Used Recycling Electrocables for sale (2,250)

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2016, CARBOMA single-shaft shredder Iodjwny Rfspfx Abvstd A device used for final shredding of plastics, mixed municipal waste, electrical wires, electronics, rubber, glass, ceramics, paper, cardboard, wood, etc. Manufacturer: CARBOMA (currently ICT S.A. Wyry) Model: PURSAN RK 2000 Year of production: 2016 Max power: 160 kW Total weight: 15,000 kg Rotor diameter: 600 mm Rotor length: 2000 mm Working shaft speed: 80-200 rpm Number of knives: 156 pcs Sieve thickness: 12 mm Sieve hole diameter: 30 mm Efficiency: up to 12 tons (depending on the type of shredded material) Technical condition: used, functional

Year of construction: 2012, condition: refurbished (used), Fresh concrete recycling plant BIBKO RAM 20/ used manufactory: Bibko type: RAM 20 YOM: 2012 Capacity: ca. 12 m³/h system washing trough, trough length 2500 mm separating layer 0,25 mm with discharge conveyor screw (new) overhauled/reconditioned and exactly aligned - gear reconditioned (overhauled) and sealed - all bearings are new - buckets and scraper exactly aligned Optional by surcharge: - 1 pcs feed hopper / used - 1 pcs agitator (wastewater) with console / used - 1 pcs control unit / used -for the full automatic control of the complete plant - 1 pcs gallows-shaped pipe/ used Facility is fully equipped, clean and primed. The final painting according to customer's request. location: South Germany Itedpfx Abedvuurevjd offer and all price are net and ex stock without guarantee and/or guarantee, mistakes and/or false representations reserve, purchasing like see / how is it – standing or recumbent, subject prior sale _____ IT IS FORBIDDEN TO COPY OR PUBLICATE THIS OFFER BY ANY THIRD PARTIE OR THIRD PERSON.

Condition: new, functionality: fully functional, power: 7.5 kW (10.20 HP), fuel type: diesel, color: green, empty load weight: 2,300 kg, emission class: none, mast type: other, brakes: other, Year of construction: 2026, Equipment: hydraulics, TICAB RA 800 | Mini Asphalt Plant & Asphalt Recycler – Hot Mix Asphalt Machine The TICAB RA 800 is a compact asphalt recycler and mini asphalt plant for pothole repair, asphalt patching, crack filling, hot mix production, and road resurfacing. Perfect for municipal streets, highways, parking lots, driveways, and industrial pavements. Itedpsx Uqfyjfx Abvod • Hot mix asphalt recycler for on-site RAP processing • Output: up to 800 kg/h • Diesel-fired heating system ensures uniform temperature • Mobile, compact, and easy to operate • Ideal for contractors, municipalities, paving companies, and road maintenance crews Keywords: asphalt recycler, mini asphalt plant, RA 800, hot mix asphalt recycler, asphalt repair machine, pothole repair equipment, RAP processing, municipal asphalt equipment, TICAB RA 800 Key Features: • Mini asphalt plant & asphalt recycler RA 800 for on-site hot mix asphalt production and RAP recycling • Diesel-fired heating system with precise temperature control for consistent hot mix quality • Output capacity: up to 800 kg/h for medium-scale repairs • Compact, mobile, and easy to operate on construction sites, municipal roads, highways, parking areas, driveways, bike paths, and industrial pavements • Supports bitumen emulsion, tack coat, and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) • Durable, robust construction for long-term heavy-duty use • Designed for road contractors, paving companies, municipalities, and civil engineering works Applications: • Asphalt recycling and RAP processing • Hot mix asphalt production and transport • Road repair, pothole patching, crack filling, and resurfacing • Municipal streets, highways, parking lots, driveways, and industrial surfaces Why Choose TICAB RA 800: The TICAB RA 800 Asphalt Recycler combines mini asphalt plant capability with on-site recycling efficiency, allowing contractors and municipalities to produce high-quality hot mix asphalt, reduce material costs, and maintain durable road surfaces. Compact, reliable, and versatile, the RA 800 is the perfect choice for all asphalt repair, resurfacing, and pavement maintenance projects.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Complete plastics recycling line for films and fibre materials from Taiwan leading Plastics Recycling Machinery manufacturer. GENIUS Machinery Co who have more than 30 years of recycling extruder production and experience. Extruder can be fed without size reduction or shredding.. Materials in baled, loose or reel form can be fed. Line can be supplied complete with Belt conveyor, Cutter compactor, Main extruder, Filtration system, (variety of types to suit requirements), Hot pellet die-face cutting device, Centrifugal pellet dryer, Vibrating screener, Storage silo for pellets. Additional ancillary equipment can be supplied . A two stage " Cascade" version is also available for heavily printed films, or very dirty films requiring double filtration. Alternative sizes from 100 kgs per hr up to 1200 kgs per hr can be offered. Full sales and support and training is available in UK and Europe for these extremely modern and economic machines. Iedpfswg R Rtjx Abvstd

