Used wide belt sanders 0-999mm working width for sale (86)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2016, Working width: 950 mm Knedpfxjzd Uzzs Acheb Min height of processed material: 3 mm Max height of processed material: 160 mm Sanding belt size: 950x1900 mm Sanding belt speed: 18 m/s Feeding belt speed: 4.5/9 m/min Air consumption: 20/180 L/min Air pressure: 5.5 bar Air pressure for blowing off the sanding belt: 8 bar Extraction port diameter: 150 mm Main engine power: 7.5 kW Power: 400V Overall dimensions: Length: 1400mm Width: 1520mm Height: 1800mm

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1992, Used Machine Year of manufacture: 1992 Features and technical specifications: - Designed for small workshops, with 1 Combi unit that sands from above - Working width: 950 mm - Sanding belt dimensions: 970 mm wide, 1,700 mm long - 1 combined contact roller/sanding shoe unit, drive motor 7.5 kW, with contact roller (85 Shore) and sanding shoe with felt pad and sliding surface - DFL veneer sanding device - Protected sanding shoe storage compartment inside the machine - Sanding belt drive with automatic star-delta start-up and maintenance-free, wear-free electric braking system - Additional storage compartment for an extra sanding tongue - Safety shut-off when the door is opened - Pneumatic sanding belt tensioning device - Belt feed mechanism, driven by a worm gear motor, feed speeds of 4 and 8 m/min, and automatic control for belt travel - LED digital display for workpiece thickness adjustment - Safety shut-off at the machine inlet in case of excessive workpiece thickness Knsdpfxszy Dzco Achjb - Indicator lights to show operational readiness - Optimally positioned dust extraction hood with connection (D=160 mm) for the sanding belt - Roller table at the infeed - Complete pneumatic control system, including automatic pressure switch, control and monitoring devices - All electrical switching elements—main switch, fuses, contactor control with motor protection relays, and display devices—in VDE-compliant design - Total connected load: approx. 9 kW - Operating voltage: 380 V, 50 Hz - Dimensions: approx. 1500 x 1650 x 2000 mm - Weight: approx. 1200 kg

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2026, Compact wide-belt sanding machine with combination sanding unit Promotional features: - Switching the sanding pad on and off from the control panel - Switching the roller on and off from the control panel - Electronic control system Fox 500 KTR - Table extension with 2 rollers, with infeed and outfeed - Automatic table positioning with push button Article number: 5222100A2 Also suitable for smaller workshops for occasional use Combination sanding unit with sanding pad for fine sanding Standard equipment includes a diagonally grooved steel roller, Ø 120 mm, for calibrating Fine adjustment of the working height Clear control panel on the front Robust, tubular-reinforced monoblock steel machine body, robot-welded, with work units mounted high up for maximum rigidity Motorized height adjustment of the work table with digital display Electronically controlled sanding belt oscillation Carpet feed via geared motor with two speeds Natural rubber feed carpet with a negative profile Flexible steel pressure bar in front of the first unit Rubber pressure rollers, in front of or behind each work unit Pneumatic belt tensioning per unit with decimal correction option for grit size/belt thickness Universally applicable for solid wood and veneer thanks to the combination unit Entry-level model for smaller companies Working width 950 mm Equipment details: Combination unit for calibrating and sanding Diagonally grooved steel roller, Ø 120 mm, with fine height adjustment Hard sanding pad with graphite pad Universal design for calibrating and sanding solid wood, chipboard and veneer Technical data Length (product) approx. 1388 mm Height (product) approx. 1668 mm Width/Depth (product) approx. 1545 mm Connection for dust extraction Dust extraction nozzle diameter 140 mm Electrical data Ksdpfsgf Sw Nex Achonb Connection voltage 400V Current type AC Phase(s) 3Ph Mains frequency 50Hz Power feed motor 0.33 / 0.55 kW Power height adjustment motor 0.25 kW Power drive motor 7.5 kW Sanding unit Sanding belt length 1525 mm Sanding width max. 950 mm Sanding belt width 970 mm Feed unit Feed speed 4.5 / 9 m/min Workpiece Workpiece height min. 4 mm Workpiece height max. 170 mm

