: - side spindles 1) vertical right 140mm 4kW 2) vertical left 140mm 4kW - spindle diameter 40mm - spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - smooth feed speed regulation 8-30m/min - electric table top lifting - exhaust port diameters 2x145mm, 2x160mm - dimensions length/width/height 2050x1700x1700mm - weight 2100kg ADVANTAGES - ideal for floor processing - electric table top lifting - Czech production - used planer, very good condition Net price: PLN 37,900 Net price: EUR 8,920 depending on the price of EUR 4.25 (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 7275 TECHNICAL DATA - max planing width 610mm - max planing height 200mm from above: - toothed, pulling input shaft - pawls - 2 clamps - toothed pulling shaft - clamp - 610mm, 4-knife 7.5kW planing shaft - clamps - smooth pulling shaft from below: - guide bar - adjustable input table with smooth sliding, divided shaft - 610mm, 4-knife 5.5kW planing shaft - 2 smooth, sliding, pulling shafts Cjlin Tlerq Db Degsgt - side clamp from behind: - side spindles + clamps 2: 1) vertical right 5.5kW 2) vertical left 5kW - max planing height on side spindles 200mm - spindle diameter 35mm - spindles adjustable up/down, right/left 3) additional horizontal spindle 160mm, adjustable up/down + right/left + angle approx. 4kW - possibility of planing with an additional spindle from the top/bottom/side - spindle diameter 35mm - adjustable rollers in the lower table - 2 types of feed speeds - feed motor 2.2kW - diameter of the exhaust port 120mm - dimensions length/width/height 2550x1700x1350mm - weight approx. 3000kg ADVANTAGES - wide planing machine for wet and dry wood - ideal for processing logs, flooring, etc. - 2 shafts horizontal planing + 2 vertical spindles + 1 horizontal spindle - heads included - manufactured by the German brand KUPFERMUHLE - used planer, very good condition Original photos Net price: PLN 58,900 Net price: EUR 13,860 depending on the price of EUR 4.25 (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 7265 TECHNICAL DATA PLAINER: - shaft width 510mm - silencing comb - shaft cover - original cast iron guide adjustable at an angle - table top length 2060mm - both tables adjustable - diameter of the exhaust port 150mm THICKNESSING MACHINE: - max. thickness of the processed element on the thicknesser 200mm - thicknesser shaft cover - electric cutting height adjustment from above: - pawls - infeed roller, pulling, toothed - pressure - planing roller - pressure - outfeed roller, pulling, smooth Celsrm I T Hsin Tlgsgt from below: - 2 adjustable rollers in the lower table - 2 types of feed speed 7.14m/min - diameter exhaust nozzle 150mm - brake - main engine 4kW - dimensions length/width/height 2200x1400x1050mm - weight 1055kg ADVANTAGES - German production - brake - noise reduction comb - electric planing height adjustment - unpainted - very good condition, used machine Original photos Movie of the machine start-up: youtube.com/watch?v=7_aygbppcsY Net price: PLN 16900 Net price: EUR 3950 depending on the price of EUR 4.25 (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 6935 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width 630mm - number of knives 4pcs - max. thickness of the processed element 210mm * from above: - pawls - toothed input shaft, pulling - clamps - planing shaft - clamps - smooth output shaft, pulling * from below: - adjustable rollers in the lower table 2pcs - 4.4kW motor - 2 types of feed speed Celinsk Uyias Tlgjgt - dimensions length/width/height 1220x950x1060mm - weight 750kg ADVANTAGES - German production - used thicknesser, very good condition Net price: PLN 16900 Net price: EUR 3970 Net price calculated according to the exchange rate of 4.25 PLN/EUR (in case of larger exchange rate fluctuations the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 6904 TECHNICAL DATA - max. width of the processed element 230mm - max. height of the processed element 130mm 6 spindles: 1) horizontal lower 230mm 5.5kW 2) vertical right 130mm Cslin Tjkvm T Hslgjgt 3) vertical left 130mm (2nd and 3rd spindle) 7.5kW 4) horizontal upper 230mm 5.5kW 5) horizontal lower 230mm 5.5kW 6) universal 230mm, adjustable at an angle of 360° 5.5kW - all spindles adjustable up/down, right/left - spindle 1,2,3,4,5 equipped with an electric brake - spindle diameter 40mm - 5 input rollers, pulling, toothed from above - 4 from above smooth, rubber, pulling rollers, including 2 double ones - rubber, pulling roller from below - feed on Cardan rollers - pneumatically pressed rollers - smooth regulation of feed speed - 4kW feed motor - working pressure 6-10bar - electric setting of planing thickness - body lifting motor approx. 0.55kW - central table lubrication - length of the infeed table 1970mm - diameter of the extraction nozzles 2x140mm, 4x135mm - dimensions length/width/height 4430x1830x2000mm - weight approx. 3500kg ADVANTAGES - German production, WEINIG brand - for 6 heads - DTR documentation - universal spindle - used planer, very good condition Net price: PLN 97,900 Net price: EUR 23,000 Net price calculated according to the exchange rate of PLN 4.25/EUR (in case of larger exchange rate fluctuations the price may change)