Year of construction: 2006, condition: refurbished (used), functionality: fully functional, Starlinger Extruder - Screw diameter: 65 mm - Refurbished - Degassing zones - Filter / screen changer - Strand die Data sheet, see photos. Optionally with water bath & strand pelletizer, etc. We are available for any further questions. Itedpfx Aehgq Ahsbvod Commissioning and testing available upon request. In stock

Year of construction: 2023, condition: new, Motor cutter, motor stator recycling machine Ijdpfxjmcbpce Abvotd Power:4KW/380V Applicable scope: Recycling copper winding of stator within Φ8cm - Φ25cm. Speed: 8-30p/h Dimensions( L*W*H)：180cm*90cm*195cm Weight: 1450Kg

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2009, operating hours: 7,500 h, Asphalt Recycling Granulator. The ad is being edited, more detailed specifications & Plant description will follow. Ijdowcggiepfx Abvotd Transport can be organized if required. Welcome to Oussman-Machinery Please feel free to contact us for any further information. We speak: english, german, arabic & french.

Condition: used, High-performance baler MACFAB - BEMA type 650A Hydraulic press for packaging waste, recyclable renewable raw materials, secondary raw materials Manufacturer no. MF J0162 Year of manufacture 2021 Pressing force 50 tons. Press plate stroke approx. 1000 mm Cycle time per stroke approx. 40 sec. Pressing chamber floor area 1500 x 1100 mm Pressing chamber height 1650 mm Filling opening 1500 x 870 mm Filling height approx. 1250 mm Iedpfx Absvq Rtkjvetd Bale format 1500 x 1100 mm Bale height max. 1100 mm Hydraulic operating pressure 200 bar Motor power 5.5 kW Mains connection 400 volts, 50 Hz, 12 amps. - with two hydraulic cylinders - Door locking via threaded spindle with handwheel - Pressing operation only with the pressing chamber door closed - 2-hand operation for hydraulic tipping of the finished pressed bale - Free space for manual strapping - Standard industrial bales of 1500 x 1100 x 1100 mm are produced - the highly compressed bale is automatically tipped onto a pallet - only 62 operating hours Space requirement L x W x H 2120 x 1350 x 3220 mm Height for transport with lowered hydraulic cylinders approx. 260 cm Weight 1.8 ton. The machine is in very good condition, as good as new. The press has a new price of EUR 22,200 net at BEMA The BEMA company also buys the packaging waste that you press into bales with this press.

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, Recycled board end-cutting machine. Ijdpjurmqdofx Abvjtd Utilization of recycled board

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, Dimensions (L/W/H) 3000x3000x1800 mm Weight 1000 kg Itodpfjv A E I Hjx Abved Total power requirement 10 kw

Condition: used, power: 7 kW (9.52 HP), Year of construction: 2023, Our smallest drum sieve the REMAV RS1500 is designed for space-saving sieving and, with a small space requirement, can separate larger quantities of screenings and lay them over conveyor belts and in heaps! As a car trailer with street legal (80 km / h) with TüV it is easy to transport with 2.4 to total weight. Processing of all kinds of soils, broken rubble or compost - the RS 1500 is ideal for use in gardening and landscaping, civil engineering or pipeline construction. Iedpferrvx Tjx Abvotd

Year of construction: 2023, condition: used, The drum sieve REMAV RS1500 is designed for space-saving sieving and, with a small space requirement, can separate larger quantities of screenings and lay them over conveyor belts and in heaps! Iodorrvy Ajpfx Abvstd As a car trailer with street legal (80 km / h) with TüV it is easy to transport with 2.4 to total weight. Processing of all kinds of soils, broken rubble or compost - the RS 1500 is ideal for use in gardening and landscaping, civil engineering or pipeline construction!