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER: 6916 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. width of workpiece: 200 mm - Max. height of workpiece: 150 mm - 2 sanding units: upper – metal roller + backing pad + metal roller Knjdjzty Npopfx Acheb lower – metal roller + backing pad + metal roller from above: - metal pressure roller - sanding unit - slip metal pressure roller - cleaning brush - conveyor belt from below: - conveyor belt - 2 slip metal rollers, smooth - sanding unit - metal pressure roller - cleaning brush - output roller - electrically adjustable sanding height - pneumatic oscillation of sanding belts - stepless feed rate adjustment - feed motors: 0.55 kW - main motors: 2 x 4 kW - air consumption: 6-8 bar - diameter of dust extraction nozzles: 3 x 80 mm, 1 x 120 mm - overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1800 x 2070 x 2000 mm, weight: 1422 kg - Made in Germany - Unpainted - Very good condition, used sander Net price: 22900 PLN Net price: 5452 EUR Net price calculated at an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (The price may change if the exchange rate fluctuates significantly)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 1998, - Belt width: 300 mm - Belt length: 1800 mm - Max. working height: 200 mm - Feed rate: 6 / 11 / 16 m/min Sanding machine Manufacturer: Löwer Type: DSM 3000 Year of manufacture: 1998 Dimensions, space requirements and weight Length: 2660 mm Width: 1020 mm Height: 1890 mm Space requirement: (for operation, tool changes, maintenance) Length: 2660 mm + 2 x workpiece length Width: 2100 mm Height: 2000 mm Weight: 1600 kg Technical data Belt width: 300 mm Belt length: 1800 mm Max. working height: 200 mm Sanding motor - Rated power: 2 x 7.5 kW Sanding motor - Rated current: 2 x 15.4 A Sanding motor - Speed: 2870 rpm Feed motor - Rated power: 0.25 / 0.55 / 1.0 kW Feed motor - Rated current: 1.0 / 1.9 / 2.6 A Feed motor - Speed: 700 / 950 / 1420 rpm Belt speed: 1300 m/min Feed rate: 6 / 11 / 16 m/min Brush motor - Rated power: 2 x 0.37 kW Brush motor - Rated current: 2.1 A Brush motor - Speed: 1405 rpm Kodpfx Aezuzbischjnb Brush length: 290 mm Brush diameter: 120 mm Height adjustment motor - Rated power: 0.37 kW Height adjustment motor - Rated current: 0.81 / 1.15 A Height adjustment motor - Speed: 600 / 2680 rpm Extraction Connection size: 2 x = 150 mm 2 x = 120 mm Airflow: 2515 m³/h Minimum air velocity at the machine connection: 20 m/s Negative pressure at the extraction port: 889 Pa Note: The technical data and descriptions are a transcript of the original order confirmation. The data is for informational purposes only and is not binding.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2009, functionality: fully functional, working width: 950 mm, grinding width: 950 mm, - Austrian-made - Year of manufacture: 2009 - Combination pad (trzewik kombi) TECHNICAL PARAMETERS: - Sanding width: 950 mm - Sanding height: 4–170 mm - Main motor power: 11 kW Knsdpfxjxlr U Is Achjb - 1st unit: rubber drum with pneumatic engagement - Drum diameter: 110 mm - 2nd unit: combination pad (trzewik kombi) - Cleaning brush: 1.1 kW - Pneumatic engagement of rubber drum - Pad with pneumatic engagement - Pneumatic oscillation - Air blower on sanding belt - Electric height adjustment - Sanding belt speed controlled by inverter - Electronic positioning of sanding height - Two feed speeds: feed motor power 0.55 kW - Minimum workpiece length: 400 mm - Extraction port diameter: 3 x 130 mm and 2 x 80 mm - Machine dimensions (L/W/H): 170 x 150 x 210 cm - Weight: approx. 800 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2008, functionality: fully functional, grinding width: 635 mm, grinding height: 133 mm, – Year of manufacture: 2008 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Knsdpfxow Ip Hue Achsb – Rated power: 5550 W – Actual power: 3700 W = 3.7 kW – Max. sanding width: 635 mm – Max. workpiece thickness: 133 mm – Min. workpiece thickness: 0.8 mm – Min. workpiece length: 230 mm – Sanding rollers: 2 x ø 152 x 635 mm – Height adjustment for the second roller – Speed: 1400 rpm – Sanding belt width: 600 mm – Two feed rates – Machine dimensions (L/W/H): 110 / 110 / 110 cm – Weight: 332 kg