Condition: used, CATALOG NUMBER 7589 Technical data: - shaft width 610mm - number of knives 4pcs - max. thickness of the processed element 200mm - from the top: - pawls - toothed input shaft, pulling - pressure - planing shaft - pressure pads - smooth output shaft, pulling - from the bottom: - adjustable rollers in the lower table 2pcs - motor approx. 7.5kW - 2 types of feed speed - dimensions length/width/height 1300x1300x1000mm - weight 878kg Advantages: - Polish production - 4-knife shaft - used thicknesser, very good condition Cjlinsv Nhl Ie Tlgsgt Net price: PLN 7900 Net price: EUR 1840 Net price calculated according to the exchange rate 4.25 PLN/EUR (price may change with larger exchange rate fluctuations) * MAR-MASZ guarantees the quality of your purchase, but is not an authorized representative of the manufacturer. We use all trademarks and names only for informational purposes, enabling identification of the product. We only resell goods that the manufacturer has previously introduced to the market. We have no business relationship with the manufacturer.

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 7266 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width 530mm - 4-knife shaft - noise reduction comb - shaft cover - table top length 2900mm - longer feed-in table 1655mm - cast iron table tops - both table tops adjustable - original cast iron adjustable guide - brake - diameter of the exhaust port 140mm - 4kW engine - dimensions length/width/height 2900x1000x1210mm - weight 695kg ADVANTAGES Csljrm Nfbein Tlgogt - German production - 4-knife shaft - brake - noise reduction comb - longer feed-in table - unpainted - used planer, very good condition Original photos Start-up video machines: youtube.com/watch?v=v_3ECkLDWVI Net price: PLN 18,900 Net price: EUR 4,440 depending on the price of EUR 4.25 (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 6647 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width 350mm Cjlish Up Txjn Tlgegt - max. thickness of the processed element 230mm - 3-knife planing shaft * from above: - pawls - toothed, pulling, torsional input shaft - pressure - planing shaft - smooth, pulling output shaft * from below: - adjustable shaft in the lower table - 2.2kW motor - 2 types of feed speeds - dimensions length/width/height 720x810x1000mm - weight 352kg Net price: PLN 9900 Net price: EUR 2320 Net price calculated according to the exchange rate of PLN 4.25/EUR (in case of greater exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 7060 TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width 640mm - number of knives 3pcs - max. thickness of the processed element 250mm from above: - pawls - toothed input shaft, pulling - clamps - planing shaft - clamps - smooth output shaft, pulling from below: - 2pcs. adjustable rollers in the lower table top Celin Tjmv Ev Ijlgegt - 7.5kW motor - electric table top lifting - 1.1kW lifting motor - 2 types of feed speeds - 1.1kW feed motor - dimensions length/width/height 1200x1320x1300mm - weight 1060kg - Polish production - used thicknesser, very good condition Net price: PLN 21,900 Net price: EUR 5,160 depending on the price of EUR 4.25 (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), TECHNICAL DATA - shaft width 500mm - number of knives 4pcs - max. thickness of the processed element 230mm from above: - pawls - toothed, pulling, sequential input shaft - clamps - planing shaft - clamp - smooth, pulling output shaft from below: - adjustable pulling rollers in the lower table top 2pcs - 5.5kW motor - electric lifting of the table top - 0.37kW lifting motor of the table top - smooth regulation of the feed speed - diameter of the extraction nozzle 150mm - dimensions length/width/height 1000x1000x1350mm - weight 690kg ADVANTAGES – electric lifting of the table top – 4-knife shaft – pulling rollers in the lower countertop - used thicknesser, very good condition Cjlisqv Aivsn Tlgjgt Net price: PLN 16,900 Net price: EUR 3,990 depending on the price of EUR 4.25 (Prices may change with higher fluctuations)