Condition: used, power: 7 kW (9.52 HP), Year of construction: 2023, Our smallest drum sieve the REMAV RS1500 is designed for space-saving sieving and, with a small space requirement, can separate larger quantities of screenings and lay them over conveyor belts and in heaps! Iedpsrrvyuofx Abvstd As a car trailer with street legal (80 km / h) with TüV it is easy to transport with 2.4 to total weight. Processing of all kinds of soils, broken rubble or compost - the RS 1500 is ideal for use in gardening and landscaping, civil engineering or pipeline construction.

Year of construction: 2023, condition: used, Our smallest drum sieve the REMAV RS1500 is designed for space-saving sieving and, with a small space requirement, can separate larger quantities of screenings and lay them over conveyor belts and in heaps! As a car trailer with street legal (80 km / h) with TüV it is easy to transport with 2.4 to total weight. Processing of all kinds of soils, broken rubble or compost - the RS 1500 is ideal for use in gardening and landscaping, civil engineering or pipeline construction. Iodshg Epaepfx Abvotd

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, power: 7 kW (9.52 HP), fuel type: diesel, overall weight: 2,400 kg, Year of construction: 2023, Used drum screen. The drum sieve REMAV RS1500 is designed for space-saving sieving and, with a small space requirement, can separate larger quantities of screenings and lay them over conveyor belts and in heaps! As a car trailer with street legal (80 km / h) with TüV it is easy to transport with 2.4 to total weight. Processing of all kinds of soils, broken rubble or compost - the RS 1500 is ideal for use in gardening and landscaping, civil engineering or pipeline construction! Ijdpfouccyzox Abvotd

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2007, Reinforced hardox vibrating hopper Hopper width 110 CM BRAND: KLEEMANN TYPE: M10019628 N°: 406205132 Itodpovdqpxjfx Abved

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, ‼️NEW FEATURE – NOW WITH SIEMENS TOUCH SCREEN‼️ For improved operation and control! Leasing is also available! Always with linear monthly payments and no increased final installment! Term 36 months. Rate factor 3.0694% Term 48 months. Rate factor 2.3697% Term 60 months. Rate factor 1.9456% IMPORTANT‼️ Currently, there are machines from China being offered on various platforms. Most CE certificates are counterfeit, and there is no EU conformity. The electrical systems are also usually not compliant with German regulations. Several clients have contacted us, asking how it’s possible to obtain copper from these machines, as they only get shredded cable mixtures. Based on our own tests two years ago, we can confirm that these machines do not produce clean copper. Such machines are not permitted for use in Germany! German quality, CE certified with EU conformity, and available for live demonstration. We recommend buying locally here in Germany: German warranties, German laws, fixed prices, and German-speaking support in case of problems – all only with machines purchased from us. You are welcome to arrange a site visit to see our quality in person. Live demonstrations available! For all recycling needs, we have shredders and other recycling machinery in stock in Heilbronn! Here is our new, unique machine – a world exclusive, only available from us in Heilbronn. Water-cooled system. Very efficient, clean copper granulate: 99.7% purity. We are a German company operating under German law. Excellent quality with warranty and service. Our German-speaking skilled workers, all certified, can assist you at any time. We have our own trucks, service vans, and offer prompt support and advice. See for yourself on site – don’t just decide based on pictures or videos. We granulate ourselves and can demonstrate this live. S300 with water cooling and fan – developed and assembled in Germany by us. With our equipment, you can also separate radiator copper: Input: ➡️ Copper-aluminum radiators Output: ➡️ Separated copper and aluminum. Any iron parts and screws are separated via magnetic belt as their own fraction (pre-shredder required). Since we use our own machines for copper recycling, our systems are continuously modernized, optimized for long service life, and constantly improved. Maintenance, spare parts, modifications, and upgrades are provided by our trained staff! From stranded wire, extension cables, automotive cables, telephone cables, NYM cables – recycle it all with our machines! Granulation Plant S300 ➡️ For cables from 0.1–40mm ➡️ Up to approx. 250 kg/h input – meaning, with 50% copper content in the cable, you can recover 5kg of 99.7% pure copper granulate from 10kg of input, which can be sold at premium prices. ➡️ Total connected load: 24 kW ➡️ Including separation tables Iodpjp E Efcsfx Abvotd ➡️ 380-volt connection ➡️ UVV compliant, implemented by a German company ➡️ Conveyor belts included ➡️ Magnetic belt included (for steel separation) ➡️ Transport can be organized From €24,999.00 net +19% VAT €4,748.81 Gross €29,748.81 Subject to errors and prior sale.