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2007, functionality: fully functional, grinding width: 950 mm, grinding height: 170 mm, height adjustment type: electric, type of input current: three-phase, - Italian manufacture - year of manufacture: 2007 - combination sanding shoe TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: - sanding width: 950 mm - sanding height: 4–170 mm - motor power: 11 kW Kodpexdxfqjfx Achjnb - 1st unit: steel drum with pneumatic engagement - drum diameter: 110 mm - 2nd unit: combination sanding shoe - pneumatic engagement for rubber drum: 78 Shore - shoe with pneumatic adjustment - pneumatic oscillation - air blast for belts - electric height adjustment - two belt speeds: 8.3 m/s and 16 m/s - electronic sanding height positioning - continuously variable feed speed: 4–20 m/min - minimum material length: 500 mm - extraction nozzle diameter: 2 x 140 mm - machine dimensions (L/W/H): 150 x 180 x 210 cm - weight: ~ 1010 kg

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 8021 TECHNICAL DATA - max. width of the workpiece: 1100 mm - max. height of the workpiece: 150 mm 2 units: 1) grooved rubber roller for calibrating 2) grooved rubber roller - motor power: 11 kW - brake - from above: - split, sliding metal roller - pressure roller - unit - pressure roller - unit - pressure roller - cleaning brush - from below: - 2 sliding metal rollers - conveyor belt - 2 sliding metal rollers (outlet) - new conveyor belt - pneumatic belt oscillation - electric table lifting - stepless feed speed adjustment - feed motor: 1.5 kW - grinding thickness potentiometer - working pressure: 8-10 bar - dust extraction nozzle diameter: 3x165 mm, 1x140 mm Knsdpjztaqajfx Achob - overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1870x1850x2210 mm - weight: 2165 kg ADVANTAGES - Made in Italy, SCM brand - New conveyor belt - 2 units - Grinding thickness potentiometer - Unpainted - Used sanding machine, very good condition Net price: 26900 PLN Net price: 6405 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices may vary due to higher fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue number: 7840 TECHNICAL DATA - Max. workpiece width: 630mm - Max. workpiece height: 110mm Knedpfx Acezr I Anehjb - 2 units: 1) Grooved rubber roller for calibration 2) Grooved rubber roller for calibration + pad + metal roller - Top section: - Metal infeed roller, slip type - Unit - Metal slip roller - Unit - Metal slip roller - Bottom section: - 2 metal slip rollers - Feed belt - 2 metal slip rollers - Pneumatic oscillation of belts - 2 feed speeds - Motor: 2×7.5kW - Electric table lift - Operating pressure: 6-8 bar - Extraction port diameter: 2x160mm - Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 1650x1060x1970mm - Weight: 972kg ADVANTAGES – Polish-made – 2 processing units – Not repainted – Very good condition – Used sander Net price: 20,900 PLN Net price: 4,980 EUR (calculated at 4.2 EUR) (Prices may change with larger exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: as good as new (ex-display), Year of construction: 2025, functionality: fully functional, Demonstration machine, few operating hours. 3.7 kW motor for high material removal rate, robust design, suitable for continuous commercial use. Steel drums with hard rubber coating for perfectly flat, smooth surfaces. Independently adjustable rear drum for controlled material removal. Two-stage feed gearbox for adaptation to different types of wood. Heavy-duty feed table made of gray cast iron, precisely guided by four spindles. Drum hood with double dust extraction connection and guide plates for efficient dust removal. Digital height indicator for quick and safe adjustment to the desired dimension. Abrasive belts with 75 mm and 100 mm width can be used. Knsdpfx Asziw Afechsb Technical data Feed motor: 0.18 kW Scope of delivery 80 grit abrasive belt mounted on the drum 100 grit abrasive belt mounted on the drum Height crank, operating manual and spare parts list.