Year of construction: 2024, condition: new, We also offer leasing and financing options. Feel free to contact us! For all recycling needs, we have shredders and other recycling machines in stock at our Leingarten facility! Whether copper recycling or plastic recycling, you can source all machines from us. Don't hesitate to ask. ‼️Immediately available for pickup ‼️ In stock ‼️ ‼️Watch videos on our website ‼️ Two-shaft shredder 80 cm shaft width 2 motors with 18.5 kW each Iodpfx Aep E Egpsbvjtd Very powerful shredder for tires, steel, wood, cables, plastics, etc. – universal shredder. Robust, durable – Quality checked by Josan. Available from our stock. Net price: €33,000 Errors excepted. Images/price may vary.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, We also offer leasing and financing options. Feel free to contact us! For all types of recycling, we have shredders and other recycling machinery in stock in Heilbronn. From copper recycling to plastic recycling, you can purchase all types of machines from us. Please don't hesitate to ask. ‼️IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE‼️ IN STOCK‼️ Shredder for pre-shredding of cables, plastics, etc. – ALL-PURPOSE SHREDDER. ➡️Motor: 11 kW ➡️40 cm shafts ➡️380V 60 Hz 3-phase Itedpfx Aop E Eiyebvod ➡️Dimensions (LxWxH): 1350x700x1600 mm ➡️Weight: approx. 800 kg Net: €13,999.00 +19% VAT: €2,659.81 Gross: €16,658.81 Errors excepted. Images may differ.