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 8046 Technical data: - max width of workpiece 900mm - max height of workpiece 160mm 2 units: 1) ribbed rubber roller for calibrating 2) rubber roller + shoe + metal roller – from above: - rubber roller, slip roller I unit - 2x rubber roller, slip roller II unit - slip roller, rubber roller, smooth Knsdjzx Rzyjpfx Achob – from below: - conveyor belt - pneumatic belt oscillation - 2 types of feed speed 0.55kW - electric table lifting - main motor 7.5kW - working pressure 6-8 bar - diameter of dust extraction nozzle 2x160mm - dimensions L/W/H 1300x1500x1950mm - weight 1100kg Advantages: – Italian production, – unpainted – used grinder, very good condition Net price: 28900 PLN Net price: 6890 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices may change due to significant fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalogue No.: 7810 TECHNICAL DATA max working width: 630 mm max working height: 110 mm 2 units: 1) grooved rubber roller for calibration 2) grooved rubber roller for calibration + pad + metal roller *from above: metal feed-in slip roller unit metal slip roller unit metal slip roller *from below: 2 metal slip rollers feed belt 2 metal slip rollers pneumatic belt oscillation 2 feed speeds motor: 2×7.5 kW electric table elevation operating pressure: 6-8 bar extraction port diameter: 2x160 mm overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1650x1060x1970 mm weight: 972 kg – Polish manufacture – 2 units – unpainted – very good condition – used sander Knsdpfx Acszxhiheheb Net price: 25,900 PLN Net price: 6,160 EUR (at exchange rate 4.2 EUR) (Prices may fluctuate with significant currency changes)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER 8032 TECHNICAL DATA - max. width of the workpiece: 970mm - max. height of the workpiece: 160mm - 2 units - 1) ribbed rubber roller Knodpfxjzxg H Ss Achsb - 2) two metal rollers + shoe - motor power of unit I and II: 11kW - total power: 12kW - brake * from above: - metal roller, slip - pressure roller - unit - metal roller, slip - pressure roller - unit - metal roller, slip * from below: - rubber roller, slip - conveyor belt - pneumatic belt oscillation - electric table lifting - 2 feed speed settings - feed motor approx. 0.75kW - working pressure: 8-10 bar - diameter of the extraction nozzle: 2x160mm - overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1600x1500x2000mm - weight: 1370kg ADVANTAGES - Made in Italy - 2 units - Unpainted - Used sander, very good condition Net price: 21900 PLN Net price: 5200 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.20 EUR (Prices may vary with higher fluctuations)

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2002, functionality: fully functional, working width: 950 mm, overall weight: 1,000 kg, grinding height: 150 mm, height adjustment type: electric, type of input current: three-phase, grinding belt length: 1,900 mm, SCM Sandya 3 RCS 95 wide belt sander Working width: 950 mm Kedpez Agvzsfx Achonb Number of sanding units: 2 1 unit with a steel roller 2 combination unit – rubber roller + backing pad Backing pad is automatically adjusted Oscillation controlled by photoelectric sensors 2 belt speeds Motor power: 11 kW Abrasive sheet dimensions: 1900 x 970 mm