Year of construction: 2025, condition: new, We also offer leasing and financing options. Feel free to ask us! ‼️ATTENTION‼️ Machines currently being offered by Chinese dealers on various portals often have fake CE markings. They do not comply with EU standards and are not electrically permissible in Germany. Several customers have contacted us, asking how to extract copper from such machines, as they only produce shredded cable mixtures. Based on our own tests two years ago, we can confirm: these machines do not yield pure copper. Operation of such equipment in Germany is not permitted! Buy from us and benefit from our expertise—see for yourself on-site in Heilbronn. We will support you for years and help you reliably separate quality copper. Your Josan & Söhne Team! German quality—CE certified, EU-compliant, and available for live demonstration—not just processed or edited videos. We strongly recommend buying locally here in Germany: German warranties, compliance with German laws, fixed prices, and German-language assistance for any issues. All this is exclusively provided for machines purchased from us. You are welcome to schedule an appointment and inspect our quality in person. Remember, videos can be edited—visit us for live demonstrations‼️ For all recycling needs, we have shredders and other recycling machines in stock in Heilbronn! From copper recycling to plastic recycling, you can purchase all necessary machinery from us. Feel free to inquire. ‼️CAN BE VIEWED ON SITE‼️ Our compact model functions just as efficiently as our larger models—just smaller and more affordable. Copper granulate, prime quality. Usable in any garage. Approx. 20-30 kg input per hour. From stranded cables, extension cords, automotive cables, telephone cables, NYM cables—you can recycle it all with our machines! Josan Cable Granulation System E30 We are happy to demonstrate the machine live in Leingarten—by appointment only! We are located in Heilbronn—a German company with German laws, warranty, and service! We also speak English! ‼️Please contact us if you have any further questions! We can only respond if you provide your name, address, email, and phone number. Otherwise, your inquiry may be filtered as spam. We will get in touch and advise you in advance!‼️ Here is our entry-level model: Isdpfep E Efyjx Abvetd ➡️Operates on 380 V ➡️For cable diameters approx. 0.1-30 mm ➡️Power approx. 4.2 kW ➡️Input approx. 20-30 kg/h ➡️Weight approx. 310 kg ➡️Dimensions approx. 88×74×173 cm ➡️Equipped with accident prevention (UVV), implemented by a German company This system enables you to process cables for copper recovery. We also offer larger systems and accessories such as hydraulic cable cutters, electric motor splitters, triple separators, and more. Complete solutions for cable recycling. When you buy from us, you also buy our service! This is vital for these machines! PLEASE NOTE: Our service is only available for machines and accessories purchased from us. Thanks to our know-how and machinery, you actually obtain copper granulate—instead of unseparated material. Net price: €8,999.00 + 19% VAT: €1,709.81 Gross price: €10,708.81 CE-certified machines from us. Errors excepted. Images, prices, and equipment specifications may vary.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, The 3E Machinery tire recycling system is a state-of-the-art, modular industrial line engineered for the efficient processing of used passenger, truck, and industrial tires into clean fractions such as rubber granules, steel, and textile fibers. This installation provides high throughput, low energy consumption, and full compliance with environmental protection standards. Comprehensive Tire Processing Technology • The system comprises several processing stages that guarantee complete material downsizing and separation: • Pre-cutting and primary shredding of whole tires • Multi-stage size reduction with dual-shaft and four-shaft shredders • Granulation and fine milling of rubber • Magnetic separation of steel • Air and cyclone separation of textile fibers • Final purification and classification of rubber granulate This process enables the production of high-quality rubber granules in various sizes (from 30 mm down to 1–4 mm), as well as clean steel suitable for recycling. System Throughput and Application Range • Throughput: from 500 kg/h to over 10,000 kg/h • Material types: passenger car tires, truck tires, industrial tires, solid tires, bead-reinforced tires • Final output products: o rubber granules (30 mm, 10 mm, 1–4 mm) o rubber powder o steel o textile fibers Isdpfx Abex Aidbsvjtd • Optional low-noise and low-dust engineering packages available The layout can be customized to match the client's required capacity and available plant space. Why partner with our company – Official European Representative of 3E Machinery • Competitive pricing without intermediary markups. We offer equipment directly from the factory in China, without additional distributor or agent margins, ensuring highly competitive pricing while maintaining full manufacturer quality. • Comprehensive technical and commercial support. Based on client specifications, we select the appropriate line configuration, define process parameters, capacity, and technology scope—ensuring a perfect match for each project. • Full assistance throughout the entire procurement cycle. We support customers from the initial inquiry, through technical discussions, payment terms, and to the conclusion of the final agreement with the manufacturer. • Logistics and transportation support. We assist with organizing international transport, customs clearance, and required documentation so delivery proceeds smoothly and without complications. • Extensive experience in the recycling industry. As a long-standing European representative of 3E Machinery, we provide practical know-how and market expertise that greatly simplifies the purchasing process.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, The 3E Machinery lithium battery recycling system is an advanced, fully integrated technological solution designed for the safe, efficient, and environmentally responsible processing of spent lithium batteries and electrode materials. The line combines state-of-the-art crushing, separation, thermal treatment, and industrial automation technologies, enabling the recovery of valuable raw materials while maintaining the highest safety standards. Comprehensive Resource Recovery Technology The recycling process utilizes a series of physical and thermal operations, including: • Multi-stage crushing • Gravity and air separation • Precision screening • Drying and low-temperature pyrolysis • Exhaust gas purification • Central dust removal and fully sealed material conveying Itjdpfx Absxz A R Esvsd Depending on the selected process configuration, the system enables the recovery of key fractions such as copper, aluminum, separator film, black mass, electrolyte, and additional components. Key System Features 1. Safe and Controlled Crushing • Specialized, patented shredders and crushers specifically designed for lithium batteries • Capable of processing charged batteries thanks to gas protection technology and multi-level fire prevention systems • Three-stage crushing process ensures optimum material liberation 2. High-Efficiency Material Separation • Air separation system with up to 99% efficiency for separating light and heavy fractions • Combined static and dynamic screening for optimal recovery of black mass • Precise gravity separation of copper and aluminum granules 3. Thermal Processing – Drying and Pyrolysis • Drying at 100–150°C with the possibility of recovering condensed electrolyte; separator films remain intact for further processing • Low-temperature pyrolysis at 450–600°C effectively removes organic matter and improves the quality of recovered black mass • Advanced exhaust treatment system utilizing catalytic oxidation, alkaline scrubbing, and activated carbon filtration to meet emission standards 4. Full Automation and Operational Safety • Central control system based on Siemens PLC, compatible with MODBUS TCP/IP, PROFINET, and OPC • Modular design ensures flexibility, easy maintenance, and scalable system configuration • Fully enclosed conveying and central dust removal systems maintain a clean and safe working environment System Capacity and Technical Scope • Processing capacity: 500 to 20,000 tons per year • Installed power: 150–1280 kW Applications: • Spent EV and industrial batteries • Consumer lithium-ion batteries (3C) • Positive and negative electrode sheets • Modules, cells, and production scrap Layout: Custom-designed according to client facility requirements. Optional Extensions: • 3E Machinery also offers complementary systems, including: • Battery pack dismantling lines • Separator film cleaning and recycling lines • Black mass refining and purification systems • Aluminum and steel component recycling solutions Why Choose 3E Machinery Technology? • Over 20 years of expertise in recycling technologies • Proprietary patented equipment, including lithium battery crushers and shredders • High level of automation and advanced process safety • Global references with numerous installations across Europe and Asia • Comprehensive support from design to commissioning and after-sales service.