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOG NO. 6985 TECHNICAL DATA - Max workpiece width: 300 mm - Max workpiece height: 200 mm - Unit: grooved rubber roller + pad + metal roller Kodpfezw Dvbox Achonb - Working table: 1230x440 mm - Belt: 300x1900 mm From above: - Rubber slip roller - Unit approx. 7.5 kW - Rubber slip roller From below: - Traction belt - Pneumatic oscillation - 2 feed speeds - Feed motor 0.85 kW - Extraction port diameter: 110 mm - Dimensions (L/W/H): 1250/1000/1950 mm - Weight: 530 kg - Not painted - Used sander - Very good condition Net price: 13,900 PLN Net price: 3,300 EUR Net price calculated at exchange rate 4.2 PLN/EUR (In case of greater exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), Catalog number 7431 TECHNICAL DATA - max. width of the workpiece: 950 mm - max. height of the workpiece: 150 mm From above: - metal roller, pressure roller - unit (fluted rubber roller for calibrating + shoe + metal roller) - metal roller, smooth, sliding roller From below: Kodpfxozw Dibe Achonb - conveyor belt - pneumatic belt oscillation with photocells - electric table lifting - 2 types of feed speed - main motor: 7.5 kW - feed motor: 0.6 kW - table lifting motor: 0.18 kW - working pressure: 8 bar - diameter of the dust extraction nozzle: 150 mm - dimensions (L/W/H): 1600x1250x2000 mm - weight: 1109 kg ADVANTAGES - German production - additional shoe included - used grinder, very good condition Net price: 19,900 PLN Net price: 4,738 EUR, depending on the exchange rate of 4.2 EUR (Prices may vary due to significant exchange rate fluctuations)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER: 6582 TECHNICAL DATA - max. width of workpiece: 920 mm - max. height of workpiece: 150 mm 2 units: 1) grooved rubber roller for calibrating, 11 kW 2) grooved rubber roller for calibrating + tape blowing, 7.5 kW From above: - 2 slip rubber rollers - unit Ksdpfjzw Dchex Achonb - 2 slip rubber rollers - unit - 2 slip rubber rollers From below: - 3 slip rubber rollers - conveyor belt - pneumatic tape oscillation - electric table lifting - stepless feed speed adjustment - working pressure 8-10 bar - pneumatic brake - diameter of extraction nozzle: 2 x 160 mm - overall dimensions (L/W/H): 1600 x 1460 x 2000 mm - weight: approx. 1305 kg – German made – 2 units – used grinder, very good condition Net price: 24,900 PLN Net price: 5,929 EUR Net price calculated according to the exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (in case of significant exchange rate fluctuations, the price may change)

Condition: excellent (used), functionality: fully functional, working width 950 mm calibrating unit with metal roller Ksdpsz D Ackjfx Achsnb combination unit with rubber roller and automatically adjusted sanding pad star-delta start pneumatic oscillation controlled by photocells two feed speeds of the conveyor motor power 7.5 kW year of manufacture 2000 power supply 400V weight 976 kg

Condition: excellent (used), Year of construction: 2019, Wide-belt sanding machine Manufacturer: Houfek Type: SPB 910 Buldog 5 Year of manufacture: 2019 Sanding width: 910 mm Sanding belt: 2,200 x 1,010 mm Workpiece thickness: 3 - 160 mm Sanding motor power: 11 kW Feed rate: 4.5 / 9 m/min Feed motor power: 0.55 / 0.75 kW Knodpfx Asztrk Sechjb Sanding belt speed: 18.5 m/sec Weight: 1,210 kg

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2003, functionality: fully functional, working width: 550 mm, power: 32 kW (43.51 HP), empty load weight: 3,000 kg, Equipment: CE marking, No minimum price – guaranteed sale to the highest bidder! TECHNICAL DETAILS Maximum working width: 550 mm MACHINE DETAILS Knodpfx Acjzk Dyysheb Power: 32 kW Dimensions & Weight Dimensions (L x W x H): 1,700 x 2,700 x 2,900 mm Empty weight: 3,000 kg Control: Conventional Wet/Dry: Dry EQUIPMENT Station type 1: Belt sander CE marking

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2003, total width: 2,700 mm, total height: 2,900 mm, total length: 1,700 mm, Colour: White Knodpezkkd Sefx Achjb Empty weight: 3.000 kg - Year: 2003 - Documentation available: No - CE marking present: Yes - CE certificate present: No - Serial number: 0312101 - Drive system: Conventional - Wet/dry: Dry - Number of stations [pcs]: 1 - └ Station type 1: Abrasive belt - Power [kW]: 32 - Max. working width [mm]: 550 - Transport dimensions: 1700mm x 2700mm x 2900mm (l x w x h) - Transport weight [kg]: 3000kg - Transport packages [pcs.]: 2 Financial information VAT: The price shown is exclusive of VAT VAT/margin: VAT deductible for entrepreneurs Delivery and trade-in always possible for everything in the industrial sectors Lukas van Rossum