Condition: used, Technical information: - Engine power - 11 kW - Maximum engine diameter - 690 mm - Minimum engine diameter - 150 mm -Two types of clamping jaws Itsdpfxovuqn Ne Abvsd - Foot switch - Weight - 1250 kg - Dimensions - 2950 × 1150 × 1250 mm - Control panel with an electrical security system For further information please refer to the technical data sheet or request it.

Condition: new, Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: SAPI Jumbo, pressure: 12 bar, total width: 3,087 mm, total height: 2,078 mm, total length: 3,692 mm, overall weight: 3,000 kg, inner dimension width: 2,340 mm, inner dimension length: 3,520 mm, inner dimension height: 2,500 mm, workpiece weight (max.): 500 kg, filter area: 20 m², Equipment: lighting, Efficient and Ready-to-Use JUMBO Blasting Cabin This fully assembled, walk-in JUMBO blasting cabin provides a comprehensive solution for efficient blasting operations. Equipped with two LED blasting lights, it ensures optimal illumination of the workspace. The double-wing door allows easy access and handling of larger workpieces, while the blast-resistant rubber lining on the walls protects the interior from wear and extends the cabin’s lifespan. For air filtration and dust reduction, the cabin features a high-performance cartridge filter and an impact separator, ensuring a clean working environment. The flat conveyor system in the floor, covered with a grated surface, enables the automatic return transport of the blasting media, while the electric drive unit for the conveyor system guarantees smooth operation. Additionally, the cabin is equipped with a bucket elevator and a high-performance abrasive recycling unit, allowing for efficient processing and reuse of blasting media. The 38-liter pressure blasting pot provides sufficient capacity for extended blasting cycles. The package also includes a 10-meter-long blasting hose and a durable boron carbide nozzle, ensuring optimal blasting performance. Ideal for Professional Blasting Operations This blasting cabin is the perfect solution for businesses that require a reliable and efficient system for blasting work. ✔ Custom features, such as loading trolleys, are also available upon request. ✔ Compressed air, electrical supply, and installation must be provided on-site. Iodpfx Aeukdfpjbvstd If you are interested or have any questions, feel free to contact us at any time!

Year of construction: 2021, condition: new, Aluminum angled conveyor incl. substructure horizontal range 1500mm Rising area 2500mm Angle in the bend: 35° Conveyor belt width 400mm PVC conveyor belt including driver and corrugated edge Drive: Motor 0.55KW (adjustable), speed approx. 0.3m/sec Connection 220/240V, 50Hz protection class IP54 Drive etc. ready for connection, motor control optional 6x adjustable machine feet for alignment Wavy edge: 40x35mm (customizable) T-20 lugs - 400mm pitch (customizable) 2-layer particularly laterally stable Itodpfx Aboht Ux Aovsd