Condition: excellent (used), Calibration and fine sanding machine with 1 sanding unit 1 motor, processing from above Working width 1000 mm Sanding belt dimensions 2200 x 1030 mm Workpiece dimensions 3 - 170 mm Table height adjustment motor 0.18 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz Main motor 7.5 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz 2 feed speeds 5.5 & 11 m/min 1st unit: Combination unit, sanding drum, rubberized, 90 Sh / pneumatic sanding pad Sanding pad NEW 2nd unit: Cleaning brush Compressed air requirement approx. 6 bar Suction diameter 200 mm Dimensions approx. L x W x H = 1385 x 1980 x 1900 mm Weight approx. 1800 kg Automatic workpiece thickness adjustment with digital display Oscillation of the sanding belt Sanding belt emergency stop with disk brakes Table extension with 3 rollers in the outfeed Emergency stop button Main switch TRANSPORT CARPET LIKE NEW - was replaced by us approx. 3 years ago MORE THAN 30 WIDE BELT SANDERS Note used machines: - Subject to errors in technical specifications and prior sale. Knsdpjudxchjfx Achob - Prices quoted are ex location - free loading! - The machines have been cleaned and functionally tested. - All machines are purchased as seen without any warranty. The buyer is free to inspect the machines on site. - Special agreements are only possible in written form. (Inquiries will only be answered with your address and telephone number).

Condition: excellent (used), Wide Belt Sander for Calibration and Fine Sanding SCM Model RCS 1st Unit: Calibration Roller, Steel 2nd Unit: Combination Unit (Roller 60 Shore, sanding pad with 2 inserts – hard, soft) Working width: 920 mm Abrasive belt dimensions: 930 x 1,525 mm Main motor power: 11.0 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz Feed motor power: 0.37 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz 2 feed speeds Electromotive table height adjustment Main switch lockable 2 x emergency stop Table extension with 2 rollers, front and rear Sanding pad inserts fitted with new graphite cloth Including as-new sanding belts All documentation included Note for used machinery: • Specifications, data, and prior sale are subject to change. • Prices stated are ex works – free loaded! Kjdpsxqggcefx Achenb • The machine has been cleaned and functionality tested. • All machines are sold as seen without any rights to warranty. Buyers are welcome to inspect the machines on site. • Special agreements are only valid in written form. (We only respond to inquiries that include your address and telephone number!)

Condition: excellent (used), CATALOGUE NUMBER: 5799 Knsdpfxozty Nve Achsb TECHNICAL DATA - Max. width of workpiece: 230mm - Max. height of workpiece: 140mm - Min. length of workpiece: 300mm - 2 sanding units: - Upper and lower + platens * Upper: - 2 sliding, metal pressure rollers - Pressure - Sanding unit: 2 metal rollers + platen - Sliding pressure roller - Conveyor belt * Lower: - Conveyor belt - 2 sliding, smooth metal rollers - Pressure - Sanding unit: 2 metal rollers + platen - 3 sliding, smooth metal rollers - Electrically adjustable sanding height - Oscillation of sanding belts - Pneumatic belt cleaning - Smooth feed rate adjustment using a frequency inverter: 3-15 m/min - Feed motors: 2 x 0.37 kW - Main motors: - Upper: 5.5 kW - Lower: approx. 5.5 kW - Air consumption: 6-8 bar - Diameter of dust extraction nozzles: 4 x 100mm - Overall dimensions (L/W/H): 2340 x 1420 x 1920 mm - Weight: 1480 kg - For short components (belts overlap) - German manufacture - Very good condition - Unpainted - Used sander Net price: 18900 PLN Net price: 4500 EUR Net price calculated based on an exchange rate of 4.2 PLN/EUR (Price may change in the event of significant exchange rate fluctuations)